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Progressing Our Layouts Jen Simmons @jensimmons thewebahead.net

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Amazing future! The No-layout Layout Table-based Layouts Float-based Layouts The Official Timeline of the Evolution of Web Page Layout

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(*Tweets in response, with names removed to protect the, well, not the innocent, but to protect people from trolling.)

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Works Doesn’t work

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Use It Don’t Use It

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Works Doesn’t work Use It Don’t Use It

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Works Doesn’t work Use It Don’t Use It

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Works Doesn’t work Use It Don’t Use It

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Works Doesn’t work Use It Don’t Use It Fired.

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Works Doesn’t work Use It Don’t Use It Fired.

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Works Doesn’t work Use It Don’t Use It Fired. ✔

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Works Doesn’t work Use It Don’t Use It

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Works and Doesn’t Work Use It and Don’t Use It Don’t Use It

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Works and Doesn’t Work Use It and Don’t Use It Don’t Use It X

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drawing by Dave Ellis novolume.co.uk

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So, ok, how?

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This Thing About CSS

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.box { background: #bbb; border: 10px solid black; border-radius: 50px; }

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.box { background: #bbb; border: 10px solid black; border-radius: 50px; }

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.box { background: #bbb; border: 10px solid black; border-radius: 50px; } .box { background: #bbb; border: 10px solid black; border-radius: 50px; } Opera Mini IE8 IE7 IE6 Firefox Safari Chrome IE9+ Edge (on all operating systems)

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That Magic Thing Where “Weird Stuff” Gets Ignored

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CSS Shapes

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img { width: 200px; margin: 0 1.5em 0.5em 0; float: left; shape-outside: circle(); } There is a prefix: -webkit-shape-outside: circle(); *

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img { width: 200px; margin: 0 1.5em 0.5em 0; float: left; shape-outside: circle(); } There is a prefix: -webkit-shape-outside: circle(); *

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img.grapes { max-width: 600px; float: left; margin-left: -26%; shape-outside:polygon( nonzero, -69.6% 101.25%, -84.35% 24.5%, 1.65% 4%, 23.3% 14.25%, 40.4% 13.5%, 43% 13.25%, 57.1% 16.5%, 62.7% 27%, 74.5% 32.25%, 78.15% 42.5%, 80.1% 49.25%, 77.15% 58.75%, 92.25% 68.25%, 92.9% 82.25%, 75.5% 92.5%, 51.55% 90.75%, -5.6% 101.25% ); }

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img.grapes { max-width: 600px; float: left; margin-left: -26%; shape-outside:polygon( nonzero, -69.6% 101.25%, -84.35% 24.5%, 1.65% 4%, 23.3% 14.25%, 40.4% 13.5%, 43% 13.25%, 57.1% 16.5%, 62.7% 27%, 74.5% 32.25%, 78.15% 42.5%, 80.1% 49.25%, 77.15% 58.75%, 92.25% 68.25%, 92.9% 82.25%, 75.5% 92.5%, 51.55% 90.75%, -5.6% 101.25% ); }

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labs.jensimmons.com @jensimmons

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Tool #1: CSS Error Handling

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Viewport Units + Flexbox

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header { display: flex; height: 100vh; } h1 { margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 100vh; } h1 { margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 500px; height: 100vh; } h1 { margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 500px; height: 100vh; } h1 { margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 500px; height: 100vh; } h1 { margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 500px; height: 100vh; } h1 { margin-top: 2em; margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 500px; height: 100vh; } h1 { padding: 2em 0; margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 500px; height: 100vh; } h1 { padding: 2em 0; margin: auto; }

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header { display: flex; height: 500px; height: 100vh; } h1 { padding: 2em 0; margin: auto; } The running code uses prefixes, which I’ll talk about later. *

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Tool #2: CSS Overrides

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Initial Letter

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p::first-letter { color: rgba(255,190,150,0.9); font-weight: bold; margin-right: 0.5em; -webkit-initial-letter: 4; initial-letter: 4; }

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Safari 9 (iOS and Mac OSX)

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p::first-letter { color: rgba(255,190,150,0.9); font-weight: bold; margin-right: 0.5em; -webkit-initial-letter: 4; initial-letter: 4; }

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p::first-letter { color: rgba(255,190,150,0.9); font-weight: bold; margin-right: 0.5em; -webkit-initial-letter: 4; initial-letter: 4; }

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@supports (initial-letter: 4 ) or (-webkit-initial-letter: 4 ) p::first-letter { color: rgba(255,190,150,0.9); font-weight: bold; margin-right: 0.5em; -webkit-initial-letter: 4; initial-letter: 4; } }

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Tool #3: @supports, aka Feature Queries

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@supports (initial-letter: 4 ) or (-webkit-initial-letter: 4 ) p {color:red;} p::first-letter { color: rgba(255,190,150,0.9); font-weight: bold; margin-right: 0.5em; -webkit-initial-letter: 4; initial-letter: 4; } }

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// Layout overrides for browsers that // don't support Flexbox flex-wrap, // namely, Firefox 25 to 28. @supports (not (flex-wrap: wrap)) { .article-list { display: block; } article { flex: none; float: left; width: 48%; } }

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Tool #3: @supports, aka Feature Queries

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Prefixes

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Bonus Tool: Autoprefixer

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Tool #4: Modernizer

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modernizer.com

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.flexwrap { // // the flexbox layout // // } .no-flexwrap { // // the old school layout // // }

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Tool #5: Conditional Stylesheets

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Tool #0: Conditional Stylesheets

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@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { // IE10+ CSS here }

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Tool #6: Polyfill

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Grid

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ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: 50vw; grid-auto-flow: dense; @media (min-width: 360px) { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: 33vw; } @media (min-width: 500px) { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: 25vw; } @media (min-width: 700px) { grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: 20vw; } @media (min-width: 900px) { li { height: 100%; border: 1px solid black; } li.highlight-box { grid-row: span 2; grid-column: span 2; } li.highlight-tall { grid-row: span 2; } li.highlight-wide { grid-column: span 2; } img { display: block; object-fit: cover; height: 100%; }

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labs.jensimmons.com

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1. Fact CSS ignores code it doesn’t recognize 2. The CSS Cascade 3. Feature Queries with @supports { } 4. Modernizer 5. Conditional Stylesheets for IE 6. Polyfills

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¿ ? What are we going to do about full-page layout?

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Don’t use Grid 
 until 100% of your audience has it

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Write float-based 
 (inline block / display table) layout & deliver that to some browsers, while the rest 
 get Grid layout

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(You should NOT be jacking up the HTML order for layout anyway, so the HMTL for both will be identical.)

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Deliver a “mobile” / skinny / simplified layout to older browsers, and a full-page Grid layout to supporting browsers

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Use a Polyfill for Grid

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Use a Polyfill for Grid

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Basic layout, that doesn’t require Grid. Or Media Queries. Or Feature Queries. Hand-write your own CSS for this. Drop layout frameworks & learn vanilla CSS.

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Basic layout, that doesn’t require Grid. Or Media Queries. Or Feature Queries. Hand-write your own CSS for this. Drop layout frameworks & learn vanilla CSS. Code that uses Grid to create the layout. Use Feature Queries to hide it from non-supporting browsers.

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Thanks! labs.jensimmons.com @jensimmons thewebahead.net