Slide 1

Slide 1 text

The Performance and Usability of Web Fonts Zach Leatherman @zachleat

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

@zachleat zachleat.com

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

No content

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

N C T @

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

N T O F C A F E @ -

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

THE DEFAULT BROWSER BEHAVIOR FOR FONT-LOADING IS HARMFUL TO BOTH THE PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE AND INTEGRITY OF CONTENT ON THE WEB. FONT-LOADING INTEGRITY PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

56% http://httparchive.org/trends.php OF WEB SITES

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

http://httparchive.org/trends.php AVERAGE PAYLOAD 105KB

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

0 350 700 1050 1400 CSS javaScript Images WebFonts TRANSFER SIZE

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

REMOVE AN IMAGE! JAVASCRIPT SIZE? WORRIED ABOUT

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

NOT ALL REQUESTS ARE CREATED EQUAL

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

IMG

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

CSS

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

JavaScript

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

WEB FONT

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

A G EN D A TRIGGER A FONT DOWNLOAD BEHAVIOR WHILE DOWNLOADING 1.   2.  

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

@font-­‐face  {    font-­‐family:  The  Font  that  Could;    src:  url('icanfont.woff2')            format('woff2'),          url('icanfont.woff')            format('woff'),          url('icanfont.otf')            format('opentype');   }

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

WOFF2 WOFF OTF SVG T 2.3–4.3

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

WOFF2 WOFF

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

IS 30% SMALLER THAN WOFF On average across all of Google Fonts: https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/j27Ou4RtvQI/discussion WOFF2

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

    @font-­‐face  {    font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;    src:  url('icanfont.woff2')  format('woff2'),        url('icanfont.woff')  format('woff');   }    

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

No content

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

dAY since last pluralization ERROR 1

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

dAY 0 since last pluralization ERROR

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

IF NOT USED, NOT DOWNLOADED

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

9+

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

     Needs  Content.  

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

8 36+ 23+ 6.1+ 2.3+ 7+ DOWNLOADS WITH EMPTY ATTACHED ELEMENT DOWNLOADS EVERY TIME DOWNLOADS WITH NON-EMPTY ATTACHED ELEMENT 28+ 9+ &

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

RESTRICT TO SPECIFIC CHARACTERS

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

unicode- range

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

BASIC LATIN CODE POINTS Arial Chunk Five x26 & & x41 A A x42 B B x43 C C x2B + + x3F ? ?

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

@font-­‐face  {     font-­‐family:  Ampersand;     src:  url('sands.woff2')  format('woff2'),                url('sands.woff')  format('woff');      unicode-­‐range:  U+26;   } unicode- range

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

Needs  Content.

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

Needs  an  &

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

Needs an _ FALLBACK Web Font

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

unicode- range 36 9+ 23 8+ 2.1+ 8+ ALWAYS DOWNLOADS SMART DOWNLOAD NOT SUPPORTED &

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

Matching Font-Family USED IN DOCUMENT CONTENT FONT-WEIGHT FONT-STYLE ✔ Images courtesy of http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/ ✔

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

    @font-­‐face  {    font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;    src:  url('icanfont.woff2')  format('woff2'),        url('icanfont.woff')  format('woff');      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }    

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

  p  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }    

Roman  Text

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

@font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   } p  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

@font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   } p  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   } ✔

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

100  200  300  400  500  600  700  800  900 FONT-WEIGHT DEFAULT  CSS   font-­‐weight:  normal; DEFAULT  CSS   font-­‐weight:  bold; ‐ ‑ ‑ ‐ Lighter  weights Bolder  weights

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

@font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  500;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  400;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  300;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  200;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  100;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  600;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  700;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  800;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  900;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   /*  REPEAT  THE  SAME,  WITH  font-­‐style:  italic;  */ p  {      font-­‐weight:  500;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

100  200  300  400  500  600  700  800  900 FONT-WEIGHT

‐ ‑ ‐ Lighter  weights Bolder  weights

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

MisMatch weight 600 Available, 100 assigned, FORCED BOLD p  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  100;      font-­‐style:  normal;   } @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  600;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }

Slide 47

Slide 47 text

MISMATCH STYLE ITALIC AVAILABLE, NORMAL ASSIGNED, FORCED ITALIC p  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   } @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  italic;   }

Slide 48

Slide 48 text

@font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  600;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  700;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  800;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  900;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   /*  FAUX  BOLD  */   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  500;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  400;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  300;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  200;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   @font-­‐face  {  font-­‐weight:  100;  font-­‐style:  normal;  }   /*  END  FAUX  BOLD  */   /*  REPEAT  THE  SAME,  WITH  font-­‐style:  italic;  */ p  {      font-­‐weight:  600;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }

Slide 49

Slide 49 text

100  200  300  400  500  600  700  800  900 FONT-WEIGHT

‐ ‑ ‐ Normal/Roman  @font-­‐face Bold  @font-­‐face Faux  Bold

Slide 50

Slide 50 text

MisMatch weight 500 Available, 600 assigned, FAUX BOLD p  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  600;      font-­‐style:  normal;   } @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  500;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }

Slide 51

Slide 51 text

MISMATCH STYLE p  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  italic;   } @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   } NORMAL AVAILABLE, ITALIC ASSIGNED, FAUX ITALIC

Slide 52

Slide 52 text

DISABLE FAUX FONTS WITH FONT-SYNTHESIS

Slide 53

Slide 53 text

No content

Slide 54

Slide 54 text

http://stateofwebtype.com/ STATE OF WEB TYPE

Slide 55

Slide 55 text

  @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐weight:  400;      font-­‐style:  normal;   }    

     Roman  Text      Bold  Text      Bold  Text      Italic  Text      Italic  Text  

Slide 56

Slide 56 text

BE FRUGAL BE

Slide 57

Slide 57 text

BE FRUGAL BUT NOT TOO

Slide 58

Slide 58 text

instagram.com 6 @font-face BLOCKS

Slide 59

Slide 59 text

No content

Slide 60

Slide 60 text

No content

Slide 61

Slide 61 text

No content

Slide 62

Slide 62 text

No content

Slide 63

Slide 63 text

No content

Slide 64

Slide 64 text

Slide 65

Slide 65 text

.page-­‐home  .content  .home-­‐login  i  {      font-­‐style:  normal;   }

Slide 66

Slide 66 text

SAVES 13.4KB FOR EACH EMPTY-CACHE PAGELOAD TO INSTAGRAM.COM

Slide 67

Slide 67 text

i,  cite,  em,  var,   address,  dfn,   strong,  b,  h1,  h2,   h3,  h4,  h5,  h6,  th

Slide 68

Slide 68 text

Matching Font-Family USED IN DOCUMENT CONTENT FONT-WEIGHT FONT-STYLE ✔ Images courtesy of http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/ ✔ ✔ ✔

Slide 69

Slide 69 text

A G EN D A TRIGGER A FONT DOWNLOAD BEHAVIOR WHILE DOWNLOADING 1.   2.  

Slide 70

Slide 70 text

FONT FINISHES LOADING A B FONT IS USED, STARTS LOADING @FONT-FACE IS PARSED

Slide 71

Slide 71 text

FONT FINISHES LOADING A B FONT IS USED, STARTS LOADING @FONT-FACE IS PARSED

Slide 72

Slide 72 text

LOCAL FONT { @FONT-FACE { A B

Slide 73

Slide 73 text

Flash of Invisible Text F O I T

Slide 74

Slide 74 text

FOIT

Slide 75

Slide 75 text

http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141205_VE_STK-r:1-c:0

Slide 76

Slide 76 text

http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141205_VE_STK-r:1-c:0

Slide 77

Slide 77 text

People will visit a Web site less often if it is slower than a close competitor by more than 250 milliseconds.” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/01/technology/impatient-web-users-flee-slow-loading-sites.html “

Slide 78

Slide 78 text

No content

Slide 79

Slide 79 text

No content

Slide 80

Slide 80 text

No content

Slide 81

Slide 81 text

https://twitter.com/zoompf/status/578901383253995520

Slide 82

Slide 82 text

http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141209_AY_Z79-r:1-c:0

Slide 83

Slide 83 text

http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141209_AY_Z79-r:1-c:0

Slide 84

Slide 84 text

http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141209_AY_Z79-r:1-c:0

Slide 85

Slide 85 text

LOCAL FONT { @FONT-FACE { A 3s B

Slide 86

Slide 86 text

Flash of UNSTYLED Text F O U T

Slide 87

Slide 87 text

FOUT

Slide 88

Slide 88 text

IS 3 SECONDS A GOOD TIMEOUT?

Slide 89

Slide 89 text

https://twitter.com/zoompf/status/578901383253995520

Slide 90

Slide 90 text

NOT JUST A PERFORMANCE PROBLEM

Slide 91

Slide 91 text

https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200

Slide 92

Slide 92 text

https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200

Slide 93

Slide 93 text

https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200

Slide 94

Slide 94 text

No content

Slide 95

Slide 95 text

No content

Slide 96

Slide 96 text

LOCAL FONT { @FONT-FACE {

Slide 97

Slide 97 text

FOUT FOIT REVIEW

Slide 98

Slide 98 text

FOIT

Slide 99

Slide 99 text

ABCDEFGH FOIT @FONT-FACE LOAD

Slide 100

Slide 100 text

FOIT to FOUT, 3 seconds

Slide 101

Slide 101 text

3 S ABCDEFGH FOIT to FOUT, 3 seconds

Slide 102

Slide 102 text

3 S ABCDEFGH FOIT to FOUT, 3 seconds @FONT-FACE LOAD

Slide 103

Slide 103 text

FOUT, 0 seconds ABCDEFGH

Slide 104

Slide 104 text

ABCDEFGH FOUT, 0 seconds @FONT-FACE LOAD

Slide 105

Slide 105 text

“But FOUT is ugly.”

Slide 106

Slide 106 text

PNG BASELINE JPEG Progressive JPEG

Slide 107

Slide 107 text

WebPageTest.org

Slide 108

Slide 108 text

SOLUTION CONTINUUM

Slide 109

Slide 109 text

FOUT DO NOTHING EMBRACE BROWSER DEFAULTS 0 SECOND TIMEOUT FOUT FOIT N SECOND TIMEOUT FOIT InFINITE TIMEOUT N  >  0

Slide 110

Slide 110 text

DO NOTHING EMBRACE BROWSER DEFAULTS FOIT InFINITE TIMEOUT FONT REQUESTs ARE A SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE

Slide 111

Slide 111 text

STOP BUTTON HAS NO EFFECT

Slide 112

Slide 112 text

ANTI- PATTERNS

Slide 113

Slide 113 text

CSS ONLOAD

Slide 114

Slide 114 text

  h1  {  font-­‐family:  serif;  }   .loaded  h1  {  font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;  }      

Slide 115

Slide 115 text

@font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      src:  url('icanfont.woff')  format('woff');   }   @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      src:  url('icanfontbold.woff')  format('woff');      font-­‐weight:  700;   }

Slide 116

Slide 116 text

BLOCKING FONTS.CSS Blocking FONT REQUESTS

Slide 117

Slide 117 text

BLOCKING FONTS.CSS Blocking FONT REQUESTS A Fonts   start   loading

Slide 118

Slide 118 text

BLOCKING FONTS.CSS Blocking FONT REQUESTS onload Fonts   finish   loading B A Fonts   start   loading

Slide 119

Slide 119 text

ASYNC- CSS

Slide 120

Slide 120 text

  h1  {  font-­‐family:  serif;  }   .loaded  h1  {  font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;  }      

Slide 121

Slide 121 text

BLOCKING FONTS.CSS

Slide 122

Slide 122 text

ASYNC FONTS.CSS

Slide 123

Slide 123 text

ASYNC FONTS.CSS Blocking FONT REQUESTS onload Fonts   finish   loading B A Fonts   start   loading

Slide 124

Slide 124 text

filamentgroup / loadcss https://github.com/filamentgroup/loadCSS

Slide 125

Slide 125 text

ASYNC- CSS with DATA URIS

Slide 126

Slide 126 text

@font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      src:  url('data:application/x-­‐font-­‐ woff;charset=utf-­‐8;base64,...')  format('woff');   }   @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  My  Web  Font;      src:  url('data:application/x-­‐font-­‐ woff;charset=utf-­‐8;base64,...')  format('woff');      font-­‐weight:  700;   }

Slide 127

Slide 127 text

ASYNC FONTS.CSS Font  Data  URIs   finish   loading B A Font  Data  URIs   start   loading REPAINT

Slide 128

Slide 128 text

No content

Slide 129

Slide 129 text

No content

Slide 130

Slide 130 text

INLINE DATA URIS WITH MAIN CSS

Slide 131

Slide 131 text

No content

Slide 132

Slide 132 text

ONE 50KB CSS REQUEST NO FONT REQUESTS

Slide 133

Slide 133 text

@font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  Roboto;      src:  url('data:application/x-­‐font-­‐ woff;charset=utf-­‐8;base64,...')  format('woff');   }   @font-­‐face  {      font-­‐family:  Roboto;      src:  url('data:application/x-­‐font-­‐ woff;charset=utf-­‐8;base64,...')  format('woff');      font-­‐weight:  700;   }

Slide 134

Slide 134 text

FOUT 0 SECOND TIMEOUT FOUT FOIT N SECOND TIMEOUT N  >  0 EMBRACE MORE FOUT

Slide 135

Slide 135 text

font-DISPLAY CSS DESCRIPTOR https://tabatkins.github.io/specs/css-font-display/ from Kenji Baheux, Tab Atkins

Slide 136

Slide 136 text

CSS Font Loading http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-font-loading/

Slide 137

Slide 137 text

FONTFACEONLOAD github.com/zachleat/fontfaceonload USES THE CSS FONT LOADING API WHEN AVAILABLE. FONTFACEOBSERVER github.com/bramstein/fontfaceobserver/ INCLUDES A NICE PROMISES POLYFILL

Slide 138

Slide 138 text

0 SECOND TIMEOUT FOUT

Slide 139

Slide 139 text

var  doc  =  document,          docEl  =  doc.documentElement;   doc.fonts.load("1em  Raleway")    .then(function()  {          //  The  font  has  loaded.      docEl.className  +=  "  raleway-­‐loaded";    }); ‑

Slide 140

Slide 140 text

body  {      font-­‐family:  sans-­‐serif;   }   .raleway-­‐loaded  body  {      font-­‐family:  Raleway,  sans-­‐serif;   } ‑

Slide 141

Slide 141 text

FONT REQUEST REPAINT Font   finishes   loading B A Font   starts   loading

Slide 142

Slide 142 text

FOUT RALEWAY font-­‐display:  swap;

Slide 143

Slide 143 text

FOUT @FONT-FACE LOAD font-­‐display:  swap;

Slide 144

Slide 144 text

FOUT FOIT N SECOND TIMEOUT N  >  0

Slide 145

Slide 145 text

var  docEl  =  document.documentElement;   docEl.className  +=  "  raleway-­‐loading";   window.setTimeout(function()  {      docEl.className  +=  "  raleway-­‐fallback";   },  1000);   document.fonts.load("1em  Raleway").then(function()  {      docEl.className  +=  "  raleway-­‐loaded";   });   ‑

Slide 146

Slide 146 text

.raleway-­‐loading  body  {      color:  transparent;   }   .raleway-­‐fallback  body,   .raleway-­‐loaded  body  {      color:  inherit;   }   .raleway-­‐fallback  body  {      font-­‐family:  serif;   }   .raleway-­‐loaded  body  {      font-­‐family:  Raleway,  serif;   } ‑

Slide 147

Slide 147 text

FOIT to FOUT, 1 second

Slide 148

Slide 148 text

1 S FOIT to FOUT, 1 second RALEWAY

Slide 149

Slide 149 text

1 S FOIT to FOUT, 1 second @FONT-FACE LOAD

Slide 150

Slide 150 text

https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200

Slide 151

Slide 151 text

ONE REPAINT TO RULE THEM ALL

Slide 152

Slide 152 text

Promise.all([      document.fonts.load("400  1em  Raleway"),      document.fonts.load("700  1em  Raleway")   ]).then(function  ()  {      docEl.className  +=  "  raleway-­‐loaded";   }); ‑ document.fonts.load("1em  Raleway").then(function()  {      docEl.className  +=  "  raleway-­‐loaded";   }); BECOMES

Slide 153

Slide 153 text

FONT REQUESTS

Slide 154

Slide 154 text

FONT REQUESTS REPAINT Fonts   finish   loading B A Fonts   start   loading

Slide 155

Slide 155 text

TWO REPAINTS TO RULE THEM ALL

Slide 156

Slide 156 text

MOST  JARRING   REPAINT  FOR  ROMAN ROMAN

Slide 157

Slide 157 text

MOST  JARRING   REPAINT  FOR  ROMAN BOLD ITALIC BOLD  ITALIC ROMAN

Slide 158

Slide 158 text

MOST  JARRING   REPAINT  FOR  ROMAN BOLD ITALIC BOLD  ITALIC FAUX   VERSIONS ROMAN

Slide 159

Slide 159 text

MOST  JARRING   REPAINT  FOR  ROMAN BOLD ITALIC BOLD  ITALIC FAUX   VERSIONS FINAL  REPAINT ROMAN

Slide 160

Slide 160 text

ARIAL ARIAL BOLD

Slide 161

Slide 161 text

EXO EXO FAUX BOLD

Slide 162

Slide 162 text

EXO EXO BOLD

Slide 163

Slide 163 text

FLASH OF FAUX TEXT zachleat.com/web/foft/

Slide 164

Slide 164 text

FALLBACKS ARE IMPORTANT

Slide 165

Slide 165 text

No content

Slide 166

Slide 166 text

No content

Slide 167

Slide 167 text

fontfamily.io

Slide 168

Slide 168 text

MINIMIZE THE FALLBACK to WEBFONT REFLOW

Slide 169

Slide 169 text

font-­‐family   FALLBACK STYLE font-­‐size   font-­‐size-­‐adjust   line-­‐height

Slide 170

Slide 170 text

Web Font Tune-up Time: A Fun Font Fallback Event http://blog.fonts.com/2011/08/web-font-tune-up- time-a-fun-font-fallback-event/

Slide 171

Slide 171 text

No content

Slide 172

Slide 172 text

No content

Slide 173

Slide 173 text

THERE ARE A LOT OF TOOLS AT OUR DISPOSAL TO EASE THE TRANSITION FROM FALLBACK TO WEBFONT

Slide 174

Slide 174 text

THE DEFAULT BROWSER BEHAVIOR FOR FONT-LOADING IS HARMFUL TO BOTH THE PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE AND INTEGRITY OF CONTENT ON THE WEB. FONT-LOADING INTEGRITY PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE

Slide 175

Slide 175 text

USE A FONT LOADING STRATEGY.

Slide 176

Slide 176 text

DON’t ACCEPT THE DEFAULTS.

Slide 177

Slide 177 text

@zachleat zachleat.com