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JavaScript Web Application Frameworks What? When? Which? How? Fritz Lekschas PhD Candidate at Harvard @flekschas lekschas.de

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Multiscale Visual Pattern Exploration in Genomics Davis et al. (2018) The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE): data portal update. Fritz Lekschas PhD Candidate at Harvard Advisor: Hanspeter Pfister

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CellFinder Semantic Body Browser Satori HiPiler HiGlass Peax

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CellFinder Semantic Body Browser Satori HiPiler HiGlass Peax jQuery AngularJS Ember.js Knockout CanJS Backbone Aurelia React Angular React Vue.js Angular

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CellFinder Semantic Body Browser Satori HiPiler HiGlass Peax jQuery AngularJS Ember.js Knockout CanJS Backbone Aurelia React Angular React Vue.js Angular React Vue.js Angular Svelte ?

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What is a web application framework? When and why should we use a web framework? Which web framework are hot and which should we choose? How to work with a web framework?

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What is a (web) application framework?

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A framework is generic software to be adjusted by user-specific code to form an application. It provides a standard way to develop applications and the tools necessary for its implementation.

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A framework is generic software to be adjusted by user-specific code to form an application. It provides a standard way to develop applications and the necessary tools for its implementation.

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● ● No predefined end goal ● You decide about its purpose ● Provides the building blocks and a guide on how to compose them ● Framework ● ● Clear purpose ● You just use it ● Provides an interface and the means to its purpose ● Library

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● ● No predefined end goal ● You decide about its purpose ● Provides the building blocks and a guide on how to compose them ● The framework orchestrates your code Framework ● ● Clear purpose ● You just use it ● Provides an interface and the means to its purpose ● Your code calls the library Library

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Application Code Library Library Framework

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 1

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Framework HTML CSS JS Template/View Styling Behavior

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 2

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What types of frameworks?

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Model View Controller Model ViewModel View MVC MVVM Changes Updates Changes Updates Translates

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Model View Controller MVC Changes Updates Consume Interact Model ViewModel View MVVM Changes Updates Translates

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“If you put ten software architects into a room and have them discuss what the Model-View-Controller pattern is, you will end up with twelve different opinions.” Josh Smith https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/23241/Using-MVC-to-Unit-Test-WPF-Applications

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 2

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What do frameworks take care of?

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Templating State Management Data Binding/Flow Synchronizing Create HTML Add, update, remove data Add event listeners Keep everything in sync

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 1

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When should we use a web framework?

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What is the primary purpose of the application? Presentation: Maybe | Otherwise: Yes! What kind of view changes are anticipated? Only non-structural: Maybe | Otherwise: Yes! What is the scope of the application? Prototype: Maybe | Otherwise: Yes!

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http://hipiler.lekschas.de

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 3

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HiGlass

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https://higlass.io

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Which frameworks are hot in 2020?

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React Vue Angular Svelte

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JS, HTML, and CSS handled together Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately DOM with dynamic change detection Two-way data binding Highly opinionated Modularized React Vue Angular Svelte JS, HTML, and CSS handled together DOM with static change detection Two-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused

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JS, HTML, and CSS handled together Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately DOM with dynamic change detection Two-way data binding Highly opinionated Modularized React Vue Angular Svelte JS, HTML, and CSS handled together DOM with static change detection Two-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused

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JS, HTML, and CSS handled together Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately DOM with dynamic change detection Two-way data binding Highly opinionated Modularized React Vue Angular Svelte JS, HTML, and CSS handled together DOM with static change detection Two-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused

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JS, HTML, and CSS handled together Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately DOM with dynamic change detection Two-way data binding Highly opinionated Modularized React Vue Angular Svelte JS, HTML, and CSS handled together DOM with static change detection Two-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused

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JS, HTML, and CSS handled together Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately DOM with dynamic change detection Two-way data binding Highly opinionated Modularized React Vue Angular Svelte JS, HTML, and CSS handled together DOM with static change detection Two-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused

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JS, HTML, and CSS handled together Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately Virtual DOM with diffing One-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused JS, HTML, and CSS handled separately DOM with dynamic change detection Two-way data binding Highly opinionated Modularized React Vue Angular Svelte JS, HTML, and CSS handled together DOM with static change detection Two-way data binding Relatively unopinionated Component focused

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 4-6

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Which framework should you choose?

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Simplicity: How fast can one get started? Expressivity: How much can the framework do? Community Support: How continuous is the community engagement? Tooling: How many good tools/libraries are already there?

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State of the JavaScript 2019: Satisfaction https://2019.stateofjs.com/front-end-frameworks/

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State of the JavaScript 2019: Interest https://2019.stateofjs.com/front-end-frameworks/

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State of the JavaScript 2019: Awareness https://2019.stateofjs.com/front-end-frameworks/

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Downloads

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Google Trends React Angular jQuery Vue Svelte

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React Svelte Vue > Angular = > Warning! Highly biased! My Personal Preferences

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React Svelte Vue > Established Great tooling Getting Established Dead simple Angular = > Simple CSS transitions Blazing fast ??? But who am I to tell you? Test them for yourself! My Personal Preferences

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React Vue Angular > Svelte = > My Recommendation Established Great tooling Managed by FB Established Good for complex applications Managed by Google Getting Established Supported by various companies Rising but small community No company support

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How to work with web frameworks?

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Clear separation of concerns: who is responsible for what? Write pure functional code: a function should have a single purpose and no side effects Rely as a little on the framework as possible Be wary of leaky abstractions and look behind the curtain

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Purify Your Code

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 7

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Separation of Concerns: React with D3

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 8

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Leaky Abstraction

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http://jsf.lekschas.de 9

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Resources Composing Software from Eric Elliot leanpub.com/composingsoftware and medium.com/@_ericelliott State of JavaScript 2019 stateofjs.com Newsletters javascriptweekly.com, frontendfoc.us, react.statuscode.com, http://esnextnews.com Blogs overreacted.io, 2ality.com

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Thanks! Questions?