ハッシュと暗号は違うぞ！ / Do not confuse hashes and ciphers.

by HASEGAWA Tomoki

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ίϯϐϡʔλͷجૅ1 ϋογϡͱ҉߸͸ҧ͏ͧʂʂ ௕୩઒ஐر HASEGAWA Tomoki

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ライフワーク: Web / iOSアプリ開発, ビール, 電子工作,  サッカー観戦, レンタルカートレース, … 長谷川智希 Web / iOS App Development, Beer, IoT, Watch soccer match, Rental Kart Racing, … デジタルサーカス株式会社副団長CTO Digital Circus, Inc. Vice-master CTO Tokyo, Japan Lifework: @tomzoh

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WE ARE HIRING!! Web Development Mobile App Development （）（iOS, Android) http://www.dgcircus.com Omotesando, Tokyo

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ࠓ೔ͷςʔϚ • ࣮ࡍʹ͋ͬͨ΍ΓͱΓ:  ͓٬͞·ʮηΩϡϦςΟ্DBʹύεϫʔυΛอଘ͠ͳ͍Ͱɻʯ  ๭ϕϯμʮͰ͸ύεϫʔυ͸҉߸Խͯ͠อଘ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻʯ  ΅͘ʮ·ͬͯʂʂʂʂ ʯ • ϋογϡͱ҉߸ͷҧ͍͕ཧղ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͜Μͳੈͷ த͡ΌϙΠζϯ☠ • ίϯϐϡʔλΤϯδχΞͱͯͪ͠ΌΜͱཧղͯ͠ɺਖ਼ ͘͠ϋογϡ΍҉߸ԽΛ࢖͓͏ɻ

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ϋογϡ

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ϋογϡ • γεςϜ։ൃɺಛʹWebγεςϜͰ͸࣌ͱͯ͠ϋο γϡΛ࢖͏ɻ • ͦͷಛੑΛཧղ͠ͳ͍ͰϋογϡΛ࢖༻͢Δͱɺ ηΩϡϦςΟ੬ऑੑΛ๊͑ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ • ϋογϡͷಛੑΛཧղͯ͠ਖ਼͘͠࢖͍·͠ΐ͏ɻ

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ϋογϡͱ͸Կ͔

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ӳ୯ޠͱͯ͠ͷҙຯ:

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΢ΟΩϖσΟΞͰݟΔͱ:

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ϋογϡͱ͸Կ͔ • ʮσʔλ͔Βࢉग़ͨ͠খ͞ͳ஋ɻ֤σʔλΛ۠ผɾ දݱ͢Δ໨తʹ༻͍Δʯ • σʔλΛϋογϡؔ਺ʹೖྗ͢Δͱɺϋογϡ஋ ͕ग़ྗ͞ΕΔɻ • ϋογϡؔ਺ͷྫ: md5, sha-1, sha-2 …

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ϋογϡؔ਺ͷಛ௃ Α͘࢖ΘΕΔϋογϡؔ਺͸͜Μͳ෩ʹઃܭ͞Ε͍ͯΔ: • Կ౓΍ͬͯ΋ಉ͡ϋογϡ஋ʹͳΔ • ͲΜͳσʔλΛೖྗͯ͠΋ಉ͡௕͞ͷϋογϡ஋ʹͳΔ • ผͷσʔλʹରͯ͠͸͍͍ͩͨผͷϋογϡ஋ʹͳΔ • ϋογϡ஋͔ΒݩͷσʔλΛࢉग़͢Δ͜ͱ͸΄΅Ͱ͖ͳ͍

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ϋογϡؔ਺ͷ༻్

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ϋογϡؔ਺ͷ༻్1 ʮμ΢ϯϩʔυ͖ͯͨ͠ϑΝΠϧɺ  ͪΌΜͱμ΢ϯϩʔυͰ͖͔ͨͳ…ʯ • μ΢ϯϩʔυݩʹϋογϡؔ਺ͱϋογϡ஋Λදࣔɻ • μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ϑΝΠϧͷϋογϡ஋ΛखݩͰܭࢉͯͦ͠Ε ͱൺֱ͢Δɻ • ϋογϡ஋͕߹͑͹OKɻ • ϑΝΠϧ͕վ͟Μ͞Ε͍ͯͨΓɺμ΢ϯϩʔυʹࣦഊ͍ͯ͠Ε͹ϋο γϡ஋͕߹Θͳ͍ɻ • aptͱ͔yumͰ΋಺෦తʹ࢖༻͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ

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UbuntuͷISO഑෍αΠτ

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UbuntuͷISO഑෍αΠτ

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UbuntuͷISO഑෍αΠτ c94d54942a2954cf852884d656224186 *ubuntu-16.04-desktop-amd64.iso 610c4a399df39a78866f9236b8c658da *ubuntu-16.04-desktop-i386.iso 23e97cd5d4145d4105fbf29878534049 *ubuntu-16.04-server-amd64.img 23e97cd5d4145d4105fbf29878534049 *ubuntu-16.04-server-amd64.iso 494c03028524dff2de5c41a800674692 *ubuntu-16.04-server-i386.img 494c03028524dff2de5c41a800674692 *ubuntu-16.04-server-i386.iso 17643c29e3c4609818f26becf76d29a3 *ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso 9e4e30c37c99b4e029b4bfc2ee93eec2 *ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-i386.iso d2d939ca0e65816790375f6826e4032f *ubuntu-16.04.1-server-amd64.img d2d939ca0e65816790375f6826e4032f *ubuntu-16.04.1-server-amd64.iso 455206c599c25d6a576ba23ca906741a *ubuntu-16.04.1-server-i386.img 455206c599c25d6a576ba23ca906741a *ubuntu-16.04.1-server-i386.iso

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ϋογϡؔ਺ͷ༻్2 ʮ/node/1ͱ͔ɺID͕URLʹؙݟ͑ͳͷΧοί  ѱ͍ͳ…ʯ • IDΛϋογϡؔ਺ͷೖྗͱ͠ɺURLʹ͸ϋογϡ஋Λ࢖͏ɻ • /user/9e4e30c37c99b4e029b4bfc2ee93eec2

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ϋογϡؔ਺ͷ༻్3 ʮύεϫʔυΛͦͷ··DBʹอଘ͢Δͷ͸ةݥɻʯ • Ϣʔβ͕ೖྗͨ͠ύεϫʔυ͕Ϣʔβ͕ઃఆͨ͠΋ͷͱಉ͔͕͡ ෼͔Ε͹ྑ͍ɻ • ϋογϡؔ਺ΛܾΊ͓͖ͯɺDBʹ͸ύεϫʔυͷϋογϡ஋Λอ ଘ͢Δɻ • ࣍ճϩάΠϯ࣌ʹϢʔβ͕ೖྗͨ͠จࣈྻ͔Βϋογϡ஋Λܭࢉ ͠ɺDBʹอଘ͞Εͨ΋ͷͱൺֱ͢Δɻ • ϋογϡ஋͕߹͑͹Ϣʔβ͕ೖྗͨ͠จࣈྻ͸ͦͷϢʔβ͕ઃఆͨ͠ ύεϫʔυͱ౳͍͠ɻ • DB͕ྲྀग़ͯ͠΋ύεϫʔυ͸όϨͳ͍ɻ

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ϋογϡͷಛੑʹΑΔ஫ҙࣄ߲

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ϋογϡ஋িಥʹΑΔ߈ܸ ਆιϑτ͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰެ։͢ΔΑɻ ϋογϡ஋෇͖Ͷɻ

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ϋογϡ஋িಥʹΑΔ߈ܸ ਆιϑτ͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰެ։͢ΔΑɻ ϋογϡ஋෇͖Ͷɻ ΢ΟϧεೖΕͯ…ɻ຤ඌʹΰϛσʔλ෇͚Ճ͑ͯϋο γϡ஋ಉ͡ʹͳΔ༷ʹͨ͠Ζɻ

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ϋογϡ஋িಥʹΑΔ߈ܸ μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ϑΝΠϧɺେৎ෉͔ͳʁ ϋογϡ஋߹ͬͯΔ͠OKʂ ਆιϑτ͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰެ։͢ΔΑɻ ϋογϡ஋෇͖Ͷɻ ΢ΟϧεೖΕͯ…ɻ຤ඌʹΰϛσʔλ෇͚Ճ͑ͯϋο γϡ஋ಉ͡ʹͳΔ༷ʹͨ͠Ζɻ

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ϋογϡ஋িಥʹΑΔ߈ܸ μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ϑΝΠϧɺେৎ෉͔ͳʁ ϋογϡ஋߹ͬͯΔ͠OKʂ ਆιϑτ͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰެ։͢ΔΑɻ ϋογϡ஋෇͖Ͷɻ ΢ΟϧεೖΕͯ…ɻ຤ඌʹΰϛσʔλ෇͚Ճ͑ͯϋο γϡ஋ಉ͡ʹͳΔ༷ʹͨ͠Ζɻ ͗Όʔʂ΢ΟϧεೖΓͩͬͨʂʂʂ

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ϋογϡ஋িಥʹΑΔ߈ܸ μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ϑΝΠϧɺେৎ෉͔ͳʁ ϋογϡ஋߹ͬͯΔ͠OKʂ ਆιϑτ͕Ͱ͖ͨͷͰެ։͢ΔΑɻ ϋογϡ஋෇͖Ͷɻ ΢ΟϧεೖΕͯ…ɻ຤ඌʹΰϛσʔλ෇͚Ճ͑ͯϋο γϡ஋ಉ͡ʹͳΔ༷ʹͨ͠Ζɻ ͗Όʔʂ΢ΟϧεೖΓͩͬͨʂʂʂ Ͳ͏ͨ͠ΒΑ͔ͬͨʁ

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ϋογϡ஋িಥʹΑΔ߈ܸͷରࡦ • Ͳ͏͠Α͏΋ͳ͍ɻ • ϋογϡ஋ͷিಥΛҙਤతʹى͜͠ʹ͍͘ΞϧΰϦ ζϜΛ࢖͏͔͠ͳ͍ɻ

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ϋογϡ஋িಥʹΑΔ߈ܸͷରࡦ • Ͳ͏͠Α͏΋ͳ͍ɻ • ϋογϡ஋ͷিಥΛҙਤతʹى͜͠ʹ͍͘ΞϧΰϦ ζϜΛ࢖͏͔͠ͳ͍ɻ

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ϋογϡؔ਺ͷ༻్2 ʮ/node/1ͱ͔ɺID͕URLʹؙݟ͑ͳͷΧοί  ѱ͍ͳ…ʯ • IDΛϋογϡؔ਺ͷೖྗͱ͠ɺURLʹ͸ϋογϡ஋Λ࢖͏ɻ • /user/9e4e30c37c99b4e029b4bfc2ee93eec2

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸ /node/1 ͬͯͷ΋ΞϨͳͷͰϋογϡԽͨ͠Ζɻ $url = sprintf("/user/%s", md5($user_id));

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸ /node/1 ͬͯͷ΋ΞϨͳͷͰϋογϡԽͨ͠Ζɻ $url = sprintf("/user/%s", md5($user_id)); ͜ͷจࣈྻͷฒͼɺmd5ͩͳɻͲ͏ͤݩ͸࿈൪ͩΖɻ for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++)} $page = file_get_contents(  sprintf("/user/%s", md5($i))); }

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸͷରࡦ1 • ݩσʔλ͕όϨͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δɻ • ͦͷͨΊʹɺݩσʔλʹιϧτΛ௥Ճ͢Δɻ • ιϧτ͸ԿͰ΋ྑ͍ɻ20จࣈҎ্͙Β͍ͷਪଌ͠ʹ͍͘จࣈ ྻɻ • ʮ࿈൪ͱ͔ΛΘ͔Γʹ͘͘͢Δʯ༷ͳ༻్Ͱ͸ɺιϧτΛ෇ ͚ͳ͍ܗͰϋογϡؔ਺Λ࢖͏͜ͱ͸ແ͍ͱࢥͬͯྑ͍ɻ

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸͷରࡦ1 • ݩσʔλ͕όϨͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δɻ • ͦͷͨΊʹɺݩσʔλʹιϧτΛ௥Ճ͢Δɻ • ιϧτ͸ԿͰ΋ྑ͍ɻ20จࣈҎ্͙Β͍ͷਪଌ͠ʹ͍͘จࣈ ྻɻ • ʮ࿈൪ͱ͔ΛΘ͔Γʹ͘͘͢Δʯ༷ͳ༻్Ͱ͸ɺιϧτΛ෇ ͚ͳ͍ܗͰϋογϡؔ਺Λ࢖͏͜ͱ͸ແ͍ͱࢥͬͯྑ͍ɻ $salt = "aemi4ahcoh7weeN2euth"; $url = sprintf("/user/%s", md5($salt.$user_id));

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸ ύεϫʔυΛϋογϡԽͯ͠DBʹอଘͨ͠Αɻ ͜ΕͰσʔλ͕࿙Ӯͯ͠΋େৎ෉ʂ

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸ ύεϫʔυΛϋογϡԽͯ͠DBʹอଘͨ͠Αɻ ͜ΕͰσʔλ͕࿙Ӯͯ͠΋େৎ෉ʂ ͜ͷจࣈྻͷฒͼɺmd5ͩͳɻΑ͋͘Δύεϫʔυͷ දΛ࢖ͬͯ…ɻ ݩσʔλ md5 abcde ab56b4d92b40713acc5af89985d4b786 qwerty d8578edf8458ce06fbc5bb76a58c5ca4 password 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 : :

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸ ύεϫʔυΛϋογϡԽͯ͠DBʹอଘͨ͠Αɻ ͜ΕͰσʔλ͕࿙Ӯͯ͠΋େৎ෉ʂ ͋ͬͱ͍͏ؒʹύεϫʔυ͕͹Εͨʂ ͜ͷจࣈྻͷฒͼɺmd5ͩͳɻΑ͋͘Δύεϫʔυͷ දΛ࢖ͬͯ…ɻ ݩσʔλ md5 abcde ab56b4d92b40713acc5af89985d4b786 qwerty d8578edf8458ce06fbc5bb76a58c5ca4 password 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 : :

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸ ύεϫʔυΛϋογϡԽͯ͠DBʹอଘͨ͠Αɻ ͜ΕͰσʔλ͕࿙Ӯͯ͠΋େৎ෉ʂ ͋ͬͱ͍͏ؒʹύεϫʔυ͕͹Εͨʂ Ͳ͏ͨ͠ΒΑ͔ͬͨʁ ͜ͷจࣈྻͷฒͼɺmd5ͩͳɻΑ͋͘Δύεϫʔυͷ දΛ࢖ͬͯ…ɻ ݩσʔλ md5 abcde ab56b4d92b40713acc5af89985d4b786 qwerty d8578edf8458ce06fbc5bb76a58c5ca4 password 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 : :

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ݯ૾ܭࢉʹΑΔ߈ܸͷରࡦ2 • Ϣʔβ͕ͲΜͳύεϫʔυΛ෇͚ͯ΋ςʔϒϧʹͦ Ε͕ݱΕͳ͍༷ʹ͢Δɻ • ͦͷͨΊʹɺݩσʔλʹιϧτΛ௥Ճ͢Δɻ • લͷέʔεͱಉ͡ɻ • ϋογϡͱฉ͍ͨΒιϧτ͸ʁͱࢥ͏͙Β͍Ͱྑ͍ɻ • ͪͳΈʹ͜ͷςʔϒϧɺ͘͢͝σΧ͍ɻ • 4จࣈͰ640MBɺ5จࣈͰ50GBɺ8จࣈͰ12PBɻ • ϨΠϯϘʔςʔϒϧͱ͍͏ํ๏͕͋Δɻ IUUQXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUIJNBSVTBMU ࢀߟ

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ϋογϡ஋ͷিಥ

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ϋογϡ஋ͷিಥ • ϋογϡ஋ͷিಥ:  ผͷσʔλΛϋογϡؔ਺ʹೖΕ͍ͯΔͷʹɺಉ͡ϋογϡ஋ ͕ग़͖ͯͯ͠·͏͜ͱɻ • ͲΜͳϋογϡؔ਺ΛબΜͰ΋ϋογϡ஋͸ඞͣিಥ͢Δɻ ݩσʔλ 32bit ϋογϡ 2bit data 1 data 2 data 3 data 4 hash 1 hash 2 hash 3 hash 4 data 5

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ϋογϡ஋͕িಥ͢Δલఏͷઃܭ • ϋογϡ஋͸ඞͣিಥ͢Δ • ϋογϡΛ࢖͏৔߹ʹ͸িಥͨ͠ΒࠔΔ͔ࠔΒͳ͍͔Λඞͣ ߟ͑Δɻ • URLͷྫͳͲɺϢχʔΫͰͳ͍ͱࠔΔ΋ͷ͸ɺඞͣিಥͯ͠ ͍ͳ͍͔ͷνΣοΫΛ͢Δɻ • ύεϫʔυͷྫ͸িಥͯ͠΋͔·Θͳ͍ɻ • ʮͦͷϋογϡΛDBʹอଘ͢Δ࣌ʹɺͦͷΧϥϜ͕ϢχʔΫ Ͱ͋Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͔ʯ

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ଥ౰ͳιϧτͱ͸ • ιϧτͱͯ͠ଥ౰ͳจࣈྻ͸Կ͔ • ௕͕͞ҰఆҎ্͋Δ͜ͱ͚ͩͲ… • ௕͍ιϧτ͸ϋογϡؔ਺ʹೖྗ͢Δσʔλͷ৘ใྔΛ૿΍͢ɻ • ৘ใྔ͕૿͑ΔͱিಥΛى͜͠΍͘͢ͳΔ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ • Ұൠతʹ࢖༻͞ΕΔϋογϡؔ਺͸͜ͷ༷ͳʮ͍ۙσʔλʢι ϧτ͕ಉ͡Ͱݩσʔλ෦෼͚͕ͩҧ͏σʔλʣʯ͕িಥ͠ʹ͘ ͍༷ʹઃܭ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ • 20จࣈఔ౓ɺͱ͔ɺ26จࣈఔ౓ɺͱ͔͍Ζ͍ΖݴΘΕ͍ͯΔɻ

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ • ϋογϡͱ҉߸͸ҧ͏Αɻ • ϋογϡ΍҉߸Λ࢖͏࣌͸ɺͳͥͦΕΛ࢖͏͔ɺ ͳͥͦͷ൑அΛ͢΂͖͔Λߟ͑Α͏ɻ • ϋογϡΛ࢖͏৔߹͸… • ඞͣɺιϧτΛ෇͚Α͏ɻ • ඞͣɺিಥͯ͠΋ྑ͍͔Λߟ͑Α͏ɻ

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ʮύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽʯͱ͔  ೉͍͠ͱ͜Ζ͸͍͍ͨͯ  ಄͍͍ਓ͕ߟ͑ͯ࢓૊ΈΛ ࡞ͬͯ͘Ε͍ͯΔ

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ڊਓͷݞʹ৐Ζ͏

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ͨͩ͠

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த਎Λཧղͤͣʹ ͳΜͱͳ͘࢖͏ͷ͸࠷ѱ

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ҙຯ͕ແ͍͚ͩͳΒྑ͍͕ɺ ͔ͤͬ͘ߟ͑ΒΕͨ࢓૊ΈΛ ࡴ͢͜ͱʹ΋ͳΓಘΔ

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ࣗ෼͸ԿΛ͍ͨ͠ͷ͔ Drupal͸ԿΛ༩͑ͯ͘Ε͍ͯΔͷ͔ ͪΌΜͱཧղͯ͠ɺਖ਼͘͠࢖͓͏

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ͦͯ͠…

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͜ͷखͷ ʮಛఆͷ੡඼ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍஌ࣝʯ͸ ΤϯδχΞͷ݂ͱͳΓ೑ͱͳΓɺ ΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ੜ͖͍ͯͨ͘Ίͷ ྗʹͳΔ

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ʮྗ͕…ཉ͍͔͠…ʯ

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