Open Source Development Trends - VHTI13

by Thijs Feryn

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Open source development trends Thijs Feryn Evangelist +32 (0)9 218 79 06 [email protected]

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Hi, I’m Thijs

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I’m @ThijsFeryn on Twitter

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I’m an at Evangelist

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I’m a at board member

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Modern web developer

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Modern web developer Code Infrastructure Agile processes Quality assurance Frontend vs backend Project management Build & release cycles Performance & scalability Security Flexibility

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Internet

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Military

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ScienTﬁc

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Public (hobbyism)

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Corporate

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E-‐commerce & web applicaTons

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Web 2.0

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SoXware As A Service

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Social media

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Cloud

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Mobile

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Big data

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EvoluTon of programming languages

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EvoluTon of programming languages ✓C ✓C++ ✓C# ✓ObjecTve C ✓Perl ✓VB(A) ✓Java ✓Javascript ✓PHP ✓Ruby ✓Python ✓Node.js

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TradiTonal languages are sTll there

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Mix & match

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ScripTng languages are accepted/respected PHP, Perl, Javascript, Ruby, Python, Bash

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Proprietary vs (free &) open source soXware

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Security through obscurity

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Liability

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Linux is a cancer Steve Ballmer, CEO of MicrosoX, June 2001

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Microsoft has changed as a company and is becoming more open in the way that we work with and collaborate with others in the industry, in how we listen to customers, and in our approach to the cloud. We contribute to and partner with open source communities and promote interoperability to make it easier and less costly for customers to develop and manage mixed IT environments. We actively participate in the standards setting process and support established and emerging standards in our products. In the cloud, we support key standards that provide the building blocks for open, interoperable cloud services, and we support developer choice of programming languages. We support data portability and believe customers own and control their data, no matter where it resides.

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Passion

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Business model

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Frontend vs backend

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Design pacerns

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Decorator pacern

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interface ServiceClient { function getData(); } class MyWebServiceClient implements ServiceClient { private $data; function MyWebServiceClient() { $client = new SoapClient("some.wsdl"); $this->data = $client->getDataFunction(); } function getData() { return $this->data; } }

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$client = new MyWebServiceClient(); // Later in your code, and possibly in multiple places print $client->getData();

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abstract class ServiceClientDecorator implements ServiceClient { protected $serviceClient; public function __construct(ServiceClient $serviceClient) { $this->serviceClient = $serviceClient; } } class HtmlEntitiesDecorator extends ServiceClientDecorator { public function getData() { return htmlentities($this->serviceClient->getData()); } } class ParagraphDecorator extends ServiceClientDecorator { public function getData() { return '

'.$this->serviceClient->getData().'

'; } }

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$client = new MyWebServiceClient(); // Add our decorators $client = new HtmlEntititesDecorator($client); $client = new ParagraphDecorator($client); // Later in your code, and possibly in multiple places print $client->getData();

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Factory pacern

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class DatabaseFactory { // The factory function takes as an argument the // name of the class to produce public static function getInstance($driver) { // Attempt to include the the file containing the class // (not necessary if you use a custom autoloader) if(include_once(dirname(__FILE__).'/drivers/database_'. $driver.'.php')) { // Build the name of the class, instantiate, and return $driver_class = 'Database_'.$driver; return new $driver_class; } else { throw new Exception('Database driver not found'); } } } // To use, call the factory's static method: $db = DatabaseFactory::getInstance('MySQL');

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Singleton pacern

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class Database { // A static property to hold the single instance of the class private static $instance; // The constructor is private so that outside code cannot instantiate private function __construct() { } // All code that needs to get and instance of the class should call // this function like so: $db = Database::getInstance(); public function getInstance() { // If there is no instance, create one if (!isset(self::$instance)) { $c = __CLASS__; self::$instance = new $c; } return self::$instance; } // Block the clone method private function __clone() {} } // To use, call the static method to get the only instance $db = Database::getInstance();

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Dependency injecTon pacern

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class Book { ! public function __construct() { ! ! $registry = RegistrySingleton::getInstance(); ! ! $this->_database = $registry->database; ! ! // or ! ! global $databaseConnection; ! ! $this->_database = $database; ! } } $book = new Book();

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class Book { ! private $_databaseConnection; ! public function __construct() { } ! public function setDatabaseConnection($databaseConnection) { ! ! $this->_databaseConnection = $databaseConnection; ! } } $book = new Book(); $book->setDatabase($databaseConnection);

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Welcome back Javascript!

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Popular javascript projects ✓Jquery ✓Angular.js ✓Backbone.js ✓D3.js ✓Node.js & NPM ✓Reveal.js ✓Yo ✓Grunt ✓Bower ✓Yeoman ✓Phantom.js

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HTML5 features ✓Canvas drawing ✓Movie support ✓Oﬄine data ✓Document ediTng ✓Drag & drop ✓GeolocaTon ✓File manipulaTon ✓New intuiTve tags & elements

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Request & Response

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Methods & Status codes

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Headers & Body

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GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: mydomain.com User-‐Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:20.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/20.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/ xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-‐Language: nl,en;q=0.7,fr-‐be;q=0.3 Accept-‐Encoding: gzip, deflate Cookie: 52aaaa602e4730981271b4385bdb39c7=8ff0e3dd7f1ec82d1e83 f000e467e500; __utma=206997569.1837407744.1366871232.1366871232.136 6871232.1; __utmb=206997569.1.10.1366871232; __utmc=206997569; __utmz=206997569.1366871232.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)| utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none) Connection: keep-‐alive

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2013 06:27:20 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.42 (Unix) PHP/5.2.17 mod_log_bytes/1.2 mod_bwlimited/1.4 mod_auth_passthrough/1.8 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 mod_ssl/2.8.31 OpenSSL/0.9.7a X-‐Powered-‐By: PHP/5.2.17 P3P: CP="NOI ADM DEV PSAi COM NAV OUR OTRo STP IND DEM" Expires: Mon, 1 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT Last-‐Modified: Thu, 25 Apr 2013 06:27:21 GMT Cache-‐Control: no-‐store, no-‐cache, must-‐revalidate, post-‐check=0, pre-‐check=0 Pragma: no-‐cache Keep-‐Alive: timeout=15, max=93 Connection: Keep-‐Alive Transfer-‐Encoding: chunked Content-‐Type: text/html; charset=utf-‐8

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Status codes hcp://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-‐sec10.html hcp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes

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100 range Magic, fuggedaboudid!

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200 range Check!

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200 201 202 203 OK Created Accepted Non-‐Authorita7ve Informa7on

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204 205 206 No Content Reset Content Par7al Content

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300 range Talk to that guy over there

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301 302 303 304 Moved permanently Found See other Not modified

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305 306 307 Use Proxy Unused Temporary Redirect

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400 range Dude, you f’d up!

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400 403 404 405 408 Bad request Forbidden Not found Method not allowed Request 7meout

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400 401 402 403 404 Bad Request Unauthorized Payment Required Forbidden Not Found

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405 406 407 408 409 Method Not Allowed Not Acceptable Proxy Authen7ca7on Required Request Timeout Conﬂict

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410 411 412 413 414 Gone Length Required Precondi7on Failed Request En7ty Too Large Request-‐URI Too Long

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415 416 417 Unsupported Media Type Requested Range Not Sa7sﬁable Expecta7on Failed

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500 range Sorry man, we f’d up!

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500 501 502 503 504 505 Internal server error Not implemented Bad gateway Service unavailable Gateway 7meout HTTP Version Not Supported

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Request Headers

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Accept Accept-‐Charset Accept-‐Encoding Accept-‐language Authorization Cache-‐control Connection Cookie Content-‐length Date text/plain u^8 gzip, deﬂate en,nl;q=0.7,fr-‐be;q=0.3 Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ== no-‐cache close bla=ja; foo=bar 1024 Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT

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Host If-‐None-‐Match Pragma Proxy-‐Authorization Referer Upgrade User-‐Agent Via www.fronteers.nl "737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d" no-‐cache Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNl c2FtZQ== hip://www.combell.com Mozilla/5.0 websocket 1.0 fred, 1.1 example.com (Apache/1.1)

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Response Headers

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Age Allow Cache-‐control Connection Content-‐Encoding Content-‐Language Content-‐Length Content-‐Type Date 12 GET,HEAD max-‐age=3600 close gzip nl 1024 text/html; charset=u^-‐8 Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT

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ETag Expires Last-‐Modified Location Pragma Server Set-‐Cookie Transfer-‐Encoding Vary 737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT hip://www.combell.com no-‐cache My magic server bla=abc; session=12345 chuncked Accept-‐encoding

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GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.cvoleerstad.be User-‐Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:20.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/20.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/ xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-‐Language: nl,en;q=0.7,fr-‐be;q=0.3 Accept-‐Encoding: gzip, deflate Cookie: 52aaaa602e4730981271b4385bdb39c7=8ff0e3dd7f1ec82d1e83 f000e467e500; __utma=206997569.1837407744.1366871232.1366871232.136 6871232.1; __utmb=206997569.1.10.1366871232; __utmc=206997569; __utmz=206997569.1366871232.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)| utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none) Connection: keep-‐alive

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Caching

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ETag If-‐Non-‐Match: "3e86-‐410-‐3596lbc" ETag: "3e86-‐410-‐3596lbc"

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Expires Expires "Wed, 1 Jan 2014 20:00:00 GMT"

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Cache-‐control Cache-‐Control “max-‐age=3600, s-‐ maxage=1000, public, must-‐revalidate”

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Max-‐Age S-‐maxage Public Private No-‐cache No-‐store Must-‐revalidate Proxy-‐revalidate TTL for browsers in seconds TTL for proxies in seconds Proxies & browsers can cache Only browsers can cache Revalidate before dropping from cache Don’t cache at all Browser revalidate before serving from cache Proxy revalidate before serving from cache

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Cookies Tracking Sessions Language

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Cookies HTTP cookie request header via browser HTTP set-cookie response header via webserver

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Service Oriented Architecture

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API Webservice

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WSDL = HTTP GET RPC call = HTTP POST Not cacheable No HTTP vocabuliary re-‐use Complex markup SOAP

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REpresentational State Transfer

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Developed in parallel with HTTP/1.1

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The way the web *should* work

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Resources Stateless Cacheable Layered Uniform interface Vocabulary re-‐use HATEOAS Keywords

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David Zülke @dzuelke

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✓A URL idenTﬁes a resource. ✓Resources have a hierarchy, so you know that something with addiTonal slashes is a subordinate resource ✓Verbs are used to perform operaTons on resources ✓The operaTon is implicit and not part of the URL ✓A hypermedia format is used to represent the data ✓Link relaTons are used to navigate a service Quo7ng David Zülke @dzuelke

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GET POST PUT DELETE Retrieve Insert Update Remove

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HATEOAS WTF?

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Hypertext As The Engine Of Application State

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GET /products/1234 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/vnd.com.example+xml HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-‐Type: application/vnd.com.example+xml; charset=utf-‐8 Allow: GET, PUT, DELETE xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-‐8" ?> 1234 My product Mijn product 5 6.5 Thx David!

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Implementations

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Javascript Ajax Jquery Backbone.js Websockets

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Open data

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Open data ✓hcp://appsforghent.be ✓hcp://opendata.antwerpen.be/apps-‐antwerp ✓hcp://www.openbelgium.be

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Version control

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Popular GitHub projects ✓Twicer Bootstrap ✓Homebrew ✓Ruby On Rails ✓HTML5 Boilerplate ✓Jquery ✓Node.js ✓Phonegap ✓Backbone.js ✓Linux Kernel ✓Symfony2 Framework ✓Django Framework ✓Zend Framework 2 ✓Git

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Not Invented Here

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Manage dependencies

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Manage dependencies ✓Add to project ✓Share across environment ✓Beste of both worlds: package managers

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Manage dependencies ✓Ruby: Gem ✓Python: Pip ✓Perl: CPAN ✓PHP: PEAR, PECL & Composer ✓.NET: NuGet ✓Linux: yum, apt-‐get ✓Javascript: npm, bower

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Dependency Injection Pattern

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Webservers

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GWS 3% of the internet

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Facebook’s PHP interpreter

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Database servers

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“I wish I had enough money to run Oracle instead of Postgres." “Why do you want to do that?" “I dont, I just wish I had enough money to”

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Addressing the needs of today’s internet

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Maturity & stability

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Availability

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Performance

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Security

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Scalability

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Social Mobile Cloud Data

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Mobile

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Data ... big data

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The tools have evolved

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Not only SQL

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Message queues

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Varnish

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✓Async, non-‐blocking, event-‐driven ✓Javascript based ✓Callbacks ✓Data intensive ✓CK10 problem ✓Not for websites ✓Real-‐Tme communicaTon ✓Websockets ✓Hipsters Node.js

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var http = require('http'); http.createServer(function (req, res) { res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); res.end('Hello World\n'); }).listen(1337, '127.0.0.1'); console.log('Server running at http:// 127.0.0.1:1337/');

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Change

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Flexibility/elasTcity Scalability Distributed systems Any server could die any moment Clustering ReplicaTon Sharding Modularity

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Developers Agile

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Agile ✓Persons > processes ✓Usability > documentaTon ✓Late requirement changes ✓Fast changes ✓Prototype ~ producTon ✓ConTnuous delivery ✓Short cycles ✓Quick releases

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Fail fast

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Move fast & break things

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Sysadmins DevOps

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Patrick Debois “What is this DevOps thing anyway?” http://www.jedi.be/blog/2010/02/12/ what-is-this-devops-thing-anyway @PatrickDebois

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✓Fear of change ✓Risky deployment ✓It work on my machine ✓Siloisation http://www.jedi.be/blog/2010/02/12/ what-is-this-devops-thing-anyway

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Kris Buytaert “Building Clouds since before the bookstore” http://www.krisbuytaert.be/blog/what-devops “Everything is a Freaking DNS problem” @KrisBuytaert

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That sweet spot between "operating system" or platform stack and the application layer http://www.krisbuytaert.be/blog/what-devops

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Culture collaboration, tool-chains http://www.krisbuytaert.be/blog/what-devops

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The systematic process of building, deploying, managing, and using an application or group of applications http://www.krisbuytaert.be/blog/what-devops

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Tearing down silos

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Infrastructure = code

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class apache ( $default_mods = true, $service_enable = true, $serveradmin = 'root@localhost', $sendfile = false, $purge_vdir = true ) { include apache::params package { 'httpd': ensure => installed, name => $apache::params::apache_name, } # true/false is sufficient for both ensure and enable validate_bool($service_enable) service { 'httpd': ensure => $service_enable, name => $apache::params::apache_name, enable => $service_enable,

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Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = "lucid32" config.vm.box_url = "http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid32.box" config.vm.customize [ "modifyvm", :id, "-‐-‐name", "Varnish Training", "-‐-‐memory", "512" ] config.vm.network :hostonly, "12.12.12.6" config.vm.share_folder "v-‐data", "/home/data", "./" config.vm.provision :chef_solo do |chef| chef.cookbooks_path = "./tools/chef/cookbooks" chef.json = { :varnish => { :vcl_dir => "/home/data", :version => "3.0", :listen_port => "80", :storage => "malloc", :storage_size => "256m", }, :apache => { :listen_ports => ["8080"] } } chef.add_recipe("vim") chef.add_recipe("apache2") chef.add_recipe("apache2::mod_php5") chef.add_recipe("varnish::apt_repo") chef.add_recipe("varnish::default") end end

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Measure

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Measure ✓Google AnalyTcs ✓Access_logs ✓Logstash ✓Graphite ✓Collectd ✓Statsd ✓New Relic ✓Datadog