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Layered Architecture ͱ Widget Tree ΅ͨ΋ͪ(Twitter: @bot6rice) I/O Extended Japan 2021 - Flutter on Jun 22, 2021 Building a desktop design language with Flutter

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ࣗݾ঺հ • ΅ͨ΋ͪ • Twitter: @bot6rice • ຊۀ • αʔόʔαΠυΤϯδχΞ • Python / Go / AWS … • Flutter • ࡢ೥12݄͔ΒݸਓͰ • Flutter Osaka

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I/O Extended Japan 2021 - Flutter 1. Recapping Google I/O - ηογϣϯͷ֓ཁ 2. Layered Architecture 3. Widget Treeʢ3ͭͷTreeߏ଄ʣ 4. StatefulWidget ͷਖ਼ମ 5. ·ͱΊ

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1. Recapping Google I/O

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Building a desktop design language with Flutter Todd Volkert (Engineering Manager) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6PpxO7R0gM

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Session֓ཁ • ൴͕14೥લʹ։ൃͨ͠σεΫτοϓɾΞϓϦΛFlutterͰ࠶ݱ • SpinnerΛMaterial DesignͰ࠶ݱ͢ΔͱΤϥʔ͕ൃੜ • SpinnerͳͲWidgetΛࣗ࡞͠Α͏ʂʢ͜ΕΛChicago DesignͱݺͿʣ • Chicago DesignͷCustom LayoutΛͲ͏ίʔσΟϯά͢Δ͔Λ঺հ

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Chicago Design App Spinner Session֓ཁ

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Custom Layoutʹඞཁͳ Layered Architecture ͱ 3ͭͷTreeΛཧղ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͱ ޙ൒͔ΒʮԿݴͬͯΔͷʁʯঢ়ଶ…😇

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Layered Archͱ3ͭͷTreeߏ଄Λղઆ💪

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2. Layered Architecture

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Flutter͸͍͔ͭ͘ͷLayerʹ෼͚ͯઃܭ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢

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Layered Architecture Rendering Widget Material Cupertino dart:ui

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dart:ui Layer Rendering Widget Material Cupertino dart:ui • Flutter Framework͔ΒFlutterΤϯδϯ Λར༻͢ΔLayer • Canvas, RawϨϕϧͷςΩετϨϯμ ϦϯάͳͲΛѻ͏ • ͜ͷLayerͰΞϓϦΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ͱ͢Δ ͱɺεΫϦʔϯ৘ใͳͲ͔ΒϨΠΞ΢τ ͷ࠲ඪ΍഑ஔΛܭࢉ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍

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dart:ui Layer Rendering Widget Material Cupertino Foundation Animation Painting Gestures 👈 ͷΑ͏ʹهࡌ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ΋ɻ ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτ https:// f lutter.dev/docs/resources/architectural-overview

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Rendering Layer Rendering Widget Material Cupertino dart:ui • Layout Abstraction: ϨΠΞ΢τΛந৅Խ͠ ͨLayer • dart:ui LayerͰ͸࠲ඪܭࢉͷͨΊͷίʔσΟ ϯά͕ඞཁ͕ͩͬͨɺ͜ͷLayerͰͦΕΛ ѻ͍ͬͯΔ • RenderObject TreeΛѻ͏Layer • RenderObjectͷcreateͱupdateͰ֤ʑϩ δοΫΛίʔσΟϯάΛ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍

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Widget Layer Rendering Widget Material Cupertino dart:ui • Composition Abstraction: Ϙλϯ΍ς ΩετͳͲͷߏ੒Λந৅Խͨ͠Layer • Widget TreeΛѻ͏Layer • ը໘Λߋ৽͍ͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ͸Widget Tree Λ৽ͨʹ࡞Ε͹͍͍ͷͰɺRendering LayerͷΑ͏ʹcreateͱupdateΛؾʹ͢ Δඞཁ͕ͳ͍

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Material / Cupertino Layer Rendering Widget Material Cupertino dart:ui • Design languageͷLayer • Material Design ΍ Cupertino DesignΛ Ϣʔβʔ͕؆୯ʹίϯτϩʔϧͰ͖ΔΑ ͏ʹͨ͠Layer • Widget LayerΛݩʹ͍ͯ͠Δ

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⚠ I/OͷηογϣϯͰ͸Layer͕ҟͳ͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ ಉηογϣϯͰΦεεϝ͞Ε͍ͯͨ ಈըͷLayerͰ঺հ͍͖ͤͯͨͩ͞·ͨ͠ɻ ࢀߟ: The Mahogany Staircase - Flutter’s Layered Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkyY9WCGMi0&t=143s

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Widget Tree ʢ3ͭͷTreeߏ଄ʣ

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Rendering Widget • Widget TreeΛߏ੒͢ΔLayer • Rendering LayerΛݩʹߏ੒͞ΕΔ • Layer Abstraction: ϨΠΞ΢τͷѻ͍Λந৅Խ • RenderObject TreeΛߏ੒͢ΔLayer Treeʹؔ࿈ͯ͠ਂ۷Γ͠·͢💪 Layered Architecture

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݁࿦ • Widgetʹฒߦ͢ΔܗͰ3ͭͷTree͕࡞ΒΕΔ • Widget Tree • Element Tree • RenderObject Tree • TreeͷΠϯελϯε͕࡞ΒΕΔॱ൪: Widget → Element → RenderObject • Widget͸ImmutableʢෆมʣͳͷͰ ը໘ͷߋ৽࣌ʹຖ౓ஔ͖׵ΘΔ • RenderObject͸MutableʢมߋՄʣͳͷͰՄೳͳݶΓ࠶ར༻͞ΕΔ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Property৘ใ ʢྫ: RichTextͷtextͳͲʣ Widget΍RenderObjectΛ ؅ཧ αΠζ΍ϨΠΞ΢τɺ ඳࣸʹؔͯ͠ͷ৘ใΛ࣋ͭ (ྫ: Paddingͷchildͱpaddingͷ αΠζͳͲ) PublicͷAPI

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runApp ؔ਺͔ΒԿ͕ى͖͍ͯΔ͔ݟ͍͖ͯ·͢👀

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center (Root widget) Widget Treeͷrootʹ Center WidgetͷΠϯελϯε͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ

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Widget createElementʹΑΓElement͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center (Root widget) SingleChildRender ObjectElement WidgetͷcreateElementϝιουʹΑΓ Element͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ

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Element createRenderObjectʹΑΓRenderObject͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ

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Widget ࡞ΒΕΔͷ͸ RenderPositionedBox

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center (Root widget) Render PositionedBox SingleChildRender ObjectElement Element͔Βwidget.createRenderObject͕ ݺ͹Εੜ੒͞ΕΔ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center (Root widget) Render PositionedBox RichText MultiChild RenderObject Element RenderParagraph (Text: Hello World!) SingleChildRender ObjectElement ࢠʹରͯ͠΋ಉ༷ʹ Widget → Element → RenderObject͕ ࡞ΒΕͯ “Hello World!” ͕දࣔ✌

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ը໘ߋ৽࣌ͷTreeͷมԽ runAppΛ2ճݺΜͰΈΔ🔔🔔

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͜ͷ࣌Flutter͸TreeͷΠϯελϯεΛͰ͖ΔݶΓ ࠶ར༻͠Α͏ͱ͢Δɻ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center (Root widget) Render PositionedBox RichText MultiChild RenderObject Element RenderParagraph (Text: Hello World!) SingleChildRender ObjectElement Center (Root widget) RichText NEW Widget͸ImmutableͳͷͰ શऔͬସ͑͞ΕΔ

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runtimeType ͸ɺ͜͜Ͱ͸ Center ΍ RichText Element ΍ RenderObject͕࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ͔֬ೝɻ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center (Root widget) Render PositionedBox RichText MultiChild RenderObject Element RenderParagraph (Text: Hello World!) SingleChildRender ObjectElement canUpdate͸ trueͳͷͰ Elementͱ RenderObject͸ ࠶ར༻͞ΕΔ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center (Root widget) Render PositionedBox RichText MultiChild RenderObject Element RenderParagraph (Text: Hello Flutter!) SingleChildRender ObjectElement updateRenderObject͕ݺ͹Εͯը໘͕ߋ৽͞ΕΔɻ RichTextͷtext͕RenderObjectʹ౉͞Εͯจࣈ͕มΘΔɻ

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ͪΐͬͱ଴ͬͯԼ͍͞ʂʂ✋

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ԿઍɺԿສͱWidget͕͋ͬͨͱ͖ʹ 1ݸͷWidgetͷมԽͷͨΊ͚ͩʹ Widget Tree͕શऔͬସ͑͞ΕΔͷͬͯඇޮ཰͡Όͳ͍ʁ🤔

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ͦ͜Ͱ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷ͕ͪ͜Βʂ

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StatefulBuilder Ͱ͢ʂʂ

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StatefulWidgetͷਖ਼ମ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulBuilder (builder: return Foo) SingleChildRender ObjectElement Foo StatefulElement

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulBuilder (builder: return Foo) SingleChildRender ObjectElement Foo StatefulElement StatefulBuilder ͸ ɾchildΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ʢ࣋ͭͷ͸builder callbackؔ਺ͷฦΓ஋ʹΑΓٙࣅతʹchildΛ࣋ͭʣ ɾRenderObjectΛ࣋ͨͳ͍

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulBuilder (builder: return Foo) SingleChildRender ObjectElement Foo StatefulBuilder FooElement RenderFoo ඇಉظॲཧͰStatefulBuilder͔ΒFoo͕ฦ͞ΕΔͱ Widget → Element → RenderObject ͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔɻ ʢ࿷ۂͨ͠໼ҹ͸ݫີͳchildͰͳ͍͜ͱΛࣔ͢ʣ

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͞ΒʹඇಉظॲཧͰBar͕ฦ͖ͬͯͨ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulBuilder (builder: return Bar) SingleChildRender ObjectElement Foo StatefulElement FooElement RenderFoo Bar ஔ͖׵ΘΔWidget͸FooͱͦͷChild / ChildrenͷΈʂ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulBuilder (builder: return Bar) SingleChildRender ObjectElement Bar StatefulElement BarElement RenderBar

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ͱ͜ΖͰɺStateʹ͢Δม਺͸Ͳ͏อ࣋͢Δ΂͖͔…🤔 builder Callbackͷ֎Ͱม਺Λએݴ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍͠ ͔ͱݴͬͯάϩʔόϧม਺ʹ࣋ͨͤΔͱεέʔϧ͠ͳ͍ͳ͊

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💡 ͦ͏ͩʂ ElementʹState΋builder callback΋࣋ͨͤͯ͠·͓͏ʂ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulBuilder (builder: return Foo) SingleChildRender ObjectElement Foo StatefulBuilder FooElement RenderFoo State ElementʹStateΛ࣋ͨͤͯ…

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulBuilder SingleChildRender ObjectElement StatefulElement FooElement RenderFoo State builder callback ͞Βʹbuilder callback΋࣋ͨͤΔ Foo

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Μʁ😳 ͜ͷ࢓૊ΈͲ͔͜ͰݟͨΑ͏ͳ…

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ͦ͏Ͱ͢ʂ StatefulWidget ͷ࢓૊Έͦͷ΋ͷͰ͢ʂ

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Widgetͷ createState ͰState࡞ͬͯΔ͠

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StateͷPropertyͱͯ͠ม਺એݴΛ͢Δ͠

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StateͷதͰbuild CallbackΛఆٛͯ͠Δ͠ʂ

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Widget Tree Element Tree RenderObject Tree Center Render PositionedBox StatefulWidget SingleChildRender ObjectElement StatefulElement FooElement RenderFoo State builder callback Foo StatefulWidget͸Treeͩͱ͜ͷ෦෼ʹ֘౰

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ͳͷͰ StatefulWidget಺Ͱը໘ͷߋ৽͕ൃੜͯ͠΋ Widget TreeͷऔΓସ͑͸࠷খݶʂ👏

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StatelessWidget ߟ͑ํ͸ StatefulWidget ͱಉ͡ɻ State ͕ແ͍ͷͰClass͕1ͭʹͳͬͨɻ ʢbuild Callback͸݈ࡏʣ

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ • FlutterͷLayered ArchitectureͱTreeߏ଄Λ஌ΔͱɺDesign LanguageΛࣗ ࡞Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ • Layerʹ͸ dart:ui, Rendering, Widget, Material / Cupertino ͕͋Δ • Treeʹ͸ Widget Tree, Element Tree, RenderObject Tree͕͋Δ • StatefulWidgetͷState͸Element͕؅ཧ͍ͯͨ͠

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΋ͬͱৄ͘͠ How Flutter renders widgets When to Use Keys The Mahogany Staircase Flutter’s Layered Design ࠓ೔ͷ಺༰͕ΑΓৄ͘͠ղઆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻdart:ui Layer͔Βͷ࣮૷ͷ࿩͸Ұڵɻ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkyY9WCGMi0 StatefulWidgetͷElement Tree͕ཧղͰ͖͍ͯΕ͹ɺཧղ͠΍͍͢ɻ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kn0EOS-ZiIc Treeͷجຊతͳղઆɻ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=996ZgFRENMs

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HAPPY CREATING!! 👋