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© 2014 Tom Paulus Photo: Wolf Paulus Getting Started with MultiCopters Wolf Paulus @wolfpaulus http://wolfpaulus.com Tom Paulus @tompaulus http://tompaulus.com © 2014 Tom Paulus

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© 2014 Tom Paulus What is a MultiCopter?

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Build Vs. Buy How Do I Get One?

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HUBSAN X4 H107C-HD Quadcopter with 2MP Video
 US$ 65

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Build vs Buy

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Frame Shape

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© 2014 Tom Paulus

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© 2014 Tom Paulus

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Flight Controller • The MOST important component on your craft • Translates your inputs into changes in the motor speeds • There are 3 different classes of Flight Controller to choose from

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Auto-Level Only KK 2.1 $30 Acro Naze 32 $25 Flip 1.5 $16* *Does NOT include the case

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Altitude Holding Flip 1.5 $22* ** Naze 32 $52 **With the addition of the Pimp Your Flip Board ($7) *Does NOT include the case

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© 2014 Tom Paulus GPS with AutoPilot Capabilities ArduPilot $300 DJI Naza Lite $175

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Motors • RPM is measured in kV • 1 kV is 1 revolution per volt • Measure of the dimension of the stator • For Example, 2212 980kV Motors Photo: rcexplorer.se

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Props Lets take a 10x4.5 Prop for Example 10 x 4.5 Diameter of the Prop Pitch of the Prop

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© 2014 Tom Paulus ESCs Electronic Speed Controller Connects your Motors to your Battery and Flight Controller Motor Battery ESC Flight Controller Photo: HobbyKing

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Batteries Voltage • 4s+ - High Voltage App. • 3S -11.1V (Most Common) • 2S - 7.4V Amperage Measured in C (Capacities) Diagram: Traxxas

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Now What?

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Mobius GoPro Camcorder DSLR 39g Camera: 74g (2.6oz) w/housing: 136g (4.8oz) approx. 350g approx. 1500g Payload

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Payload Influencers • Frame Type • All-up Weight (without the camera) • Battery (3.7V per LiPO cell) • ESC (Max Amperage) • Motor • Propeller (Length and Pitch)

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© 2014 Tom Paulus But how much power is needed to turn a propeller at a certain speed? Bob Boucher’s Electric Motor Handbook states that the following formula works well for most two-bladed propellers: • Propeller constant of APC propeller is 1.11 • Propeller diameter in feet = 10 * 0.0833 = 0.83 • Propeller pitch in feet = 4.5 * 0.0833 = 0.37 • Estimated RPM = 9000 / 1000 = 9 Power required to spin the propeller = 1.11 * 0.83^4 * 0.37 * 9^3 = 144 Watts 1 x4.5 APC props a. 9 rpm w = Kp × d4 × Pitch × RPM3

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© 2014 Tom Paulus • 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight • Mixed Flight Time 7.7 min • Hover Flight Time 11 min • Hover at 49% Throttle input • Possible Payload 493 g • Max Speed 25.5 mph Baseline 120 W 100 F

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© 2014 Tom Paulus • 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 4 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight • Mixed Flight Time 8.1 min • Hover Flight Time 14 min • Hover at 28% Throttle input • Theo. Payload 1300 g • Max Speed 38.5 mph 4 Cell Battery 225 W 127 F

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© 2014 Tom Paulus • 3 Rotors 11 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight • Mixed Flight Time 7.8 min • Hover Flight Time 12 min • Hover at 38% Throttle input • Possible Payload 812 g • Max Speed 26.7 mph 11’ Propeller 144 W 109 F

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© 2014 Tom Paulus • 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1000g All-up Weight • Mixed Flight Time 7.7 min • Hover Flight Time 11 min • Hover at 49% Throttle input • Possible Payload 493 g • Max Speed 25.5 mph Baseline 120 W 100 F

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© 2014 Tom Paulus • 3 Rotors 10 x 4.5 • 2500 mAh 3 Cell Battery • Motors 980 rpm/V Motors • 1350g All-up Weight • Mixed Flight Time 5.6 min • Hover Flight Time 7 min • Hover at 72% Throttle input • Possible Payload 143 g • Max Speed 14.9 mph Payload 120 W 100 F

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Transmitter

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Transmitter Altitude

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Transmitter Forward Backward

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Right Transmitter Left

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Transmitter Spin Right Spin Left

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Questions?

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Summary We looked at… - Do I Build or Buy? - Various Components Essential to your Copter - What kind of payloads you can carry

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© 2014 Tom Paulus Demo