Presented by: Michael Dabydeen (@firelinks) 

WHY IPV6 • The world is running out of Internet Address. • IPv4 has been officially exhausted. • “On 31 January 2011, the last two unreserved IANA /8 address blocks were allocated to APNIC according to RIR request procedures. This left five reserved but unallocated /8 blocks” 

INTERNET ADDRESSES?? • Unique addressing system to identify each node (endpoint) on the Internet. • Called IP Addresses 

CURRENT ADDRESSING SYSTEM (IPV4) • Designed in the 70’s & 80’s • Represented by the Decimal system • Denoted by dot notation Example: 192.168.2.1 Represented in Binary as blocks of 8 bits 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 8bits x 4 blocks = 32 bits 

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CURRENT ADDRESSING SYSTEM (IPV4) • Controlled by IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority • 32 bit Internet Addressing System • Maximum Number of Address  2 ^ 32 Address = 4, 294, 967, 296 total Address • Address are further divided by Regions  AFRINIC - African Internet Information Centre  ARIN – American Registry for Internet Numbers  APNIC – Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre  RIPE NCC - Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre  LACNIC - Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre  Guyana Registry 

PROBLEM? Internet began exponential growth. In 1996, foresight indicated that the internet will at some point run out of internet address. 

SOLUTION? Build a bigger Internet Space OR Find ways to deal with the current one  Subnetting  CIDR Notation  Netmasks  Network Address Translation (NAT) 

BETTER SOLUTION? Build a bigger Addressing Space Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) 

ADOPTION On June 6th 2011, the world did a test run of IPv6. On June 6th 2012, IPv6 was officially launched, and some of the world top vendors are currently using it. Adoption is slow, but eventually we will all be migrated to IPv6 How do you think this will affect us? 

ENTER IPV6 Larger Address System for Internet Address 128 bit Addressing system Built to accommodate 2^128 Addresss or  340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses 340 Trillion Trillion  79 trillion trillion more than IPv4  7 billion people on Earth / About 51 Trillion Trillion IP per perso on earth 

FEATURES OF IPV6  Stateless Autoconfiguration  Anycast neighbour discovery  Plug and Play  Multicast  One to many broadcast 

ADDRESSING  16 bit hexadecimal representation  Blocks are seperated by colons ( : ) instead of dots .  Hex is not case sensitive  Zero in an address are almost meaningless and can be replaced by double colons (: : )  2001:0db8:0000:130F:0000:0000:087c:140B 2001:0db8:0:130F::087c:140B 

ADDRESSING CONTINUED CIDR Still exists Represented in IPv4 192.168.2.1/24 Represented in IPv6 2001:0db8:0:130F::087c:140B /48 

IMPORTANT THINGS Loopback Address 127.0.0.1 – IPv4 ::1 or 0:0: 0:0:0:0:0:1 – IPv6 Wildcard Address 0.0.0.0 – IPv4 :: or 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 – IPv6 

CONCLUSION  IPv6 address the exhaustion of internet address  By providing a larger 128 bit addressing system instead of 32bits  Or 3.4 Trillion Trillion Address  IPv6 is much improved in quality of IP Addresses  IPv6 Address are in hexadecimal  8 Blocks of 16 bits each  Zeros in an IPv6 block is almost negligible  IPv6 is currently official and occupies about 1% of the Internet. 

QUESTIONS??? (AND HOPEFULLY ANSWERS) 

CONTACT ME Michael Dabydeen Email : [email protected] Twitter: @firelinks Facebook: fb.com/mdabydeen Web: michaeldabydeen.com