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Digital Wellbeing Redefined: Toward User-Centric Approach for Positive Social Media Engagement Research Forum Track

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6.64 billion smartphone users worldwide (80%+) 230 billion downloads in 2021 worldwide Avg American spends over 5h/day on mobile devices Avg American checks phone 96 times/day, or once every 10min 2 Source: Statista, ZIPPIA

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6.64 billion smartphone users worldwide (80%+) 230 billion downloads in 2021 worldwide Avg American spends over 5h/day on mobile devices Avg American checks phone 96 times/day, or once every 10min 3 Source: Statista, ZIPPIA Is this a good thing?

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4 Digital Addiction Missing Present moment Unlocking phone without realizing it Mindless scrolling Absorbed in short videos Obsessed with “likes” ……

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5 Digital Wellbeing Solutions

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6 Digital Wellbeing Solutions Focus on Reducing use (assuming it’s bad)

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7 Connecting with family and friends Staying Informed with useful information Uplifting content that makes you smile J …… Positive Social Media

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8 The problem is not using social media, but not using social media in the way you intend to Get lost in a rabbit hole…

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9 Ideal Reality I’ve had a long day, I’ll watch my favorite YouTuber for a bit and go to bed happily… Wait whaaaaat? How is it 2AM already??!! Where did my time go??

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Redefinition of Digital Wellbeing a harmonious alignment between a user’s intentions and their digital behaviors to enhance long-term wellbeing. 10

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11 PauseNow: Personalized, adaptive, user- centric iNtervention for digital well-being

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Example Use Case 15

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In this emerging domain… Whare are the key requirements? 16

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Context-Aware User-Centric To reflect both inter- and intra-individual differences 1.

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Self-Awareness Healthy Habits Lack of awareness leads to auto-pilot habitual tendencies (e.g., driven by recommendation algorithms) 2.

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Self-Awareness Healthy Habits Lack of awareness leads to auto-pilot habitual tendencies (e.g., driven by recommendation algorithms) 2.

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Offer Alternatives Beyond Devices Encourage real-world social interactions and favorite activities based on user preferences 3.

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User Control vs. Machine Autonomy Proper granularity of control tailored to user preferences 4.

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User Control vs. Machine Autonomy Proper granularity of control tailored to user preferences 4. SwitchTube CHI 2023

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Habituation Effect Needs to be mitigated for the intervention to remain fresh and engaging 5.

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Habituation Effect Needs to be mitigated for the intervention to remain fresh and engaging 5.

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Future Directions Address key requirements Automate user preference elicitation for enhanced long-term engagement Multimodal AI algorithms to better understand the user’s change of context …… 25

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26 The problem is not using social media, but not using social media in the way you intend to Get lost in a rabbit hole…

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Mindful Digital Usage harmonious alignment between Intentions & Behaviors 27

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Digital Wellbeing Redefined: Toward User-Centric Approach for Positive Social Media Engagement Research Forum Track Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction Behavioral Sciences

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Thanks! PauseNow: https://tinyurl.com/pausenow2024 Email: [email protected] LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/yixue-zhao/ Twitter/X: @yixue_zhao 29