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Xcode Preview
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1 Xcode PreviewͰͷDIઓུͱͦͷ՝
2 ண؟ͱղܾํ๏
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1 Xcode PreviewͰͷDIઓུͱͦͷ՝
2 ண؟ͱղܾํ๏
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Qiita Viewer
QiitaͷهࣄΛݕࡧͯ͠ɺʹอଘ͢ΔΞϓϦ
https://github.com/mtj0928/QiitaViewer
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App
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
هࣄͷݕࡧ
هࣄͷৄࡉ
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App
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
هࣄͷݕࡧ
هࣄͷৄࡉ
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struct ItemListView: View {
@StateObject let viewModel = ItemListViewModel()
var body: some View {
// viewModelͷitemsΛͬͯϦετΛදࣔ͢Δ
}
}
class ItemListViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var items: [Item] = []
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await APIClient.share.getItems()
}
}
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struct ItemListView: View {
@StateObject let viewModel = ItemListViewModel()
var body: some View {
// viewModelͷitemsΛͬͯϦετΛදࣔ͢Δ
}
}
class ItemListViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var items: [Item] = []
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await APIClient.share.getItems()
}
}
ViewModelΛ
StateObjectͰཧ
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struct ItemListView: View {
@StateObject let viewModel = ItemListViewModel()
var body: some View {
// viewModelͷitemsΛͬͯϦετΛදࣔ͢Δ
}
}
class ItemListViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var items: [Item] = []
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await APIClient.share.getItems()
}
}
ViewModelΛ
StateObjectͰཧ
APIܦ༝ͰitemsΛऔಘ
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struct ItemListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ItemListView()
}
}
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Xcode PreviewΛ͏্Ͱͷ
// ViewModelͷதͷؔ
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await APIClient.share.getItems()
}
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Xcode PreviewΛ͏্Ͱͷ
// ViewModelͷதͷؔ
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await APIClient.share.getItems()
}
ຖճAPIͷݺͼग़͕ͬͯ͠͠·͏
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Xcode PreviewΛ͏্Ͱͷ
// ViewModelͷதͷؔ
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await APIClient.share.getItems()
}
ຖճAPIͷݺͼग़͕ͬͯ͠͠·͏
UIͷεςʔλεͷίϯτϩʔϧ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍
APIͷݺͼग़͠ʹޭͨ࣌͠ͷUI
APIͷݺͼग़͠ʹࣦഊͨ࣌͠ͷUI
APIΛݺͼग़͍ͯ͠ΔؒͷUI
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Dependency Injection
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Initializer Injection
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protocol APIClientProtocol {
func getItems() async throws -> [Item]
}
class ItemListViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var items: [Item] = []
let apiClient: APIClientProtocol
init(apiClient: APIClientProtocol) {
self.apiClient = apiClient
}
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await apiClient.getItems()
}
}
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protocol APIClientProtocol {
func getItems() async throws -> [Item]
}
class ItemListViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var items: [Item] = []
let apiClient: APIClientProtocol
init(apiClient: APIClientProtocol) {
self.apiClient = apiClient
}
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await apiClient.getItems()
}
}
APIClient༻ʹprotocolΛఆٛ
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protocol APIClientProtocol {
func getItems() async throws -> [Item]
}
class ItemListViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var items: [Item] = []
let apiClient: APIClientProtocol
init(apiClient: APIClientProtocol) {
self.apiClient = apiClient
}
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await apiClient.getItems()
}
}
APIClient༻ʹprotocolΛఆٛ
protocolΛinitͰࠩ͠ࠐΉ
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protocol APIClientProtocol {
func getItems() async throws -> [Item]
}
class ItemListViewModel: ObservableObject {
@Published var items: [Item] = []
let apiClient: APIClientProtocol
init(apiClient: APIClientProtocol) {
self.apiClient = apiClient
}
func fetchItems() async throws {
items = try await apiClient.getItems()
}
}
APIClient༻ʹprotocolΛఆٛ
protocolΛinitͰࠩ͠ࠐΉ
γϯάϧτϯͷΘΓʹ
DI͞ΕͨAPIClinetΛ͏
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struct ItemListView: View {
@StateObject let viewModel: ItemListViewModel
var body: some View {
// viewModelͷitemsΛͬͯϦετΛදࣔ͢Δ
}
}
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struct ItemListView: View {
@StateObject let viewModel: ItemListViewModel
var body: some View {
// viewModelͷitemsΛͬͯϦετΛදࣔ͢Δ
}
}
ViewModelΛ֎͔Βࠩ͠ࠐΉ
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private struct MockAPIClient: APIClientProtocol {
func getItems() async throws -> [Item] {
// ϞοΫ͍ͨ͠ॲཧΛ͜͜ʹೖΕΔ
}
}
struct ItemListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
let apiClient = MockAPIClient()
let viewModel = ItemListViewModel(apiClient: apiClient)
ItemListView(viewModel: viewModel)
}
}
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Initializer Injection
Ұ൪҆શͳDIख๏
ίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹDI͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛอূͰ͖Δ
ґଘͷόέπϦϨʔ͕ඞཁ
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Initializer Injection
Ұ൪҆શͳDIख๏
ίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹDI͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛอূͰ͖Δ
ґଘͷόέπϦϨʔ͕ඞཁ
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App
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
هࣄͷݕࡧ
هࣄͷৄࡉ
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App
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
هࣄͷݕࡧ
هࣄͷৄࡉ
APIClient͕ඞཁ
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App
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
هࣄͷݕࡧ
هࣄͷৄࡉ
APIClient͕ඞཁ
DB͕ඞཁ
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App
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
هࣄͷݕࡧ
هࣄͷৄࡉ
APIClientͱDBΛ͢
APIClient͕ඞཁ
DB͕ඞཁ
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όέπϦϨʔͷ՝
ݕࡧը໘APIΛୟ͚ͩ͘ͳͷʹɺDBͷใ͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ
ItemListView(
viewModel: ItemListViewModel(apiClient: MockAPIClient()),
db: MockDatabase()
)
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όέπϦϨʔͷ՝
ݕࡧը໘APIΛୟ͚ͩ͘ͳͷʹɺDBͷใ͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ
ItemListView(
viewModel: ItemListViewModel(apiClient: MockAPIClient()),
db: MockDatabase()
)
͜Εඞཁ...ʁ
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όέπϦϨʔͷ՝
ݕࡧը໘APIΛୟ͚ͩ͘ͳͷʹɺDBͷใ͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ
ItemListView(
viewModel: ItemListViewModel(apiClient: MockAPIClient()),
db: MockDatabase(),
keychain: MockKeychain(),
fileManager: MockFileManager(),
userDefaults: MockUserDefaults(),
authManager: MockAuthManager(),
logger: MockLogger(),
...
)
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όέπϦϨʔͷ՝
ݕࡧը໘APIΛୟ͚ͩ͘ͳͷʹɺDBͷใ͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ
ItemListView(
viewModel: ItemListViewModel(apiClient: MockAPIClient()),
db: MockDatabase(),
keychain: MockKeychain(),
fileManager: MockFileManager(),
userDefaults: MockUserDefaults(),
authManager: MockAuthManager(),
logger: MockLogger(),
...
)
ը໘͕૿͑Ε૿͑Δ΄ͲXcode Previewʹ͢ґଘ͕૿͑Δ
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όέπϦϨʔͷ՝
ը໘ͷ͕૿͑Δ΄Ͳඞཁͳґଘ͕૿͑ͯɺXcode PreviewΛ
ؾܰʹࢼͤͳ͘ͳΔ
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όέπϦϨʔͷ՝
ը໘ͷ͕૿͑Δ΄Ͳඞཁͳґଘ͕૿͑ͯɺXcode PreviewΛ
ؾܰʹࢼͤͳ͘ͳΔ
ରͷView͕ͲͷґଘΛ࣮ࡍʹૢ࡞͢Δͷ͔ݺͼग़͠ଆΘ͔Βͳ͍
DBΛ৮Δͷ͔ɺͦΕͱAPIΛୟ͘ͷ͔
Xcode Preview࣌ʹԿΛϞοΫ͢ΔͱͲ͏ө͞ΕΔͷ͔ͷѲ͕͘͠ͳΔ
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@Environment
@EnvironmentObject
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RootView()
.environment(\.apiClient, APIClient())
.environment(\.database, Database())
struct ItemListView: View {
@Environment(\.apiClient) var apiClient: APIClientProtocol
}
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@Environmentͷ՝
1. ඞཁͳґଘ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍
struct ItemListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ItemListView()
.environment(\.apiClient, MockAPIClient())
}
}
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@Environmentͷ՝
1. ඞཁͳґଘ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍
struct ItemListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ItemListView()
.environment(\.apiClient, MockAPIClient())
}
}
͜ΕΛΕͯίϯύΠϧΤϥʔʹͳΒͳ͍
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@Environmentͷ՝
2. initͰΞΫηε͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍
struct ItemListView: View {
@Environment(\.apiClient) var apiClient: APIClientProtocol?
@StateObject var viewModel: ItemListViewModel
init() {
self.viewModel = ItemListViewModel(apiClient: apiClient)
}
var body: some View { ... }
}
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@Environmentͷ՝
2. initͰΞΫηε͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍
struct ItemListView: View {
@Environment(\.apiClient) var apiClient: APIClientProtocol?
@StateObject var viewModel: ItemListViewModel
init() {
self.viewModel = ItemListViewModel(apiClient: apiClient)
}
var body: some View { ... }
}
initͰEnvironmentͷʹΞΫηεͰ͖ͣ
ViewModel͕࡞Εͳ͍
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՝ͷཁ
Initializer Injection
ը໘ͷ͕૿͑Δ΄Ͳ͢ґଘ͕૿͑ͯɺXcode PreviewΛࢼ͠ʹ͘͘ͳΔ
Ͳͷґଘ͕Xcode Previewʹ࣮ࡍʹඞཁͳґଘ͔ᐆດʹͳΔ
@Environment
ԿΛDI͢Δ͖͔ɺίϯύΠϥΘ͔Βͳ͍
initͰΞΫηεͰ͖ͳ͍ͷͰɺObservableObjectΛ࡞Δʹ͕ඞཁ
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1 Xcode PreviewͰͷDIઓུͱͦͷ՝
2 ண؟ͱղܾํ๏
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Xcode Previewͷؔ৺ൣғ
Xcode Preview࣌ͷؔ৺ରͷը໘͚ͩͰ͋Γɺଞͷը໘ʹؔ৺ͳ͍
struct ItemListView: View { ... }
struct ItemListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ItemListView(viewModel: ...)
}
}
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Xcode Previewͷؔ৺ൣғ
Xcode Preview࣌ͷؔ৺ରͷը໘͚ͩͰ͋Γɺଞͷը໘ʹؔ৺ͳ͍
struct ItemListView: View { ... }
struct ItemListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ItemListView(viewModel: ...)
}
}
ItemListViewʹ͚ͩڵຯ͕͋Γ
ભҠઌͷը໘ʹڵຯͳ͍
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App
هࣄͷݕࡧ
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
هࣄͷৄࡉ
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App
ؔ৺
هࣄͷݕࡧ
ؔ৺
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ؔ৺
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
ؔ৺
هࣄͷৄࡉ
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App
ؔ৺֎ ؔ৺
هࣄͷݕࡧ
ؔ৺
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ؔ৺
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
ؔ৺
هࣄͷৄࡉ
ؔ৺֎
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App
ؔ৺֎ ؔ৺
هࣄͷݕࡧ
Initializer Injection
ؔ৺
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ؔ৺
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
ؔ৺
هࣄͷৄࡉ
ؔ৺֎
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App
ؔ৺֎ ؔ৺
هࣄͷݕࡧ
Initializer Injection
ؔ৺
อଘࡁΈهࣄͷҰཡ
ؔ৺
ΞΧϯτઃఆ
ؔ৺
هࣄͷৄࡉ
ؔ৺֎
@Environment
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Dependency Provider
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DependencyProvider
1. DI͍ͨ͠ΦϒδΣΫτΛ·ͱΊͨstructΛ࡞Δ
struct AppDependency {
let apiClient: APIClientProtocol
let database: DatabaseProtocol
}
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DependencyProvider
2. AppDependencyΛEnvironmentʹ͢
let dependency = AppDependency(
apiClient: APIClient(),
database: Database()
)
AppRootView()
.environment(\.dependency, dependency)
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DependencyProvider
3. Environment͔ΒґଘΛऔΓग़͠ɺunwrap͢ΔViewΛ࡞Δ
struct DependencyProvider: View {
@Environment(\.dependency) var dependency: AppDependency?
let childView: (AppDependency) -> ChildView
var body: some View {
if let dependency {
childView(dependency)
} else {
#if DEBUG
Text("Dependency is not set.")
// ...
.background(.red)
#endif 30
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DependencyProvider
3. Environment͔ΒґଘΛऔΓग़͠ɺunwrap͢ΔViewΛ࡞Δ
struct DependencyProvider: View {
@Environment(\.dependency) var dependency: AppDependency?
let childView: (AppDependency) -> ChildView
var body: some View {
if let dependency {
childView(dependency)
} else {
#if DEBUG
Text("Dependency is not set.")
// ...
.background(.red)
#endif
Environment͔Β
ґଘΛऔΓग़͢
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DependencyProvider
3. Environment͔ΒґଘΛऔΓग़͠ɺunwrap͢ΔViewΛ࡞Δ
struct DependencyProvider: View {
@Environment(\.dependency) var dependency: AppDependency?
let childView: (AppDependency) -> ChildView
var body: some View {
if let dependency {
childView(dependency)
} else {
#if DEBUG
Text("Dependency is not set.")
// ...
.background(.red)
#endif
ChildViewΛ֎͔Βࠩ͠ࠐΉ
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DependencyProvider
3. Environment͔ΒґଘΛऔΓग़͠ɺunwrap͢ΔViewΛ࡞Δ
struct DependencyProvider: View {
@Environment(\.dependency) var dependency: AppDependency?
let childView: (AppDependency) -> ChildView
var body: some View {
if let dependency {
childView(dependency)
} else {
#if DEBUG
Text("Dependency is not set.")
// ...
.background(.red)
#endif
ґଘ͕ೖ͞Ε͍ͯΕ
ґଘͱڞʹChildViewΛग़͢
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DependencyProvider
3. Environment͔ΒґଘΛऔΓग़͠ɺunwrap͢ΔViewΛ࡞Δ
struct DependencyProvider: View {
@Environment(\.dependency) var dependency: AppDependency?
let childView: (AppDependency) -> ChildView
var body: some View {
if let dependency {
childView(dependency)
} else {
#if DEBUG
Text("Dependency is not set.")
// ...
.background(.red)
#endif
}
ґଘ͕ೖ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨΒ
ͦͷ͜ͱΛදࣔ͢Δ
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DependencyProviderͷ͍ํ
1. ֤ViewͷinitͰͦͷView͕ඞཁͳґଘ͚ͩΛએݴ͢Δ
struct ItemListView: View {
init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel) {
...
}
}
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DependencyProviderͷ͍ํ
1. ֤ViewͷinitͰͦͷView͕ඞཁͳґଘ͚ͩΛએݴ͢Δ
struct ItemListView: View {
init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel) {
...
}
}
struct ItemListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
let viewModel = ItemListViewModel(apiClient: MockAPIClient())
ItemListView(viewModel: viewModel)
}
}
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DependencyProviderͷ͍ํ
2. ଞͷViewΛදࣔ͢Δ࣌ɺDependency ProviderΛڬΜͰґଘΛղܾ͢Δ
var body: some View {
...
.navigationDestination(for: Item.self) { item in
}
}
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DependencyProviderͷ͍ํ
2. ଞͷViewΛදࣔ͢Δ࣌ɺDependency ProviderΛڬΜͰґଘΛղܾ͢Δ
var body: some View {
...
.navigationDestination(for: Item.self) { item in
DependencyProvider {
}
}
}
·ͣDependencyProviderΛݺͿ
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DependencyProviderͷ͍ํ
2. ଞͷViewΛදࣔ͢Δ࣌ɺDependency ProviderΛڬΜͰґଘΛղܾ͢Δ
var body: some View {
...
.navigationDestination(for: Item.self) { item in
DependencyProvider { dependency in
}
}
}
ґଘ͕͞ΕΔ
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DependencyProviderͷ͍ํ
2. ଞͷViewΛදࣔ͢Δ࣌ɺDependency ProviderΛڬΜͰґଘΛղܾ͢Δ
var body: some View {
...
.navigationDestination(for: Item.self) { item in
DependencyProvider { dependency in
ItemDetailView(
item,
database: dependency.database
)
}
}
}
͞ΕͨґଘΛͬͯ
Child ViewΛ࡞Δ
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DependencyProviderͷԿ͕خ͍͔͠
1. ͲͷView͔ΒͰґଘ͕औΓग़ͤΔ
non-optionalͳͱͯ͠औΓग़ͤΔ
struct FooView: View {
var body: some View {
NavigationLink("࣍ͷը໘") {
DependencyProvider { dependency in
NextView(database: dependency.database)
}
}
}
}
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DependencyProviderͷԿ͕خ͍͔͠
2. ֤Viewඞཁͳґଘ͚ͩΛinitͰએݴͰ͖Δ
ભҠઌͷը໘ͷͨΊͷґଘඞཁͳ͍
Xcode PreviewΛར༻͢ΔͨΊͷඞཁेͳґଘΛίϯύΠϥ͕ΕΔ
ݺͼग़͠ଆ͕ͲͷΑ͏ʹґଘղܾΛ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔Δඞཁͳ͍
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DependencyProviderͷԿ͕خ͍͔͠
3. EnvironmentͷઃఆΛΕΔ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍
AppDependencyͷઃఆ1ճͰྑ͍
Ծʹઃఆ͠Ε͍ͯͨΒࢸΔͱ͜ΖͰը໘͕ਅͬʹͳΔͷͰɺ͙͢ʹؾ͚Δ
ґଘΛՃ͢Δ࣌ɺAppDependencyʹϓϩύςΟΛՃ͢Δ
AppDependencyΛ࡞͍ͬͯΔՕॴͰઃఆ࿙Ε͕͋ͬͨΒίϯύΠϧΤϥʔʹͳΔ
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DependencyProviderͷԿ͕خ͍͔͠
4. DIͷํ๏͕ViewͰด͍ͯ͡Δ
ϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯϏδωεϩδοΫͰγϯϓϧͳ
Initializer InjectionΛҡ࣋Ͱ͖Δ
୯ମςετͰDependencyProviderʹґଘ͢Δඞཁ͕ͳ͍
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Ͱ͜ͷํ๏ͬͯSwiftUI͚ͩͰ͢ΑͶʁ
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iOS17͔ΒUIKitͰͰ͖·͢
UITraitCollectionͰSwiftUIͷEnvironmentͱಉ༷ͷ͜ͱ͕Մೳʹʂ
ৄ͘͠WWDCͷηογϣϯಈըΛࢀর͍ͯͩ͘͠͞
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10057/
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Xcode PreviewΛຊ֨తʹ͏ʹDIॏཁͳςʔϚ
Initializer InjectionEnvironmentͦΕͧΕ՝͕ଘࡏ
ͦΕͧΕͷྑ͍ͱ͜ͲΓͳDependencyProviderΛఏҊ
iOS17͔ΒUIKitͰಉ༷ͷ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ͔...ʁ
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·ͱΊ
Xcode PreviewΛຊ֨తʹ͏ʹDIॏཁͳςʔϚ
Initializer InjectionEnvironmentͦΕͧΕ՝͕ଘࡏ
ͦΕͧΕͷྑ͍ͱ͜ͲΓͳDependencyProviderΛఏҊ
iOS17͔ΒUIKitͰಉ༷ͷ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ͔...ʁ
Ξϯέʔτ/ϑΟʔυόοΫ͍ͬͯ·͢ʂ
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