🇬🇧 React Advanced London 2023

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! • THE 20TH OF OCTOBER, 2023. Hello, London 👋 🇬🇧

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! 🤯 MATHEUS ALBUQUERQUE • @ythecombinator

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This talk presents… ↝ The Past & The Future ↝ Islands Architecture ↝ Resumability ↝ Streaming SSR + Selective Hydration ↝ React Server Components ↝ Closing Thoughts

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INTERMISSION: Hydration HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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#definition 🧐 Hydration is the process of attaching behavior to declarative content to make it interactive. — WHY PROGRESSIVE HYDRATION IS HARDER THAN YOU THINK, BY MIŠKO HEVERY

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↝ ASSOCIATE DOM ELEMENTS WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING EVENT HANDLERS ↝ ONCE A USER EVENT TRIGGERS A HANDLER, WE NEED TO UPDATE THE STATE ↝ ONCE THE STATE UPDATES, THE FRAMEWORK NEEDS TO RECREATE THE COMPONENT HIERARCHY HYDRATION: CHALLENGES 🤯

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HYDRATION: ISSUES INITIAL REQUEST HTML ARRIVES VIEW PAINTED JAVASCRIPT ARRIVES JAVASCRIPT IS PARSED — RESUMABILITY, WTF?, BY RYAN CARNIATO 0 100

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GET HTML DOWNLOAD JS PARSE + EXECUTE JS RECOVER STATE + BIND LISTENERS 🟢 FAST (USUALLY) HYDRATION: ISSUES

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GET HTML DOWNLOAD JS PARSE + EXECUTE JS RECOVER STATE + BIND LISTENERS 🔴 SLOW (ON BAD NETWORK CONDITIONS) HYDRATION: ISSUES

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GET HTML DOWNLOAD JS PARSE + EXECUTE JS RECOVER STATE + BIND LISTENERS 🔴 SLOW (DEPENDING ON THE DEVICE AND AMOUNT OF JAVASCRIPT) HYDRATION: ISSUES

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GET HTML DOWNLOAD JS PARSE + EXECUTE JS RECOVER STATE + BIND LISTENERS 🔴 SLOW (DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF DOM NODES TO BE TRAVERSED AND REFERENCES TO BE RE-BOUND TO LISTENERS) HYDRATION: ISSUES

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Islands Architecture HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! 1993 1998 2008 2017 2021 2022 2020

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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↝ SELECTIVELY, PROGRESSIVELY ENHANCING BITS OF SERVER-RENDERED HTML WITH CLIENT-SIDE JS ↝ SMALL, FOCUSED, CHUNKS OF INTERACTIVITY WITHIN SERVER-RENDERED WEB PAGES ↝ SINGLE APPLICATION IN CONTROL OF FULL-PAGE RENDERING → MULTIPLE ENTRY POINTS ISLANDS ARCHITECTURE

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↝ THE SCRIPT FOR THE ISLANDS CAN BE DELIVERED AND HYDRATED INDEPENDENTLY, ALLOWING THE REST OF THE PAGE TO BE JUST STATIC HTML ↝ MORE SPECIFICITY AROUND HOW THE ENHANCEMENT OCCURS ISLANDS ARCHITECTURE

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↝ STANDALONE: Astro, Iles, Qwik, Marko, Nano JSX, Capri ↝ PREACT: Fresh, preact-island, microsite ↝ SOLIDJS: Solid Start, isolid ↝ SVELTE: Elder.js ISLANDS ARCHITECTURE

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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↝ STREAMING RENDERING + AUTOMATIC PARTIAL HYDRATION + COMPILER ↝ AUTOMATIC PARTIAL HYDRATION ALLOWS INTERACTIVE COMPONENTS TO HYDRATE THEMSELVES ↝ HYDRATION CODE IS ONLY SHIPPED FOR INTERACTIVE COMPONENTS ISLANDS ARCHITECTURE (WITH MARKO) 🤯

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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↝ BY DEFAULT, SHIPS ZERO JAVASCRIPT ↝ EVERY ISLAND IS LOADED IN PARALLEL ↝ MULTI-FRAMEWORK: BUILD ISLANDS WITH REACT, PREACT, SVELTE, VUE, AND OTHERS ↝ YOU CAN SPECIFY THE LOADING STRATEGY FOR EACH ISLAND INDIVIDUALLY ISLANDS ARCHITECTURE (WITH ASTRO)

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🟢 REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF JAVASCRIPT CODE SHIPPED TO THE CLIENT 🟢 FASTER PAGE LOADS AND TIME TO INTERACTIVE (TTI) 🟢 KEY CONTENT IS AVAILABLE ALMOST IMMEDIATELY TO THE USER 🟢 STATIC CONTENT IS RENDERED ON THE SERVER = PAGES ARE SEO-FRIENDLY GREAT 🟡 HIGHLY INTERACTIVE PAGES WOULD PROBABLY REQUIRE THOUSANDS OF ISLANDS NOT GREAT ISLANDS ARCHITECTURE

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Resumability HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! 1993 1998 2008 2017 2020 2021 2022

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#hotTake 🌶 A considerable part of the modern isomorphic landscape is built on the back of libraries that weren't initially created for server rendering.

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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#question 🤔 What if frameworks were built on SSR in the first place?

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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OPA LANGUAGE 🤯

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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#definition 📖 Resumability is about pausing execution in the server and resuming execution in the client without having to replay and download all of the application logic. — RESUMABLE VS. HYDRATION, QWIK

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↝ SOME WORK → PAUSE → RESUME ↝ USE WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE EXECUTION ON THE SERVER AND AVOID EXTRA WORK WHEN THE APPLICATION STARTS IN THE BROWSER ↝ ATTACHES GLOBAL EVENT HANDLERS AT STARTUP AND THEN ONLY RUNS THE NECESSARY CODE ON INTERACTION RESUMABILITY

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↝ EVENT HANDLER CREATION HAPPENS BEFORE THE EVENT IS TRIGGERED (EAGER) ↝ ALL POSSIBLE EVENT HANDLERS ARE CREATED AND REGISTERED (SPECULATIVE) ↝ CLIENT REDOES WORK ↝ REQUIRES THE FRAMEWORK TO DOWNLOAD AND EXECUTE THE COMPONENTS TO FIGURE OUT HIERARCHY HYDRATION ↝ EVENT HANDLER CREATION HAPPENS AFTER THE EVENT IS TRIGGERED (LAZY) ↝ ONLY TRIGGERED EVENTS ARE CREATED AND REGISTERED (AS-NEEDED) ↝ CLIENT DOESN'T REDO WORK (VIA DESERIALIZATION) ↝ REQUIRES ALL THE INFORMATION TO BE SERIALIZED IN THE HTML RESUMABILITY HYDRATION VS. RESUMABILITY

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↝ CLIENT REDOES WORK ↝ ISLAND-LEVEL ISLANDS ↝ CLIENT DOESN'T REDO WORK ↝ SUB-COMPONENT LEVEL (SMALLER) RESUMABILITY HYDRATION VS. RESUMABILITY 🤯

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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🟢 STARTUP PERFORMANCE 🟢 RENDERING PERFORMANCE (ONLY CHANGED COMPONENTS NEED TO BE RE-RENDERED) 🟢 FINE-GRAINED LAZY-LOADING 🟢 PROGRESSIVE INTERACTIVITY GREAT 🟡 *PRELOAD CRITICAL PAGE INTERACTIONS 🟡 THE ONLY OPTION FOR DEVELOPERS TO LEVERAGE RESUMABILITY IS TO USE QWIK 🟡 TOO LITTLE DISCUSSION AVAILABLE ON THE IDEA NOT GREAT RESUMABILITY

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#hotTake 🌶 Qwik is an example of the outside of the box thinking that is sometimes required on the web.

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Streaming SSR + Selective Hydration HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! 1993 1998 2008 2017 2020 2021 2022

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION IN REACT: BEFORE ↝ HYDRATION COULD ONLY BEGIN AFTER THE ENTIRE DATA WAS FETCHED AND RENDERED ↝ USERS COULDN’T INTERACT WITH THE PAGE UNTIL HYDRATION WAS COMPLETE FOR THE WHOLE PAGE ↝ PARTS OF YOUR APP THAT LOAD FAST WOULD ALWAYS HAVE TO WAIT FOR THE SLOW ONES

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FETCHING DATA (SERVER) RENDERING HTML (SERVER) LOADING CODE (CLIENT) HYDRATING TIME TO FIRST BYTE FIRST CONTENTFUL PAINT TIME TO INTERACTIVE HYDRATION IN REACT: BEFORE

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TIME TO FIRST BYTE FIRST CONTENTFUL PAINT TIME TO INTERACTIVE […] FETCHING DATA (SERVER) RENDERING HTML (SERVER) HYDRATING LOADING CODE (CLIENT) […] […] […] […] […] […] STREAMING SSR + SELECTIVE HYDRATION

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↝ REACT PRIORITIZES HYDRATING THE PARTS THAT THE USER INTERACTED WITH BEFORE THE REST ↝ COMPONENTS CAN BECOME INTERACTIVE FASTER BY ALLOWING THE BROWSER TO DO OTHER WORK AT THE SAME TIME AS HYDRATION STREAMING SSR + SELECTIVE HYDRATION

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↝ REACT WON'T WAIT FOR HUGE COMPONENTS TO LOAD TO CONTINUE STREAMING HTML FOR THE REST OF THE PAGE ↝ WHEN THE HTML BECOMES AVAILABLE ON THE SERVER, IT WILL BE ADDED TO THE SAME STREAM ALONG WITH A SCRIPT TAG AND INSERTED IN THE RIGHT PLACE STREAMING SSR + SELECTIVE HYDRATION

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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React Server Components HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! 1993 1998 2008 2017 2020 2021 2022

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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↝ AHEAD-OF-TIME REACT RENDERING (DURING THE BUILD OR ON THE SERVER) ↝ A ROUTING PARADIGM INTEGRATED WITH DATA FETCHING AND BUNDLING ↝ UNRELATED TO SSR/HYDRATION REACT SERVER COMPONENTS

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↝ ALMOST IDENTICAL TO HOW ISLANDS WORK ↝ “use client” MARKS A BOUNDARY BETWEEN TWO MODULE GRAPHS ↝ EACH COMPONENT DECIDES WHETHER TO BE A SERVER COMPONENT OR TO STICK WITH BEING A SERVER + CLIENT COMPONENT REACT SERVER COMPONENTS

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↝ THE CODE FOR SERVER COMPONENTS IS NEVER DELIVERED TO THE CLIENT ↝ ACCESS TO THE BACK-END FROM THE TREE ↝ MAY BE REFETCHED WHILE MAINTAINING CLIENT- SIDE STATE INSIDE OF THE TREE REACT SERVER COMPONENTS

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REACT SERVER COMPONENTS: BEFORE — RSC FROM SCRATCH. PART 1: SERVER COMPONENTS #5 BY DAN ABRAMOV

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REACT SERVER COMPONENTS: AFTER — RSC FROM SCRATCH. PART 1: SERVER COMPONENTS #5 BY DAN ABRAMOV

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🟡 A LOT OF DATA TO SEND ALONG THE WIRE EVERY SERVER RE-RENDER 🟡 MUCH MORE ORCHESTRATION NEEDED 🟡 STILL EXPERIMENTAL 🟡 ONLY FEW OPTIONS FOR DEVELOPERS TO LEVERAGE RSC NOT GREAT REACT SERVER COMPONENTS 🟢 THE CODE FOR SERVER COMPONENTS IS NEVER DELIVERED TO THE CLIENT 🟢 ACCESS TO THE BACK-END FROM THE TREE 🟢 MAY BE REFETCHED WHILE MAINTAINING CLIENT-SIDE STATE INSIDE OF THE TREE GREAT

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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< ! - - Database, file, and socket access from JavaScript - - > var resultSet = Jaxer.DB.execute("SELECT * FROM myTable"); var newPrice = resultSet.rows[0].price; < ! - - Directly call server-side functions from the browser - - > function getPriceFromServer() { return 42; } Price < ! - - Share validation code on the browser and server - - > function validateCreditCard(number) {} REACT SERVER COMPONENTS (PRIOR ART)

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REACT SERVER COMPONENTS

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION STREAMING SSR ISLANDS RESUMABILITY SELECTIVE HYDRATION RSC CSR SSR STATIC RENDERING INCREMENTAL STATIC GENERATION PROGRESSIVE HYDRATION VIEW TRANSITIONS EDGE RENDERING SPA MPA PARTIAL HYDRATION

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The Future 🔮 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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— ISLANDS & SERVER COMPONENTS & RESUMABILITY, OH MY!, BY RYAN CARNIATO

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ROUTING (& MPAs vs. SPAs)

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HYDRATION

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OKB JAVASCRIPT

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CODE EXTRACTION

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(WHY) IS THE FUTURE

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Closing Thoughts HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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THE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM ONLY CHANGES THE PROBLEM. #1 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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WHILE SEEN AS COMPETITIVE, A LOT OF THESE ARE ACTUALLY COMPLEMENTARY! — RYAN CARNIATO #2 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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THE SAME PATTERN CAN BE BENEFICIAL AND DETRIMENTAL IT IS ALSO QUITE LIKELY THAT DIFFERENT TYPES OF PAGES REQUIRE DIFFERENT RENDERING PATTERNS ON THE SAME WEBSITE. #3 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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APPLICATION HOLOTYPES Portfolio Content Storefront Social Network I m m ersive Holotype Personal Blog CNN Amazon Facebook Figma Interactivity Minimal Linked Articles Purchase Multi-Point, Real-time Everything Session Depth Shallow Shallow Shallow - Medium Extended Deep Values Simplicity Discover-ability Load Performance Dynamicism I m m ersiveness Routing Server Server, HTML Swap HTML Swap, Hybrid Hybrid, Client Client Rendering Static Static, SSR Static, SSR SSR CSR Hydration None Progressive, Partial Partial, Resumable Any None (CSR) Frameworks 11ty Astro, Elder Marko, Qwik, Hydrogen Next, Remix Create React App — PATTERNS FOR BUILDING JAVASCRIPT WEBSITES IN 2022, BY RYAN CARNIATO

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#4 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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IT'S EASY TO THINK WE'RE JUST GOING BACK TO RENDERING HTML ON THE SERVER BUT THESE DAYS THE BOUNDARIES ARE VERY DIFFERENT. #4 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT CONTINUALLY GOES THROUGH CYCLES. WHAT’S DIFFERENT NOW? WHAT’S TURNED INTO LOST ART? #5 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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IT ALL SOUNDS INCREDIBLY COMPLEX! WE'RE ADDRESSING THE UNCERTAINTIES OF THE MODERN WEB WHEN IT COMES TO CONNECTION QUALITY AND CLIENT DEVICE COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITY. #6 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS. #7 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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THIS IS ME, NINE YEARS AGO, PRESENTING ABOUT IONIC AT AN IOS DEVELOPERS MEETUP TELLING THEM THAT ANGULAR WOULD BE THE FUTURE.

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A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS. DON'T ALWAYS TRUST SPECULATIONS AND PREDICTIONS! #7 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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THERE'S NO SILVER BULLET. IDENTIFY YOUR CORE METRICS. ALWAYS TRY TO CORRELATE BUSINESS METRICS WITH PERFORMANCE. #8 HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY!

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HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! ↑ ALL THE LINKS! 🧑🏫 TECHLABS 🐦 @ythecombinator 👨💻 MEDALLIA ⚡ GDE

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THAT’S ALL, FOLKS! THANKS! 👋 🇬🇧 QUESTIONS? ↑ ALL THE LINKS! HYDRATION, ISLANDS, STREAMING, RESUMABILITY… OH MY! MATHEUS ALBUQUERQUE • @ythecombinator