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Anatomy of ASP.NET Core
Requests
Steve Gordon
@stevejgordon | stevejgordon.co.uk
Resources: http://bit.ly/aspnetanatomy
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CLIENT HTTP REQUEST
www.stevejgordon.co.uk/api/books
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Recursive
Resolver
Client
Root-Level DNS
Top Level Domain
DNS (.uk)
Second-Level
DNS (.co.uk)
queries
refers
refers
IP Address
Domain Name
Server
(stevejgordon.co.uk)
refers
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Client
(::64000)
Web Server
(101.101.121.64:443)
ClientHello
ServerHello
Certificate
ServerHelloDone
ClientKeyExchange
ChangeCipherSpec
Finished
ChangeCipherSpec
Finished
TCP
TLS
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
GET /api/books HTTP/1.1
Host: stevejgordon.co.uk
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-GB
Accept-Encoding: br, gzip, deflate
User-Agent: ClientApplication/1.0
(blank line)
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
GET /api/books HTTP/1.1
Host: stevejgordon.co.uk
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-GB
Accept-Encoding: br, gzip, deflate
User-Agent: ClientApplication/1.0
(blank line)
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
GET /api/books HTTP/1.1
Host: stevejgordon.co.uk
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-GB
Accept-Encoding: br, gzip, deflate
User-Agent: ClientApplication/1.0
(blank line)
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
GET /api/books HTTP/1.1
Host: stevejgordon.co.uk
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-GB
Accept-Encoding: br, gzip, deflate
User-Agent: ClientApplication/1.0
(blank line)
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KESTREL
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Client Internet
KESTREL
HTTP/S
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Accept Connection
ASP.NET Core
Connection Middleware
Listening on :80 and :443
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Kestrel
Client Internet
ASP.NET CORE
{}
Application
Code
HTTP/S
HttpContext
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Parse HTTP
request
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Kestrel
Client Internet
ASP.NET CORE
HTTP/S
HttpContext
Middleware
Endpoint / MVC
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Endpoint Handles Request
Pipeline Invoked
HttpsRedirectionMiddleware
EndpointRoutingMiddleware
AuthenticationMiddleware
AuthorizationMiddleware
EndpointMiddleware
DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware
ForwardedHeadersMiddleware
HostFilteringMiddleware
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Endpoint Handles Request
Pipeline Invoked
HttpsRedirectionMiddleware
EndpointRoutingMiddleware
AuthenticationMiddleware
AuthorizationMiddleware
EndpointMiddleware
DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware
ForwardedHeadersMiddleware
HostFilteringMiddleware
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Endpoint Handles Request
Pipeline Invoked
HttpsRedirectionMiddleware
EndpointRoutingMiddleware
AuthenticationMiddleware
AuthorizationMiddleware
EndpointMiddleware
DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware
ForwardedHeadersMiddleware
HostFilteringMiddleware
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.Use(async (ctx, next) =>
{
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await next(); // call next middleware in pipeline
sw.Stop();
var recorder = ctx.RequestServices.GetRequiredService();
recorder.RecordRequest(ctx.Response.StatusCode, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
});
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.Use(async (ctx, next) =>
{
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await next(); // call next middleware in pipeline
sw.Stop();
var recorder = ctx.RequestServices.GetRequiredService();
recorder.RecordRequest(ctx.Response.StatusCode, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
});
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.Use(async (ctx, next) =>
{
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await next(); // call next middleware in pipeline
sw.Stop();
var recorder = ctx.RequestServices.GetRequiredService();
recorder.RecordRequest(ctx.Response.StatusCode, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
});
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.Use(async (ctx, next) =>
{
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await next(); // call next middleware in pipeline
sw.Stop();
var recorder = ctx.RequestServices.GetRequiredService();
recorder.RecordRequest(ctx.Response.StatusCode, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
});
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public class MetricMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly IMetricRecorder _metricRecorder;
public MetricMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IMetricRecorder metricRecorder)
{
_next = next;
_metricRecorder = metricRecorder;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext ctx)
{
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await _next(ctx);
stopWatch.Stop();
_metricRecorder.RecordRequest(ctx.Response.StatusCode, stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public class MetricMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly IMetricRecorder _metricRecorder;
public MetricMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IMetricRecorder metricRecorder)
{
_next = next;
_metricRecorder = metricRecorder;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext ctx)
{
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await _next(ctx);
stopWatch.Stop();
_metricRecorder.RecordRequest(ctx.Response.StatusCode, stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public class MetricMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly IMetricRecorder _metricRecorder;
public MetricMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IMetricRecorder metricRecorder)
{
_next = next;
_metricRecorder = metricRecorder;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext ctx)
{
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await _next(ctx);
stopWatch.Stop();
_metricRecorder.RecordRequest(ctx.Response.StatusCode, stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.UseMiddleware();
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public static class MetricMiddlewareExtensions
{
public static IApplicationBuilder UseMetrics(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
{
return builder.UseMiddleware();
}
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public static class MetricMiddlewareExtensions
{
public static IApplicationBuilder UseMetrics(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
{
return builder.UseMiddleware();
}
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
app.UseMetrics();
...
}
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ENDPOINT ROUTING
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
Routing Zone
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
Endpoint Aware
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DEMO
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ASP.NET CORE MVC
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class BooksController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly IBookRepository _bookRepository;
public BooksController(IBookRepository bookRepository)
{
_bookRepository = bookRepository;
}
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Get()
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.GetAll());
}
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class BooksController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly IBookRepository _bookRepository;
public BooksController(IBookRepository bookRepository)
{
_bookRepository = bookRepository;
}
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Get()
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.GetAll());
}
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class BooksController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly IBookRepository _bookRepository;
public BooksController(IBookRepository bookRepository)
{
_bookRepository = bookRepository;
}
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Get()
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.GetAll());
}
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class BooksController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly IBookRepository _bookRepository;
public BooksController(IBookRepository bookRepository)
{
_bookRepository = bookRepository;
}
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Get()
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.GetAll());
}
...
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
Controller
Initialisation
Action
Execution
View
Rendering
Result
Execution Response
View Result
Data Result
Controller Factory
Controller Action
Invoker
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No content
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Authorization
Filters
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
Forbidden
void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationFilterContext ctx)
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Resource
Filters
Authorization
Filters
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
Short-circuit
void OnResourceExecuting(ResourceExecutingContext ctx);
void OnResourceExecuted(ResourceExecutedContext ctx);
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DEMO
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Authorization
Filters
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
Short-circuit
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public class CompressionMiddlewarePipeline
{
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseResponseCompression();
}
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public class CompressionMiddlewarePipeline
{
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseResponseCompression();
}
}
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
[MiddlewareFilter(typeof(CompressionMiddlewarePipeline))]
public class AuthorsController : ControllerBase
{
// Action methods
}
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
public class CompressionMiddlewarePipeline
{
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseResponseCompression();
}
}
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
[MiddlewareFilter(typeof(CompressionMiddlewarePipeline))]
public class AuthorsController : ControllerBase
{
// Action methods
}
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Authorization
Filters
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
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CONTROLLER
ACTION INVOKER
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
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MODEL BINDERS
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Search(string keyword, int pageSize)
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.Search(keyword, pageSize));
}
GET /books/search?keyword=performance&pageSize=10
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Search(string keyword, int pageSize)
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.Search(keyword, pageSize));
}
GET /books/search?keyword=performance&pageSize=10
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Search(string keyword, int pageSize)
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.Search(keyword, pageSize));
}
GET /books/search?keyword=performance&pageSize=10
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Search(string keyword, int pageSize)
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.Search(keyword, pageSize));
}
GET /books/search?keyword=performance&pageSize=10
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult> Search(string keyword, int pageSize)
{
return Ok(_bookRepository.Search(keyword, pageSize));
}
GET /books/search?keyword=performance&pageSize=10
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
[HttpPost]
public IActionResult CreateBook(BookInputModel book)
{
// Save the Book...
return Ok();
}
public class BookInputModel
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string ISBN { get; set; }
}
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INPUT FORMATTERS
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DEMO
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
Action Filters
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
Short-circuit
void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext ctx);
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
Action Filters
Action
Execution
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext ctx);
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DEMO
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
Action Filters
Exception
Filters
Action
Execution
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
void OnException(ExceptionContext context);
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DEMO
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
Action Filters Result Filters
Exception
Filters
Action
Execution
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext ctx);
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
Action Filters Result Filters
Exception
Filters
Action
Execution
ActionResult
Executed
Output
Formatter
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
Action Filters Result Filters
Exception
Filters
Action
Execution
ActionResult
Executed
Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Output
Formatter
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
Result Filters
void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext ctx);
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DEMO
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Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Controller
Created
Model Binding
Authorization
Filters
Action Filters Result Filters
Exception
Filters
Action
Execution
ActionResult
Executed
Resource
Filters
Middleware
Filters
Output
Formatter
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Middleware
Result Filters
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
Endpoint Handles Request
Pipeline Invoked
HttpsRedirectionMiddleware
EndpointRoutingMiddleware
AuthenticationMiddleware
AuthorizationMiddleware
EndpointMiddleware
DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware
ForwardedHeadersMiddleware
HostFilteringMiddleware
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Kestrel
Client Internet
ASP.NET CORE
HTTP/S
HttpContext
Middleware
MVC
R e q u e s t
R e s p o n s e
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 23 May 2020 07:20:56 GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Server: Kestrel
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 23:00:00 GMT
[{"id":1,"title":"Pro .NET Memory
Management","isbn":"978-1-4842-4026-
7","datePublished":"2018-11-
13T00:00:00","authors":[{"firstName":"Konrad","lastNam
e":"Kokosa"}],"lastModified":"2020-04-01T00:00:00"}]
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 23 May 2020 07:20:56 GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Server: Kestrel
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 23:00:00 GMT
[{"id":1,"title":"Pro .NET Memory
Management","isbn":"978-1-4842-4026-
7","datePublished":"2018-11-
13T00:00:00","authors":[{"firstName":"Konrad","lastNam
e":"Kokosa"}],"lastModified":"2020-04-01T00:00:00"}]
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 23 May 2020 07:20:56 GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Server: Kestrel
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 23:00:00 GMT
[{"id":1,"title":"Pro .NET Memory
Management","isbn":"978-1-4842-4026-
7","datePublished":"2018-11-
13T00:00:00","authors":[{"firstName":"Konrad","lastNam
e":"Kokosa"}],"lastModified":"2020-04-01T00:00:00"}]
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 23 May 2020 07:20:56 GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Server: Kestrel
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 23:00:00 GMT
[{"id":1,"title":"Pro .NET Memory
Management","isbn":"978-1-4842-4026-
7","datePublished":"2018-11-
13T00:00:00","authors":[{"firstName":"Konrad","lastNam
e":"Kokosa"}],"lastModified":"2020-04-01T00:00:00"}]
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@stevejgordon
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
Summary
• HTTP request received and
parsed by Kestrel
• Middleware pipeline
executed
• An endpoint (MVC) handles
the request
• Filter pipeline
• Action execution
• ActionResult execution
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THANK YOU
www.stevejgordon.co.uk
https://app.pluralsight.com/profile/author/steve-gordon
http://bit.ly/aspnetanatomy
@stevejgordon