ONE DOES NOT SIMPLY ADD MFA

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One does not simply add MFA It’s not just a walk into Mordor, good MFA is a journey @christine@ruby.social

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Art by Maja Vonge Cornils

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What you will learn ✓ What is MFA   ✓ How to secure your accounts   ✓ What are the MFA types   ✓ How to protect users and secure an application   ✓ Potential testing steps   ✓ MFA implementation best practices "Its black gates are guarded by more than just orcs.” @christine@ruby.social

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Taking notes or pictures 📝 Asking foolish questions 🤔 Things you don't need to worry about "There is evil there that does not sleep, and the Great Eye is ever watchful" @christine@ruby.social Slides QR code

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Let our journey begin…

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@christine@ruby.social

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Back to the beginning… To when you signed up for

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@christine@ruby.social

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@christine@ruby.social

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@christine@ruby.social

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What was the hacker up to? 🤔 Calling your mobile provider @christine@ruby.social

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On the phone with your mobile provider... Using social engineering @christine@ruby.social

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Now they have all the access... Sim swap/sim hijacking @christine@ruby.social

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issms2fasecure.com/assets/sim_swaps-01-10-2020.pdf

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@christine@ruby.social

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@christine@ruby.social Let’s check on some Aussie Telcos

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@christine@ruby.social

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@christine@ruby.social optus.com.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/2022/09/optus-notifies-customers-of-cyberattack 22 September 2022

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“ We learned that SMS-based authentication is not nearly as secure as we would hope, and the main attack was via SMS intercept Christopher Slowe Reddit chief technology officer and founding engineer August 2018

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What is authentication? The process of verifying that someone or something is the actual entity that they claim to be. - OWASP.org (these people know what they are talking about when it comes to security)

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... but what are the different factors of auth? • Factor is knowledge (i.e. your password) • Is the other method choice • Possession (token/soft token) • Identity (biometrics)

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2FA = 2SV = MFA = 2F What about all those other acronyms... @christine@ruby.social

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Why didn't MFA help? @christine@ruby.social • SMS was used • For most users MFA won’t even be enabled

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Let’s travel deeper to discover all of our factor choices

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• Most common • Most compromised • Not recommended by NIST since 2016 @christine@ruby.social SMS

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• SS7 (network shared by every telecom) has it's own vulnerabilities • Text messages that are sent can be intercepted If SMS wasn't bad enough @christine@ruby.social

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Let's figure out all the ways to hack it... 1. Sim-swap (aka what just happened to us) 2. Port-out scam 3. Brute force on the application itself 4. Exploit SS7 weakness @christine@ruby.social

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Push Based

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Push Based •Associated with certain authorized devices •Not visible on a locked phone screen

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Push Based Has Drawbacks September 15th, 2022

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Security Questions ❓ ❓

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Security Questions • User answers a set of questions during sign-up • For example • Merry’s mother’s maiden name? • What is the shire’s address?

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Email • At login time, an email with verification code is sent to user • Convient • Should only be used with verified emails

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Example email verification step Awesome

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TOTP

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TOTP Time-based One Time Password aka app based aka soft token • Authy • Google Authenticator • 1Password

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Token Based

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Token Based Physical keys that can authenticate • FIDO2/WebAuthn • USB drive • Near-field communication • Many use U2F (Universal 2nd Factor)

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OTP vs U2F @christine@ruby.social

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OTP U2F • User has physical device • Strong security from public key cryptography • No personal information associated with a key • Users type in codes • Set up and provision required • Secrets stored, providing a single point of attack @christine@ruby.social

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What would you change now?

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Secure Your Account 1. Use long password/ passphrase 2. Secure with alternate authentication method 3. Use a VOIP number 4. Don't reuse passwords 5. Pin/password protect phone provider Keep on being @awesome @christine@ruby.social

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… now let’s put a twist on our story @christine@ruby.social

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@christine@ruby.social

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Not that twist... • Now you are the engineer at shiregram (an insta rival) • How do you secure your users from all the bad stuff out there? @christine@ruby.social

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Security is everyone's job YOU MEAN TO INFORMATION SECURITY IS PART OF MY JOB TOO??

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• Engineers • Designers • Infrastructure • Managers • Not just info sec! Security is everyone's job

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wmcactionnews5.com/2019/12/11/family-says-hackers-accessed-ring-camera-their-year-old-daughters-room

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nbc-2.com/story/41428183/stranger-spews-racial-slurs-over-familys-hacked-ring-camera

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Back to your security basics • Strong passwords/passphrase 💪 • Don't make them be rotated 🔁 • Store the hash securely 🔒 • Only store sensitive data that you need ⛔ @christine@ruby.social

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https://xkcd.com/936/ Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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Why this helps • Greater entropy = harder to brute force the password • Passwords should be hard to guess, but easy to remember • Extra length + randomness allows for more entropy @christine@ruby.social Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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Do this @christine@ruby.social Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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@christine@ruby.social Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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@christine@ruby.social Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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Reddit Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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Not this @christine@ruby.social Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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@christine@ruby.social Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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@christine@ruby.social Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

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Let's talk about password hash encryption • Just an algorithm that takes data and produces fixed-size output • Some hashes are stronger then others • MD5/SHA-1 = 👎 • SHA-256/512-bit SHA-2= 👍 @christine@ruby.social Store the hash securely 🔒

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Adaptive one-way functions, hashes with more spice • Compute a one-way (irreversible) transform • Allows configuration of ‘work factor’ • Ex. Argon2, PBKDF2, Scrypta, Bcrypt Head on over to OWASP.org for more details @christine@ruby.social Store the hash securely 🔒

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“ …we made the decision to rotate customer accounts on May 5, 2022, out of an abundance of caution due to not all of the customers having multi-factor authentication (MFA) enabled at the time and potential for password reuse. Bob Wise Heroku General Manager and Salesforce @christine@ruby.social

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DIY or BUY Choose your User Authentication Journey

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DIY or BUY Choose your User Authentication Journey

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DIY or BUY Choose your User Authentication Journey

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If you choose to BUY

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If you choose to BUY • Choose your vendor wisely • What factor choices are available? • What are your authorization and authentication needs?

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If you choose DIY • More flexibility • More security surface area to cover • More control over the user experience • More choices… • When to require re-authentication of MFA • Should re-auth occur on new ip/browser/period of time

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Some things to keep in mind no matter your path…

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Rate limiting prevents brute force attacks

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Use a truncated exponential back-off algorithm

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Uh wut now?

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What is an exponential back-off algorithm?

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Get user buy-in @christine@ruby.social

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Make it easy on your users

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• Make it easy opt in • Make it easy to add • Make it visible • Make it flexible Make it easy on your users

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Do this

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Not this

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If you choose DIY… Require more authentication IT COMES IN PINTS?

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• For editing/removing of MFA require credentials • If authentication does fail, be generic in error response If you choose DIY… Require more authentication

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"Login failed - invalid user ID or password” Do this

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"Login for User awesome: invalid password" "Login failed, invalid user ID" "Login failed; account disabled" "Login failed; this user is not active" Not this

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@christine@ruby.social Are we doing all we can to protect our users?

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Users with the most privilege, MFA is a requirement not optional @christine@ruby.social

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As we come to the end of our journey…

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MFA can help but... • Can only improve security if you are following secure password practices • Some MFA methods are more secure then others

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Thanks for having me YOW! Brisbane Thanks to: Tyson Reeder slide design and final graphic @tysondreeder For references and further reading checkout christine-seeman.com/talks @christine@ruby.social

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What questions can I answer? @christine@ruby.social

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Slides QR code @christine@ruby.social

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@christine@ruby.social wpengine.careers

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Everyone needs a product designer friend (thanks again Tyson!)

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#093840 #DCCEFE #FFEEA7 #A3FBBC #DCCEFE 32px - Large Heading 40px - Only text on slide 24px - Body Image frame - teal - 3px wide

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Creating duotone bg images https://medialoot.com/duotones/ Go here Click the camera and upload an image from your computer. Then go to the color tab and choose custom at the bottom. I try to stick to colors from the deck. Then drop it in and lower the opacity.