Profiling Erlang Applications using DTrace

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Proﬁling Applications ! using DTrace! ! ! Mark Allen! [email protected]! @bytemeorg! https://github.com/mrallen1! https://speakerdeck.com/mrallen1!

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DTrace Basics What is DTrace?!

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DTrace Basics Dynamic Tracing!

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DTrace Basics "Observability technology"1! 1 DTrace: Dynamic Tracing in Oracle Solaris, Pren(ce Hall, 2nd ed, 2012.

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DTrace Basics Dynamic versus! time_it(Module, Func, Args) -> S = now(), Result = Module:Func(Args), log_elapsed_time(S, now()), Result.

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h2p://tmblr.co/ZqJL4s18SkeBK

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I work at Alert Logic*.! ! I write a lot of Erlang for work and sometimes its nice to know why an application is doing that one thing that seems to talk a long time.! * We're hiring.!

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DTrace Basics DTrace vs. proﬁler!

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DTrace Basics DTrace vs.and proﬁler!

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DTrace Basics DTrace vs. debugger!

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DTrace Basics DTrace vs.and debugger!

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DTrace Basics Applica(on Libraries System Calls Kernel

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DTrace Basics It's turtles all the way down...! h2p://ﬂic.kr/p/aQDPrZ

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DTrace Basics DTrace enabled OSes:! •  Solaris 10+! •  OpenSolarisIllumos! •  SmartOS (Joyent)! •  OmniOS (OmniTI)! •  FreeBSD! •  Mac OS X!

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DTrace Basics What about Linux?!

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DTrace Basics It's Complicated.! Sorry.!

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DTrace Basics DTrace Terms!

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DTrace Basics Provider! ! Manages probes in a subsystem!

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DTrace Basics Provider! ! In our case, this is the application language itself. ! ! (More on this soon)!

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DTrace Basics Probes! ! DTrace ! instrumentation or! "observables"!

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DTrace Basics Consumer! ! A user-mode program! that calls into DTrace!

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D Language Basics D Language Basics!

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D Language Basics D Language Overview! •  awk-like! •  Deﬁne a probe, optional predicate and optional actions in a braced clause! •  Supports BEGIN and END blocks! •  Local variables (this->foo = 42)! •  Aggregate/associative variables (preﬁxed with @)! •  One liner support in the form! dtrace -n 'probe /predicate/ {action}'

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D Language Basics Example!

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D Language Basics #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -qs erlang*:::process-spawn { printf("pid %s mfa %s\n", copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1)); } erlang*:::process-exit { printf("pid %s reason %s\n", copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1)); } erlang*:::process-exit_signal { printf("sender %s -> pid %s reason %s\n", copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1), copyinstr(arg2)); }

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Thanks! Perilous! Live Demo!

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D Language Basics erl shell input

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D Language Basics spawn-‐exit.d output

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D Language Basics Common aggregation functions! •  avg! •  count! •  lquantize (linear)! •  quantize (log - power of 2)! •  sum! •  min! •  max!

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DTrace and Erlang Enabling DTrace! in Erlang!

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DTrace and Erlang Build your own with kerl $ KERL_CONFIGURE_OPTIONS="--with- dynamic-trace=dtrace" \ kerl build R16B03 \ r16b03-dtrace

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DTrace and Erlang Build your own with kerl $ kerl install \ r16b03-dtrace ~ $ ~`whoami`/activate

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DTrace and Erlang Build your own with erlbrew* $ ERLBREW_CONFIGURE_OPTIONS="-- with-dynamic-trace=dtrace" \ erlbrew install R16B03 * I wrote erlbrew because reasons

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DTrace and Erlang erltrace: ! DTrace from inside Erlang! ! https://github.com/project-ﬁfo/erltrace !

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erltrace Write DTrace scripts and process DTrace output from inside Erlang. ! ! Why?! ! •  Push into folsom or ! •  Send an alert to a human that "the thing is happening again"! Might be too expensive depending on environment/load.!

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Intrepreting DTrace Output Interpreting DTrace Output!

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D Language Basics erl shell input

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spawn-‐exit.d output Intrepreting DTrace Output

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#!/usr/sbin/dtrace -qs erlang*:::process-spawn { printf("pid %s mfa %s\n", copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1)); } erlang*:::process-exit { printf("pid %s reason %s\n", copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1)); } erlang*:::process-exit_signal { printf("sender %s -> pid %s reason %s\n", copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1), copyinstr(arg2)); } Intrepreting DTrace Output

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DTrace and Erlang process-spawn! (PID, MFA)

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DTrace and Erlang process-exit! (PID, REASON)

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DTrace and Erlang process-exit_signal! (SEND_PID, RECV_PID, REASON)

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spawn-‐exit.d output Intrepreting DTrace Output

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Thanks! (More) Perilous! Live Demos!

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DTrace and Erlang Erlang DTrace resources:! •  $ERL_INSTALL/ runtime_tools-*/examples! •  http://www.erlang.org/ doc/apps/runtime_tools/ DTRACE.html! •  http://vimeo.com/33999876!

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Resources DTrace resources: •  http://dtracehol.com/#Intro •  http://dtrace.org/guide/preface.html •  http://dtracebook.com/index.php/ Languages •  http://www.amazon.com/dp/0132091518 •  European Union RELEASE project whitepaper: http://release- project.softlab.ntua.gr/documents/ D2.2.pdf

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Thanks! Thank you!!

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DTrace and Erlang Appendix:! Erlang DTrace Probes!

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DTrace and Erlang message-send (local)! (SEND_PID, RECV_PID, SIZE, LABEL, PREV_TOKEN_CNT, CURRENT_TOKEN_CNT) PIDs are strings to DTrace, not ints!

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DTrace and Erlang message-send_remote! (SEND_PID, RECV_PID, SIZE, LABEL, PREV_TOKEN_CNT, CURRENT_TOKEN_CNT) ! PIDs are strings to DTrace, not ints!

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DTrace and Erlang message-send_remote! (SEND_PID, NODE_NAME, RECV_PID, SIZE, LABEL, PREV_TOKEN_CNT, CURRENT_TOKEN_CNT) ! PIDs are strings to DTrace, not ints!

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DTrace and Erlang message-queued! message-receive! (RECV_PID, SIZE, Q_LEN, TOKEN, PREV_TOKEN_CNT, CURRENT_TOKEN_CNT) ! PIDs are strings to DTrace, not ints!

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DTrace and Erlang copy-struct! (SIZE)

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DTrace and Erlang copy-object! (RECV_PID, SIZE)

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DTrace and Erlang local-function_entry! global-function_entry! function-return! (PID, MFA, DEPTH)

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DTrace and Erlang bif-entry! bif-return! nif-entry! nif-return! (PID, MFA)

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DTrace and Erlang gc_major-start! gc_minor-start! (PID, NEEDED_HEAP_WORDS)

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DTrace and Erlang gc_major-end! gc_minor-end! (PID,RECLAIMED_SPACE)

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DTrace and Erlang process-spawn! (PID, MFA)

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DTrace and Erlang process-exit! (PID, REASON)

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DTrace and Erlang process-exit_signal! (SEND_PID, RECV_PID, REASON)

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DTrace and Erlang process-exit_signal_remote! (SEND_PID, NODE_NAME, RECV_PID, REASON, TOKEN, PREV_TOKEN_CNT, CURR_TOKEN_CNT)

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DTrace and Erlang process-scheduled! process-hibernate! (PID, MFA)

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DTrace and Erlang process-unscheduled! (PID)

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DTrace and Erlang process-port_unblocked! (PID, PORT)

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DTrace and Erlang process-heap_grow! process-heap_shrink! (PID, OLD_SIZE, NEW_SIZE)

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DTrace and Erlang dist-monitor! (NODE_NAME, EVENT_TYPE, MONITORED_NODE_NAME, NODE_TYPE, REASON)

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DTrace and Erlang dist-port_busy! (NODE_NAME, PORT, REMOTE_NODE_NAME, BLOCKED_PID)

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DTrace and Erlang dist-output! dist-outputv! (NODE_NAME, PORT, REMOTE_NODE, BYTE_CNT)

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DTrace and Erlang dist-port_not_busy! (NODE_NAME, PORT, REMOTE_NODE)

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DTrace and Erlang port-open! (PID, PORT_NAME, PORT)

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DTrace and Erlang port-command! (PID, PORT, PORT_NAME, CMD_TYPE)

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DTrace and Erlang port-control! (PID, PORT, PORT_NAME, CMD_NUM)

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DTrace and Erlang port-exit! (PID, PORT, PORT_NAME, REASON)

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DTrace and Erlang port-connect! (PID, PORT, PORT_NAME, NEW_PID)

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DTrace and Erlang port-busy! port-not_busy! (PORT)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-init! (NAME, MAJOR, MINOR, FLAGS)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-ﬁnish! (NAME)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-start! driver-stop! driver-ﬂush! (PID, NAME, PORT)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-stop! (PID, NAME, PORT)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-output! driver-outputv! (PID, PORT, PORT_NAME, BYTES)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-control! driver-call! (PID, PORT, PORT_NAME, CMD, BYTES)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-event! driver-ready_input! driver-ready_output! driver-timeout! driver-ready_async! driver-process_exit! driver-call! (PID, PORT, PORT_NAME)

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DTrace and Erlang driver-stop_select! (DRVR_NAME)

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DTrace and Erlang aio-pool_add! aio-pool_get! (PID, Q_LEN)

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DTrace and Erlang eﬁle_drv-entry! (THREAD_ID, DRV_TAG, USER_CMD, CMD_NUM, STR_ARG0, STR_ARG1, INT_ARG0, INT_ARG1, INT_ARG2, INT_ARG3, PORT_ID)

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DTrace and Erlang eﬁle_dvr-int_entry! eﬁle_dvr-int_return! (THREAD_ID, DRV_TAG, CMD_NUM)

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DTrace and Erlang eﬁle_dvr-return! (THREAD_ID, DRV_TAG, USER_TAG, CMD_NUM, SUCCESS_BOOL, ERRNO)

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DTrace and Perl Make your own DTrace probes in Erlang by using ! ! dyntrace:p()! ! Comes with the standard install.!

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DTrace and Erlang user_trace-n0 .. user_trace-n950! (PID, USER_TAG, INT_ARG0, INT_ARG1, INT_ARG2, INT_ARG3, STR_ARG0, STR_ARG1, STR_ARG2, STR_ARG3)

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DTrace and Erlang