Real World Migration from HTTP to gRPC #CNDT2020

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC ͱ͸ Google ੡ͷ high performance ͳ RPC framework w 3FNPUF1SPDFEVSF$BMM 31$ w DMJFOU͕ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠SFNPUFTFSWFS্Ͱؔ਺ݺͼग़͕͠ॲཧ͞Εͯ݁Ռ͕ฦ͞ΕΔ w )551Λ௨৴ϓϩτίϧͱͯ͠ར༻ w 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTΛαʔϏεఆٛʢTFSWFSͰ࣮૷͞Εͨ ؔ਺ͷܕʣͷهड़ʹར༻ H31$ͷެࣜEPDVNFOUΑΓҾ༻

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. HTTP/2 ͱ͸ ޮ཰తͳ Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) w (PPHMF੡41%:QSPUPDPM͕ݩʹͳͬͯඪ४Խ w 5SBOTQPSUΛޮ཰Խ͢Δ͍ͭ͘΋ͷ༏ΕͨػೳଟॏԽɺϔομѹॖɺFUD H31$ͷIJHIQFSGPSNBODFʹߩݙ IUUQTEFWFMPQFSTHPPHMFDPNXFCGVOEBNFOUBMTQFSGPSNBODFIUUQΑΓҾ༻

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. Protocol Buffers ͱ͸ Google ੡ IDL + ίϯύΠϥ + serialization library w *OUFSGBDF%FpOJUJPO-BOHVBHF *%- αʔϏεఆٛΛهड़͢ΔͨΊͷಠࣗݴޠ w *%-ͰαʔϏεఆٛΛهड़͢Δͱɺ1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTίϯύΠϥʢQSPUPDʣ͕ ޮ཰తͳTFSJBMJ[BUJPOͷҝͷίʔυΛࣗಈੜ੒ w αʔϏεఆٛ͸"1*4DIFNBͱͯ͠ͷ໾ׂΛՌͨ͢ 4DIFNB%SJWFO%FWFMPQNFOUͰߴ͍ੜ࢈ੑΛ࣮ݱՄೳ API Schema = proto ϑΝΠϧ 4FSWFS։ൃ $MJFOU։ൃ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͰ͸௨৴ latency ͷӨڹ͕େ͖͍ w ௨৴૬ख͕૿͑Δ΄Ͳɺ௨৴MBUFODZʢಛʹUBJMMBUFODZʣͷӨڹΛड͚΍͘͢ͳΔ w ྫϚΠΫϩαʔϏεؒ௨৴͕ͷ֬཰Ͱ஗͘ͳΔέʔεΛߟ͑Δ w ݸͷϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͱ௨৴͢Δ৔߹શମͱͯ͠͸ͷ֬཰Ͱ஗͍ w ݸͷϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͱ௨৴͢Δ৔߹શମͱͯ͠͸ͷ֬཰Ͱ஗͍ w ࣮ࡍʹUBJMMBUFODZͷد༩Ͱ஗͘ͳͬͯΔϚΠΫϩαʔϏε͕ଘࡏͨ͠ w ྫଞͷϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͱͷ௨৴MBUFODZ͕ࢧ഑తͳϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͰ BWFSBHFSFTQPOTFUJNFNTʹରͯ͠UJMFSFTQPOTFUJNF͕ NT ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεؒ௨৴ͷUBJMMBUFODZվળ͕ඞཁͱ͞Ε͍ͯͨ ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεʹ͓͚Δ௨৴ latency ͷ໰୊

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. Protocol Buffers ͷԸܙΛҰ෦ͷνʔϜͷΈ͕ڗड w ݩʑɺҰ෦νʔϜͰ͸1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTΛϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͷ"1*4DIFNBͱͯ͠ར༻ 4DIFNB%SJWFO%FWFMPQNFOUͰߴ͍ੜ࢈ੑΛ࣮ݱ ՝୊2 CVJMEFSTDPOUPLZPl8FC"1*ʹடংΛ༩͑Δ1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTl w ͔͠͠ɺ1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTPWFS)551Ͱ͸ʮQBZMPBEΛMJCSBSZ͔Βར༻ͮ͠Β͍ʯ ͳͲ͍͔ͭ͘໰୊͋Γ ࣾ಺શମʹ͸1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTΛ޿͛ͮΒ͍ঢ়گͩͬͨ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC ͷύϑΥʔϚϯεΛ։ൃ༻ k8s cluster Ͱݕূ w ݩʑɺຊ൪LTDMVTUFSͱ΄΅ಉ͡ߏ੒ͷLTDMVTUFS͕։ൃ༻్ͱͯ͠ଘࡏ w ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͷίʔυΛH31$Λར༻͢Δ΋ͷ΁ͱॻ͖׵͑ͯ-BUFODZΛܭଌ 2-1. ݕূ ຊ൪LTDMVTUFS )551ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε )551 H31$ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε ։ൃ༻LTDMVTUFS 5SZH31$

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺL4 load-balancer ͸ෆద੾ w H31$͸)551Λ׆༻ͯ͠ʮҰ౓ཱ֬ͨ͠MPOHMJWFEͳ5$1DPOOFDUJPOΛԿ౓΋ SFRVFTUʹར༻͢Δʯલఏͷઃܭ w -MPBECBMBODFS͸5$1DPOOFDUJPOཱ֬ͷෛՙ෼ࢄ͔͠ߦΘͳ͍ͨΊɺH31$Ͱ͸ USB⒏Dͷෛՙ෼ࢄ͕͏·͘ߦΘΕͳ͍ Load Balancing ௨৴૬ख͕ݻఆ͞ΕΔ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. Monitoring gRPC server ͷϞχλϦϯάΛͲ͏࣮ݱ͢Δ͔ʁ => gRPC interceptor Λར༻ w H31$JOUFSDFQUPSΛར༻͢ΔࣄͰɺʮH31$SFRVFTUSFTQPOTFͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧʹ NFUSJDTૹ৴ͳͲͷ೚ҙͷॲཧΛࠩ͠ࠐΉʯ͜ͱ͕Մೳ $MJFOUH31$JOUFSDFQUPST $MJFOU 4FSWFSH31$JOUFSDFQUPST 4FSWFS 3FRVFTU 3FTQPOTF

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. ͳͥϢʔβʔαʔϏεΛબΜͩͷ͔ʁ ಛ௃: trafﬁc ͕ଟ͘ low latency ͕ඞཁ w ଟ͘ͷϚΠΫϩαʔϏε͔Βར༻͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊUSB⒏D͕ଟ͍ w Ϣʔβʔ͔ΒͷSFRVFTUॲཧͰಉظతʹSFRVFTU͞ΕΔέʔεଟ਺MPXMBUFODZ͕ඞཁ H31$ಋೖʹΑΔΠϯύΫτ͕ݦஶʹݱΕΔ͜ͱ͕ظ଴ग़དྷΔ ϢʔβʔαʔϏε Ϣʔβʔͷઃఆ஋΍ϓϩϑΟʔϧͷऔಘɾߋ৽

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. k8s objects Λ 2 ηοτ༻ҙ w ύϑΥʔϚϯεಛੑͳͲ͕ҧ͏ͷͰɺ%FQMPZNFOUͱ)1"Λݸผʹ༻ҙ w )5513VCZPO3BJMTTFSWFS͕ىಈ͢Δ%FQMPZNFOU)1"4FSWJDF w H31$H31$TFSWFS͕ىಈ͢Δ%FQMPZNFOU)1"4FSWJDF w $MJFOUଆͰ௨৴ઌIPTU໊ LT4FSWJDF Λ੾Γସ͑ͯ௨৴खஈΛ੍ޚ gRPC ಋೖͷਐΊํ H31$ H31$TFSWFS $MJFOUϚΠΫϩαʔϏε )551 3VCZPO3BJMT

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC ΛҰ෦ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεʹಋೖͨ݁͠Ռ ௨৴෦෼ͷ Latency ͕ܶతʹվળ w ϢʔβʔαʔϏεͱͷ௨৴ͷBWFSBHFMBUFODZ͕SFRVFTU͋ͨΓ໿NTվળ w ౓ͷSFRVFTUॲཧͷதͰϢʔβʔαʔϏε΁Կ౓΋SFRVFTU͢Δέʔε͕ଘࡏ ௨৴ͷBWFSBHFMBUFODZ͕਺े਺ඦͷܶతվળ e.g. ϢʔβʔαʔϏε௨৴෦෼ͷ average latency ͕ 153ms ͔Β 45ms ʹ 240% վળͨ͠ྫ HTTP/1.1 gRPC

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC ΛҰ෦ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεʹಋೖͨ݁͠Ռ શͯͷॲཧΛؚΉ response time ΋ݦஶʹվળ w ϢʔβʔαʔϏεͱͷ௨৴͕ଟ͍FOEQPJOU͸ɺશମͷSFTQPOTFUJNF΋ܶతʹվળ w શମͱͯ͠ૣ͘ͳ͚ͬͨͩͰͳ͘ɺʮۃ୺ʹ஗͘ͳΔέʔεʯ͕ܹݮͨ͠ 5BJMMBUFODZվળͷޮՌΛ࣮ײ UJMFSFTQPOTFUJNF HTTP/1.1 gRPC e.g. 99%tile response time ͷϐʔΫ͕ 5,000ms ͔Β 1,900ms ʹ 3,000ms Ҏ্վળͨ͠ྫ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. Ͳ͏΍ͬͯ proto ϑΝΠϧΛڞ༗͢Δ͔ʁ w खಈ$PQZ1BTUFʁ ෳ਺SFQPTJUPSZΛ੔߹ੑΛอͬͯߋ৽͠ଓ͚Δͷ͕೉͍͠ w QSPUPϑΝΠϧΛࣗಈμ΢ϯϩʔυ͢ΔػߏΛ༻ҙ͢Δʁ ֤ϨϙδτϦͷ։ൃऀ͕ίʔυੜ੒Λߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋ΓɺQSPUPDWFSTJPO΍ QMVHJOͷ༗ແͳͲɺ։ൃऀؒͷ؀ڥͷҧ͍ʹۤ͠Ή ͦ͜Ͱɺcentral repository Λ༻ҙͨ͠ εΩʔϚ؅ཧ = proto ϑΝΠϧ؅ཧ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. “apis” repository ΛͲ͏ར༻͢Δͷ͔ʁ “apis” ͷ CI ύΠϓϥΠϯͰίʔυੜ੒͕ߦΘΕΔ w 3VCZ (P 1ZUIPO /PEFKTͦΕͧΕͷݴޠ޲͚ͷίʔυΛQSPUPϑΝΠϧ͔Βੜ੒ w ੜ੒͞Εͨίʔυ͸֤ݴޠͷ1BDLBHF.BOBHFSͰ഑৴ FH#VOEMFS (P.PEVMFT FUD w ։ൃऀ͕ࣗ෼Ͱίʔυੜ੒Λߦ͏ඞཁ͕ͳ͍ঢ়ଶΛ࣮ݱ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. “servicex” ͱݺ͹ΕΔࣾ಺ڞ௨ library Λར༻ w ݩʑɺ)551ͷ࣌୅͔ΒʮͲͷϚΠΫϩαʔϏε͔Β΋ڞ௨Ͱ࢖ΘΕΔػೳʯΛ TFSWJDFYͰఏڙ͖ͯͨ͠H31$։ൃΛศརʹ͢ΔMJCSBSZ΋TFSWJDFYͰఏڙ w TFSWJDFY͸֤ݴޠ޲͚ʹଘࡏ w 3VCZ (P 1ZUIPO ϥΠϒϥϦ͸Ͳ͏͍ͬͨܗͰ੔උͨ͠ͷ͔ʁ ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε" ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε# ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε$ lTFSWJDFYz

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC server ։ൃͷͨΊͷ grpc-server ίϚϯυ w H31$TFSWJDFDMBTT͸ࣗಈͰIBOEMFSͱͯ͠ొ࿥ w H31$JOUFSDFQUPS΋ඞཁͳ΋ͷ͸ࣗಈͰઃఆ w 3VCZPO3BJMTͷΑ͏ͳ)PUSFMPBEJOHػೳΛఏڙ w ։ൃऀ͸ɺH31$TFSWJDFDMBTTͷ࣮૷ʹूதߴ͍ੜ࢈ੑΛ࣮ݱ “servicex-ruby” ͷػೳ $ bundle exec grpc-server handling /grpc.health.v1.Health/Check with # handling /grpc.health.v1.Health/Watch with # handling /wantedly.users.UserService/ListUsers with # . . . gRPC server starting... * Listening on tcp://0.0.0.0:6046 * Environment: development

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC client ͷͨΊͷ Servicex::Grpc.stub_for w H31$JOUFSDFQUPSͱͯ͠ඞཁͳ΋ͷ͸ࣗಈͰઃఆ w 6TFS"HFOU΋ࣗಈͰઃఆ w ։ൃऀ͸ʮH31$ͷ࢖͍ํʯΛؾʹ͢Δࣄͳ͘ɺϩδοΫͷ࣮૷ʹूதߴ͍ੜ࢈ੑ # NOTE: Load UsersPb::UserService from apis require "wantedly/users/users_services_pb" grpc_server_url = “xxx” client = Servicex::Grpc.stub_for( UsersPb::UserService, grpc_server_url, ) client.get_user(UsersPb::GetUserRequest.new(…)) “servicex-ruby” ͷػೳ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. Pb: Protocol Buffers ͷར༻Λ؆୯ʹ͢Δ utility w 1CΛར༻͢ΔࣄͰQSPUPCVGPCKFDUΛ؆୯ʹ࡞੒Մೳ w ྫ͑͹ɺ4USJOH͔ΒUJNFTUBNQΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞੒͢Δ͜ͱ͕Մೳ [1] pry(main)> Pb.to_timestamp("2019-05-15T00:00:00+09:00") => 8JUIl1Cz [1] pry(main)> Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new( [1] pry(main)* seconds: Time.parse("2019-05-15T00:00:00+09:00").to_i [1] pry(main)* ) => 8JUIPVUl1Cz “servicex-ruby” ͷػೳ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. “grapi” + “servicex-go” Λར༻ w HSBQJH31$HSQDHBUFXBZߏ੒ͷ"1*TFSWFS޲͚DPEFHFOFSBUPSMJCSBSZ 044 w H31$TFSWFS୯ಠར༻΋Մೳ w TFSWJDFYHPHSBQJͷਪ঑ઃఆH31$JOUFSDFQUPS౳Λఏڙ͢Δࣾ಺ڞ௨MJCSBSZ Go ͷ gRPC ։ൃ؀ڥ (P$POGFSFODF4QSJOH lHSBQJ#VMEJOH+40/"1*TFSWFSXJUIHSQDHBUFXBZGPSNJDSPTFSWJDFTz

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. Go ͷ gRPC ։ൃ؀ڥ package main import ( ... "github.com/izumin5210/grapi/pkg/grapiserver" "github.com/wantedly/servicex-go/v2/pkg/servicex" "github.com/wantedly/servicex-go/v2/pkg/grpcx" "github.com/wantedly/spath/to/server" ) func InitializeGrapiServerEngine(ctx context.Context) (*grapiserver.Engine, error) { userServiceServer := server.NewUserServiceServer(ctx) engine := grapiserver.New( grpcx.WithDefault(), grapiserver.WithServers(userServiceServer), ) return engine, nil } func run() error { ctx := context.Background() defer servicex.Close() s, err := InitializeGrapiServerEngine(ctx) if err != nil { return fail.Wrap(err) } return s.ServeContext(ctx) }

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. “servicex-python” ͱ͍͏ࣾ಺ڞ௨ library Λར༻ w lHSQDYzQBDLBHFͱͯ͠HSQDY4FSWFSDMBTTͳͲͷVUJMJUZΛ༻ҙ w ։ൃऀ͸ɺH31$TFSWJDFDMBTTͷ࣮૷ʹूதߴ͍ੜ࢈ੑΛ࣮ݱ Python ͷ gRPC ։ൃ؀ڥ import servicex.grpcx as grpcx class UserService(users_pb2_grpc.UserServiceServicer): ... server = grpcx.Server( port=os.getenv("APP_GRPC_PORT", "3000"), max_workers=10, grpc_services=[ grpcx.ServiceInfo( name=users_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.services_by_name['UserService'].full_name, adder=users_pb2_grpc.add_UserServiceServicer_to_server, servicer=UserService(), ) ] ) server.run()

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. gRPC client ։ൃʹ͸ grpc package Λ௚઀ར༻ w 1ZUIPO͸.-ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͱͯ͠຤୺Ͱͷར༻͕ଟ͍ H31$DMJFOUར༻͸গͳ͘VUJMJUZͷχʔζ͸গͳ͍ w χʔζ͕૿͑ͨλΠϛϯάͰࣾ಺ڞ௨MJCSBSZԽͷ༧ఆ Python ͷ gRPC ։ൃ؀ڥ from grpc.experimental import aio class UsersService: def __init__(self) -> None: self.base_url = ... async def get(self, user_id: int) -> users_pb2.User: async with aio.insecure_channel(target=self.base_url) as channel: stub = users_pb2_grpc.UserServiceStub(channel) req = users_pb2.GetUserRequest(...) res = await stub.GetUser(req, timeout=2) return res.user #SPXTFS H31$ 1ZUIPO.-ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. Node.js ੡ Backend for Frontend (BFF) Ͱ gRPC client Λར༻ w 6UJMJUZMJCSBSZΛར༻͢ΔࣄͰɺH31$DMJFOUΛར༻ͨ͠։ൃΛޮ཰Խ w lBQJTOPEFzͰܕఆٛϑΝΠϧΛੜ੒ͯ͠5ZQF4DSJQUͷ੩తܕݕࠪʹ׆༻ Node.js ͷ gRPC ։ൃ؀ڥ /PEFKT#'' (SBQI2- H31$ )551 #SPXTFS import { UserServiceClient, IUserServiceClient, } from "@wantedly_private/apis-node/path/to/users_pb"; import { serviceClientCreator } from "../../utils/grpc/"; export class UserService extends serviceClientCreator( UserServiceClient, “127.0.0.1:3000”, ) {}

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. લఏ: ։ൃνʔϜʹ gRPC ͷར༻Λڧ੍͸ग़དྷͳ͍ w ։ൃνʔϜ͸ͦΕͧΕ͕ʮࣗ෼ͨͪͷ࠾༻͢Δٕज़ελοΫʯΛબఆ 3-2. ࣾ಺΁એ఻ͯ͠޿͍͛ͯ͘ Infra (k8s, gRPC, etc.) ։ൃ νʔϜ A w ج൫ΛUPPMMJCSBSZͱͯ͠ఏڙ w LTͷ֦ு౳ʢFHDVTUPNDPOUSPMMFSʣ w ϓϩμΫτΛ։ൃ w ࣗ෼ͨͪͰٕज़બఆ ։ൃ νʔϜ B ։ൃ νʔϜ C

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. ϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͷύϑΥʔϚϯε͕վળग़དྷͨ w H31$͕޿͘ར༻͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨࣄͰɺଟ͘ͷFOEQPJOUͰԸܙΛड͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ Protocol Buffers Λར༻ͨ͠։ൃ͕޿͕ͬͨ w H31$͕޿·ͬͨ݁Ռɺଟ͘ͷ։ൃऀ͕1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTΛར༻͢ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃͷԸܙΛड͚ΒΕΔػձ͕૿͑ͨ gRPC ͕޿·ͬͨ݁Ռ

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©2020 Wantedly, Inc. ύϑΥʔϚϯε΍։ൃੜ࢈ੑͷ؍఺Ͱ gRPC ʹண໨ w ՝୊)551ͷ௨৴MBUFODZ w ՝୊1SPUPDPM#V⒎FSTʹΑΔ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ޲্ͷԸܙ͕Ұ෦νʔϜʹݶఆ ૉૣ͘ಋೖ͠։ൃ؀ڥ੔උΛߦ্ͬͨͰར༻Λ޿͛ͨ w Ұ෦ͷϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͰH31$Λૉૣ͘ݕূɾಋೖ w ϝϦοτૌٻ΍ࣾ಺ษڧձͱͱ΋ʹ஍ಓʹίʔυΛมߋ͠ɺࣾ಺ʹ޿Ίͨ ͦͷ݁Ռ gRPC ͸޿͘࢖ΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ w ଟ਺ͷϚΠΫϩαʔϏεͰH31$͕ར༻͞ΕͯύϑΥʔϚϯε͕վળ w ଟ਺ͷ։ൃऀ͕H31$Λར༻͢ΔࣄͰɺ૊৫શମͱͯ͠։ൃੜ࢈ੑ͕޲্ ·ͱΊ

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