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Real World Kubernetes Deployments failure domains, upgrades, high-availability @coreoslinux @brandonphilips

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Follow Along Instructions http://bit.ly/1XeUbMW Stickers Upfront Decorate your laptop, dog, kid, phone.

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Brandon Philips CTO, CoreOS github.com/philips

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Build, Store and Distribute your Containers quay.io

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Linux

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Secure the Internet MISSION

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Separate Apps from OS STRATEGY

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Make Servers Consistent STRATEGY

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Tolerate Machine Failures STRATEGY

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Make Servers Easy to Upgrade STRATEGY

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Simplify Application Upgrades STRATEGY

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Application Packaging 1

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Abstract away app from the OS OS App

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Linux at Scale 2

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Patches to the OS and kernel are hard Retest after updates No automation SECURITY Dependency breakage Uptime risk APPLICATION

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Auto-updating browsers fixed security We got HTML5 at the same time

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Clustering 3

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Operations Paradise Easy scale out Painless app upgrades Tolerant of machine failure

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App Req/sec: 6,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 6,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 7,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 7,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 6,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 7,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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App Req/sec: 8,000 App Healthy: True

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3 Application packaging Clustering Linux at scale

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3 Application packaging Clustering Linux at scale

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Follow Along Instructions https://github.com/philips/repositories 2016-OSCON-containers-at-scale

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CoreOS+Kubernetes vagrant, aws, bare metal, etc coreos.com/kubernetes/docs/latest/

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kubernetes architecture in practice

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worker kubelet worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API worker kubelet w ku t worker kubelet

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API

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worker & API works on 1 node too

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kube-aws Initial Cluster Setup

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worker kubelet worker kubelet controller scheduler, etcd & API

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Demo Boot up a Cluster

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Demo Run an App

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Demo Understand the Network

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Domains Let's Talk About Failure

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Failure domains are regions or components of the infrastructure which contain a potential for failure.

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These regions can be physical or logical boundaries, and each has its own risks and challenges to architect for.

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Failure Feud - Machine Failure - Network/Disks/RAM/Processor/Power Supply - Rack Failure - Network/Power - Data Center Failure - Network/Power/Fire/Semi-trucks - Internet Failure - Network/Political/Natural

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Failure Analysis Kid Celebrating

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Kid Hitting His Eye Failure Analysis - Failure is caused by human error - Celebration continues; eye unnecessary - Kid has two eyes can continue seeing - Brain elects new eye automatically

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Primary Datastore etcd operations

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/etc distributed hence, the name...

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a clustered key-value store GET and SET operations

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a building block for higher order systems primitives for building reliable distributed systems

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Demo play.etcd.io

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Failure Analysis etcd

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API

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kube-aws high availability in cloud

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scheduler & API EBS { ASG

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etcd protects against - Machine Failure - Replication, automatic leader election - Flakey Disk Failure - CRC checksums on WAL files - Network Failure - Timeouts and linearized state machine

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etcd does not protect against - Denial of Service - Future work on proxies - Lying etcd Peers - We do a ton of functional testing a hedge - Buggy or Broken Clients - Client deleting all keys requires restore from backup

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Demo etcd restore backup

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1 2 3 4 { Log

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1 2 3 4 Entries

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1 2 3 4 Indexes

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Kubernetes Control API Service, Scheduler, Controller Manager

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Failure Analysis Kubernetes

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Demo etcd down for API server

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API

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scheduler & API

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Demo etcd restore for API server

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scheduler & API

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Demo node partition from API

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API

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Demo node scaling up

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API worker kubelet

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Demo node scheduled outage API

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API

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Demo node unplanned outage

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API

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Demo node downgrade/upgrade outage

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worker kubelet worker kubelet scheduler & API

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Future Work Upstream Kubernetes and Elsewhere

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Upstream rktnetes Auth/OIDC Node self-signed TLS

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Scaling 15x scheduler performance 30k pods on 1k nodes SIG-scale

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Automatic Node Drain Locksmith Design Doc

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Performance etcd3 /ZooKeeper snapshot disabled

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Performance etcd3 /ZooKeeper snapshot disabled

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Memory 10GB 2.4GB 0.8GB 512MB data - 2M 256B keys

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Sounds good, but... Is anyone successful with all this in prod?

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Publically traded options exchange

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Containers on CoreOS are powering ISE's high- throughput, low-latency financial exchange Running in production Bare metal & AWS Billions of transactions a day 150 million req/sec

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Secure the Internet MISSION

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Separate Apps from OS STRATEGY

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Make Servers Consistent STRATEGY

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Tolerate Machine Failures STRATEGY

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Make Servers Easy to Upgrade STRATEGY

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Simplify Application Upgrades STRATEGY

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Thank you! Brandon Philips @brandonphilips | [email protected] | coreos.com We’re hiring in all departments! Email: [email protected] Positions: coreos.com/ careers