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Application The UI is an

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who am i? Ben Smithett Front End Dev @ @bensmithett / bensmithett.com

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I know nothing about PHP

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complex application In 2015, a web app’s user interface is a

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web designer The UI used to be the domain of the

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More complex interactivity Ajax Preprocessors & build tooling

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Front end developer The UI is now the domain of the

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javascript The language of UI development is

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• Application logic: written in JS • Routing: written in JS • Templates: compiled by JS • CSS: pre- and post-processed by JS • Build tooling: powered by JS • Compile-to-JS languages: …it’s all JS

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all the way down UI development for the web is JavaScript

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app models controllers views

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app models controllers views

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app models controllers views config routes

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app models controllers views config routes API pages

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config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages

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config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages assets

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config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages assets images

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config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages assets images icons sprites

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins javascripts

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins javascripts models controllers views

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins javascripts models controllers views templates

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins javascripts models controllers views templates router

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins javascripts models controllers views templates router js app routes

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins javascripts models controllers views templates router js app routes vendor

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assets webfonts config routes API pages app models controllers views API pages images icons sprites stylesheets vars mixins javascripts models controllers views templates router js app routes vendor tooling

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this is insane!

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a first class citizen Today’s frameworks don’t treat the UI as

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“real” application code Today’s frameworks don’t treat the UI as

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There has to be a better way…

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API app config api endpoint routes models controllers tooling back end tests deployment ui app images stylesheets webfonts config vars mixins functions javascripts models controllers views templates router vendor tests asset pipeline

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browser PHP api APP static host javascript UI APP

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• Load JS ﬁle • Make API request • Generate initial HTML

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No content

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break your javascript Network conditions, browser extensions and plain old bugs can (and will)

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real html Search engine crawlers prefer

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browser PHP api APP static host javascript UI APP

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browser PHP api APP node.js javascript UI APP

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browser PHP api APP node.js javascript UI APP

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browser PHP api APP node.js javascript UI APP

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browser PHP api APP node.js javascript UI APP real

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browser PHP api APP node.js javascript UI APP real static host javascript UI APP

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browser PHP api APP node.js javascript UI APP real static host javascript UI APP

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Embracing JavaScript as the language of UI development enables a focused, DRY codebase and a slick, yet fault- tolerant, end user experience.

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templates & styles You’re probably not authoring in JavaScript

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template? What is a

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" + "

" + "Hello " + name + "!" + "

" + "

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function A template is a Data in. HTML string out.

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function template (name) { return "

" + "

" + "Hello " + name + "!" + "

" + "

" }

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Hello {{ name }}!

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function template (name) { return "

" + "

" + "Hello " + name + "!" + "

" + "

" }

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embedded languages & logic-less templates Different kinds of string templates:

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embedded language template - php

Welcome to ! Wrong conference!

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embedded language template - ERB

<% if @conference == "DPC" %> Welcome to <%= @conference %>! <% else %> Wrong conference! <% end %>

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embedded language template - EJS

<% if (conference === "DPC") { %> Welcome to <%= conference %>! <% } else { %> Boooo <% } %>

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<% if @conference == "DPC" %>

DPC Speakers

<%= speaker.name %>

<% elsif @conference && @conference.name %> No speakers found for <%= @conference.name %>! <% end %>

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posts.* FROM $wpdb->posts, $wpdb->postmeta WHERE $wpdb->posts.ID = $wpdb->postmeta.post_id AND $wpdb->postmeta.meta_key = 'tag' AND $wpdb->posts.post_status = 'publish' ORDER BY $wpdb->posts.post_date DESC "; $pageposts = $wpdb->get_results($querystr, OBJECT); ?>

Posted in |

Not Found

Sorry, but you are looking for something that isn't here.

Source: Wordpress Codex

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logic-less templates! We revolted against the spaghetti code enabled by embedded language templates No more logic allowed in Views!

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Welcome to {{conference}}!

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Are a lie Logic-less templates

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DPC Speakers

{{speaker_name}}
No speakers found!

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hamstrung languages We’re writing our views with

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Is string templating useful in 2015?

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Welcome to {{conference}}!

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Unread: {{unread_message_count}}

Send message:

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stateful The DOM is

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String templates aren’t the best tool for expressing UI structure in web apps.

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No content

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pure javascript React components are written in

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React.createClass({ render () { return ( React.createElement('div', {}, React.createElement('h1', {}, “Hi DPC!” ) ) ) } })

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React.createClass({ render () { return ( React.createElement('div', {}, React.createElement('h1', {}, “Hi DPC!” ) ) ) } }) //

// Hi DPC! //

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React.createClass({ render () { return (

Hi DPC!

) } })

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React.createClass({ render () { return (

Hi DPC!

) } }) React.createElement('div', {}, React.createElement('h1', {}, “Hi DPC!” ) )

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{name}
No speakers found!

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the virtual dom abstracts away the hard work of syncing your views with the stateful DOM

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virtual dom

Unread: 4

Send message:

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virtual dom real dom

Unread: 4

Send message:

Unread: 3

Send message:

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virtual dom real dom

Unread: 4

Send message:

Unread: 3

Send message:

document.querySelector('#count').innerHTML('4') minimum possible imperative update

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fewer moving parts fewer things to learn No template engine required

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const Header = React.createClass({ render () { return (

Hi DPC!

) } }) React.renderToString() // "

Hi DPC!

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tightly coupled View logic & structure are

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Favorite this $('.fav').on('click', function (event) { Api.favorite(event.target.id) })

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Favorite this $('.fav').on('click', function (event) { Api.favorite(event.target.id) })

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const FavButton = React.createClass({ handleClick () { Api.favourite(this.props.id) }, render () { return ( Favorite this ) } })

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pure javascript components Replace templates & separated logic with

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css What about

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everybody uses a preprocessor

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i ❤

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.btn { color: #f00; width: 200px; } .btn:hover { background: #00f; } .col-1 { width: 8.33333%; } .col-2 { width: 16.66667%; }

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.btn { color: #f00; width: 200px; } .btn:hover { background: #00f; } .col-1 { width: 8.33333%; } .col-2 { width: 16.66667%; } .btn { color: $red; width: 200px; &:hover { background: $yellow; } } @for $i from 1 through 12 { .col-#{$i} { width: 100% / ($i * 12); } }

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variables conditionals loops functions math string manipulation JavaScript already has

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objects with keys & values JavaScript great for working with

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var myStyles = { color: colors.red, backgroundColor: signedInUser ? colors.green : colors.grey, backgroundImage: CDNPathFor('forest_bg.png'), width: Math.round(document.body.offsetWidth / 2) + 'px' }

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var totalCols = 12 var gridColClasses = {} for (var i = 1; i <= totalCols; i++) { gridColClasses['col-' + i] = { width: ((100 / totalCols) * i) + '%' } }

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var totalCols = 12 var gridColClasses = {} for (var i = 1; i <= totalCols; i++) { gridColClasses['col-' + i] = { width: ((100 / totalCols) * i) + '%' } }

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import createGrid from 'grid' var gridStyles = createGrid(12)

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mature fully featured well understood JavaScript is a more language than the CSS preprocessors

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real css… … great, but browsers still need

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inline styles

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No content

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why not use inline styles? • Because it isn’t DRY!

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don’t write the same html twice! How to not repeat yourself:

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var Thumb = React.createClass({ render () { return (

) } })

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var Thumb = React.createClass({ render () { return (

) } })

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var thumbStyles = { border: '2px solid #0f0', height: '100px', width: '100px', float: left } var Thumb = React.createClass({ render () { return (

) } })

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var thumbStyles = { border: '2px solid #0f0', height: '100px', width: '100px', float: left } var Thumb = React.createClass({ render () { return (

) } })

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don’t write the same html twice! No, really…

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why not use inline styles? • Because it isn’t DRY!  It can be, if you stop writing the same HTML multiple times

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why not use inline styles? • Because it isn’t DRY!  It can be, if you stop writing the same HTML multiple times • Performance?

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why not use inline styles? • Because it isn’t DRY!  It can be, if you stop writing the same HTML multiple times • Performance?  Maybe… but probably not enough for you to worry about!

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But CSS syntax is kinda nice…

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PostCSS + Autopreﬁxer

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react-style var styles = StyleSheet.create` .foo { color: red; background-color: white; } ` github.com/js-next/react-style

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github.com/css-modules

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import styles from './profile.css'; var Profile = React.createClass({ render() { return