Save the Web: Decentralize!

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Agenda ❏ The web is dying ❏ What is to be done? ❏ Code is law

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web is Dying

dunglas.fr - @dunglas What’s the Web?

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web of 2020

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web, as Designed « The Web is intended to be an Internet-scale distributed hypermedia system […]. The Internet is about interconnecting information networks across multiple organizational boundaries. »
 - Roy T. Fielding,
 Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures, 2000

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web, as Designed decentralized

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web of Today centralized

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web of Today ❏ GAFAM represent 36% of French Internet time (Mediametrie) ❏ Amazon is the leader in cloud computing (50% market share), in e-commerce (AWS, 50% ms) and live-streaming (Twitch, 75% ms) ❏ Facebook is the leading social network (70% ms) and also owns Instagram, WhatsApp and Giphy ❏ GitHub (Microsoft) is the leading development platform and most free projects depend of it ❏ Google (70% ms) and Apple (30% ms) are the leaders for mobile OS

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Technology is Political

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Giving Marginalized Groups a Voice « [While creating the web], I realized that the web technology had to be universal to work for any type of computer, but also any language, genre, or culture. » - Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the web

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web is Political! « Exchange [on the Internet] occurs without the networks knowing the content of the data, or without any true idea of who in real life the sender of a given bit of data is. This code is neutral about the data, and ignorant about the user. These features of TCP/IP have consequences for the "regulability" of behavior on the Internet. They make regulating behavior difficult. » - Lawrence Lessig, Code Is Law, 2000

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web is Political! « [It] is especially important enabling women, the poor, and other marginalized groups to access the web and the opportunities for social and economic empowerment Internet access provides » - Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the web

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Centralization is Harmful for Our Communities!

dunglas.fr - @dunglas

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Threats coming With Centralization Two main kind of threats: ❏ Mass Surveillance ❏ Censorship 
 Two main kind of actors: ❏ Governments ❏ Tech Giants

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Centralization and Mass Surveillance

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web of Today centralized

No content

No content

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Centralization and Censorship

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The « Hate » Law (« loi Avia ») ❏ Social networks must remove « clearly illegal » content in less than 24H ❏ Terrorist propaganda and child pornography must be removed in less than 1H ❏ Fine of 200K€ for any content not deleted ❏ No judge involved, no call ❏ Current status: found unconstitutional (on hold)

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Example: Video of a Police Brutality Shot by a Journalist in my City

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Official Reply from the Police:

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Do You See the Problem Now? ❏ The original tweet containing the video isn’t available anymore ❏ With the « hate » law, police could be judge and party, and force the removal of police brutality recordings ❏ A new bill is being discussed (« loi Ciotti »), it could make illegal the publication of police brutality videos

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Do You See the Problem Now? This guy is a cop speaking out racism in the police.

dunglas.fr - @dunglas This tweet is still available through Tor Browser btw… Tor is a useful highly political piece of software.

dunglas.fr - @dunglas And It’s Not Only About Twitter ❏ Facebook blocks the pages of the Kurdish organizations fighting ISIS (because asked to by Turkey) ❏ GitHub (MS) blocks all Iranian users, including famous OSS contributors (NuxtJS Core Team…) ❏ GitHub (MS) banned Tsunami Democràtic's source code (pro Catalan-independence)

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web of Today centralized

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Code is Law These laws can be easily enforced
 only because
 the web isn’t decentralized anymore!

dunglas.fr - @dunglas What Is To Be Done?

dunglas.fr - @dunglas So What to Do? ❏ Organize! ❏ Refuse! ❏ Code!

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Organize

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Organize

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Refuse

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Refuse ❏ Centralization, mass surveillance, censorship, racist IA, … exist only because people code them. Refuse to do it! ❏ Work in companies where you decide, not your boss, not the stockholders: worker-owned cooperatives

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Code Is Law!

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Code Is Law « The code regulates. It implements values, or not. It enables freedoms, or disables them. It protects privacy, or promotes monitoring. People choose how the code does these things. People write the code. » - Lawrence Lessig, Code Is Law, 2000

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Let’s Code! decentralized centralized

dunglas.fr - @dunglas The Web / Linked Data Random GAFAM tech Origin Scientific community, to serve humanity Serve their business Data access « Internet as a global database » Centralized information silos Interoperability Global and built-in Usually none, sometimes partial Best suited for Decentralized and Distributed systems Public APIs (« Open Data ») The World Wide Web Centralized systems Internal APIs

dunglas.fr - @dunglas High level protocols (ActivityPub, Solid, Mercure…) HTTP(S) Vocabularies and ontologies (schema.org, ActivityStreams, DublinCore…) RDF (JSON-LD, Turtle) IRI / URI (aka URL) (in the web, everything is identified by an IRI) Use The Web Stack: It IS Decentralized!

dunglas.fr - @dunglas A RDF Graph using URIs and Open Vocabularies short for http://schema.org

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Example: ActivityPub

dunglas.fr - @dunglas ActivityPub ❏ A decentralized social network protocol ❏ A web standard published by the W3C ❏ Built on top of the web stack:
 URI, HTTP, JSON-LD (RDF) ❏ Uses the ActivityStreams open vocabulary (another W3C standard)

dunglas.fr - @dunglas

dunglas.fr - @dunglas // POST https://social.example/alyssa/outbox { "@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams", "type": "Create", // Not possible with a centralized tech "to": ["https://chatty.example/ben/"], // reference to an external organization "actor": "https://social.example/alyssa/", "object": { "type": "Note", "id": "https://social.example/alyssa/posts/49e2d03d-b53a-4c4c-a95c-94a6abf45a19", "attributedTo": "https://social.example/alyssa/", "to": ["https://chatty.example/ben/"], "content": "Say, did you finish reading that book I lent you?" } }

dunglas.fr - @dunglas ActivityPub Apps ❏ : federated social network (Twitter-like) ❏ Mobilizon: federated events system (Meetup-like), by Framasoft ❏ PeerTube: federated video-streaming service (YouTube-like) ❏ NextCloud: federated file sharing service (Dropbox-like) The current state of the decentralized web: the-federation.info

dunglas.fr - @dunglas We Need More Apps: Give Us Tools!

dunglas.fr - @dunglas API Platform ❏ REST and GraphQL framework written in PHP ❏ Built-in support for JSON-LD and vocabularies ❏ Battery included:
 persistence, filters, authorization, admin UI, React and VueJS app generation, real-time push (Mercure), HTTP/2 Server Push (Vulcain)….

dunglas.fr - @dunglas API Platform Schema Generator 3 ❏ Brand new version (alpha) ❏ Import any vocabulary (RDF or OWL):
 schema.org, ActivityStreams, DublinCore… ❏ Generate a full PHP data model, and even a web API ❏ classes, properties (with types), getters and setters, PHPDoc ❏ Doctrine annotations ❏ validation constraints ❏ API Platform annotations! github.com/api-platform/schema-generator #204

dunglas.fr - @dunglas API Platform ActivityPub ❏ Published today (alpha) ❏ Build apps supporting ActivityPub in minutes! ❏ Add ActivityPub support to any existing
 API Platform or Symfony app ❏ 100% customizable ❏ Compatible with all API Platform features ❏ State of the art PHP / API Platform github.com/api-platform/activity-pub

dunglas.fr - @dunglas Going Further ❏ Solid: decentralized web, true data ownership, privacy ❏ IPFS: distributed web protocol (p2p) ❏ Scuttlebot: p2p log store (distributed) ❏ Introducing the Dweb (Mozilla) ❏ Distributed HTTP (Mark Nottingham) ❏ The web began dying in 2014, here’s how (André Stalz) ❏ The world needs more search engines (cliqz) ❏ The open web is dying (Tony Perez)

Don’t Mourn,
 Organize! dunglas.fr