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WhoamI Testing Docker Images Security José Manuel Ortega Noviembre 2017

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WhoamI @jmortegac jmortega.github.io about.me/jmortegac

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WhoamI Introduction to docker security Security best practices 3. Tools for auditing docker host Tools for auditing docker images Demo

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WhoamI ● Docker uses several mechanisms: ○ Linux kernel namespaces ○ Linux Control Groups (cgroups) ○ The Docker daemon ○ Linux capabilities (libcap) ○ Linux security mechanisms like ○ AppArmor,SELinux,Seccomp

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WhoamI ● Provides an isolated view of the system where processes cannot see other processes in other containers ● Each container also gets its own network stack. ● A container doesn’t get privileged access to the sockets or interfaces of another container.

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WhoamI ● Cgroups: kernel feature that limits and isolates the resource usage (CPU, memory, network) of a collection of processes. ● Linux Capabilities: divides the privileges of root into distinct units and smaller groups of privileges

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WhoamI ● We can verify the integrity of the image ● Checksum validation when pulling image from docker hub ● Pulling by digest to enforce consistent

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WhoamI ● A capability is a unix action a user can perform ● Goal is to restrict “capabilities” ● Privileged process = all the capabilities! ● Unprivileged process = check individual user capabilities ● Example Capabilities: ○ CAP_CHOWN ○ CAP_SETUID ○ CAP_NET_RAW ○ CAP_SYS_ADMIN

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WhoamI Docker security is about limiting and controlling the attack surface on the kernel.

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WhoamI Run filesystems as read-only so that attackers can not overwrite data or save malicious scripts to the image.

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WhoamI ● Do not run processes in a container as root to avoid root access from attackers. ● Enable User-namespace (disabled by default.) ● Run filesystems as read-only so that attackers can not overwrite data or save malicious scripts to file. ● Cut down the kernel calls that a container can make to reduce the potential attack surface. ● Limit the resources that a container can use (SELinux/AppArmor)

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WhoamI ● Set a specific user. ● Don’t run your applications as root in containers.

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WhoamI ● AppArmor is a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) system which is a kernel (LSM) enhancement to confine programs to a limited set of resources. AppArmor's security model is to bind access control attributes to programs rather than to users. ● Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including United States Department of Defense

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WhoamI ● Restricts system calls based on a policy ● Block things like ○ Kernel manipulation (init_module, finit_module, delete_module) ○ Executing mount options ○ Change permissions ○ Change owner and groups

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WhoamI Auditing Docker Host

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WhoamI ● Auditing docker environment and containers ● Open-source tool for running automated tests ● Inspired by the CIS Docker 1.11 benchmark ● Runs against containers currently running on same host ● Checks for AppArmor, read-only volumes, etc... ● https://github.com/docker/docker-bench-security

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WhoamI ● The host configuration ● The Docker daemon configuration ● The Docker daemon configuration files ● Container images and build files ● Container runtime ● Docker security operations

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WhoamI ● The Docker daemon configuration ● [WARN] 2.1- Restrict network traffic between containers ● [WARN] 4.1 - Create a user for the container ● [WARN] * Running as root: ● [WARN] 5.4 - Restrict Linux Kernel Capabilities within containers ● [WARN] * Capabilities added: CapAdd=[audit_control] ● [WARN] 5.13 - Mount container's root filesystem as readonly ● [WARN] * Container running with root FS mounted R/W:

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WhoamI ● https://github.com/CISOfy/lynis-docker ● Lynis is a Linux, Mac and Unix security auditing and system hardening tool that includes a module to audit Dockerfiles. ● lynis audit system ● lynis audit dockerfile

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WhoamI https://github.com/CISOfy/lynis/blob/master/include/helper_audit_dockerfile

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WhoamI Demo time

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WhoamI Auditing Docker Images

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WhoamI ● You can scan your images for known vulnerabilities ● Find known vulnerable binaries ● Docker Security Scanning ● OWASP Dependency checker ● Anchore Cloud ● Tenable.io Container Security ● Dagda

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WhoamI https://hub.docker.com/r/deepfenceio/deepfence_depcheck/

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WhoamI https://github.com/eliasgranderubio/dagda

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WhoamI Python 3 MongoDB PyMongo Requests Python-dateutil Joblib Docker-py Flask Flask-cors PyYAML

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WhoamI Docker Images for Malware Analysis

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WhoamI Demo time

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WhoamI Signing ● Secure & sign your source Dependences ● Pin & verify your dependencies Content Trust ● Sign your artifacts with Docker Content Trust Privileges ● Least Privilege configurations

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WhoamI ● https://docs.docker.com/engine/security ● http://www.oreilly.com/webops-perf/free/files/docker-securit y.pdf ● http://container-solutions.com/content/uploads/2015/06/15. 06.15_DockerCheatSheet_A2.pdf ● Docker Content Trust https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/trust/content_trust ● Docker Security Scanning https://docs.docker.com/docker-cloud/builds/image-scan https://blog.docker.com/2016/04/docker-security http://softwaretester.info/docker-audit

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WhoamI jmortega.github.io @jmortegac