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Sustainable Urban Design Introduction to an ideaworld KTH SCUD | 17.03.09 | John Manoochehri | RV

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Agenda Points JM Intro Policy/Research, Strategy Consulting, Design Consulting and Design Sustainability Background History, International Context, Science Summary Concepts Triple Bottom Line, Systematic Sustainability, Visions Sustainable Urban Design Review Trophy, Bottom-Up, & Integrated Projects Ideas to Practice Parks, Nets, Knowledge

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John Manoochehri / RV

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OXFORD > UN

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OXFORD > UN SCOE CO-OP 2001

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OXFORD > UN SCOE CO-OP 2001 RV CONSULT RESEARCH 2003 SCIENCE P&C POLICY STRATEGY

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OXFORD > UN SCOE CO-OP 2001 RV CONSULT RESEARCH 2003 SCIENCE P&C POLICY STRATEGY RV DESIGN 2006 RTA (KTH, SURREY) GENERAL A + UD CONSULT DESIGN COLLABORATION LIFESTYLE DESIGN UPD SDUS WRITING

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OXFORD > UN SCOE CO-OP 2001 RV CONSULT RESEARCH 2003 SCIENCE P&C POLICY STRATEGY RV DESIGN 2006 RTA (KTH, SURREY) GENERAL A + UD CONSULT DESIGN COLLABORATION LIFESTYLE DESIGN UPD SDUS WRITING ⊗R/ ⊖U

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Sustainability Background

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HISTORY

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Pre-Enlightenment Ancients Lao Tzu, Plato, Asoka: c.500 BCE Industrial Revolution Romantics Muir, Ruskin, Thoreau: late 19th C Early Scientists Pinchot, Leopold, Geddes: 19th-20th 20th C Disasters Minamata Bay, Torrey Canyon, Chernobyl: 60s-80s Scientists Carson, Meadows, Commoner, Ehrlich: 60s, 70s Green Ideologues Kelly, Bahro, Porritt: 80s HISTORY

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Pre-Enlightenment Ancients Lao Tzu, Plato, Asoka: c.500 BCE Industrial Revolution Romantics Muir, Ruskin, Thoreau: late 19th C Early Scientists Pinchot, Leopold, Geddes: 19th-20th 20th C Disasters Minamata Bay, Torrey Canyon, Chernobyl: 60s-80s Scientists Carson, Meadows, Commoner, Ehrlich: 60s, 70s Green Ideologues Kelly, Bahro, Porritt: 80s HISTORY

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Pre-Enlightenment Ancients Lao Tzu, Plato, Asoka: c.500 BCE Industrial Revolution Romantics Muir, Ruskin, Thoreau: late 19th C Early Scientists Pinchot, Leopold, Geddes: 19th-20th 20th C Disasters Minamata Bay, Torrey Canyon, Chernobyl: 60s-80s Scientists Carson, Meadows, Commoner, Ehrlich: 60s, 70s Green Ideologues Kelly, Bahro, Porritt: 80s HISTORY

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Pre-Enlightenment Ancients Lao Tzu, Plato, Asoka: c.500 BCE Industrial Revolution Romantics Muir, Ruskin, Thoreau: late 19th C Early Scientists Pinchot, Leopold, Geddes: 19th-20th 20th C Disasters Minamata Bay, Torrey Canyon, Chernobyl: 60s-80s Scientists Carson, Meadows, Commoner, Ehrlich: 60s, 70s Green Ideologues Kelly, Bahro, Porritt: 80s HISTORY

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Pre-Enlightenment Ancients Lao Tzu, Plato, Asoka: c.500 BCE Industrial Revolution Romantics Muir, Ruskin, Thoreau: late 19th C Early Scientists Pinchot, Leopold, Geddes: 19th-20th 20th C Disasters Minamata Bay, Torrey Canyon, Chernobyl: 60s-80s Scientists Carson, Meadows, Commoner, Ehrlich: 60s, 70s Green Ideologues Kelly, Bahro, Porritt: 80s HISTORY

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Pre-Enlightenment Ancients Lao Tzu, Plato, Asoka: c.500 BCE Industrial Revolution Romantics Muir, Ruskin, Thoreau: late 19th C Early Scientists Pinchot, Leopold, Geddes: 19th-20th 20th C Disasters Minamata Bay, Torrey Canyon, Chernobyl: 60s-80s Scientists Carson, Meadows, Commoner, Ehrlich: 60s, 70s Green Ideologues Kelly, Bahro, Porritt: 80s HISTORY

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Lack of Harmony Separation from Nature Pollution Humankind spoiling its own living environment Wise-use Lack of strategy in exploiting resources Industrial Ugliness Machinery harming Nature, humankind brutalising/being brutalised Enlightenment Inverted Separation from natural systems, lack of immediate feedbacks, lack of contextual limits Hypertechnology, Systems Complexity Super-pollution, Mega-catastrophe Politico-economic ‘anthropocentrism’ (c.f. ‘geocentrism’) Defective theories of economic development

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Lack of Harmony Separation from Nature Pollution Humankind spoiling its own living environment Wise-use Lack of strategy in exploiting resources Industrial Ugliness Machinery harming Nature, humankind brutalising/being brutalised Enlightenment Inverted Separation from natural systems, lack of immediate feedbacks, lack of contextual limits Hypertechnology, Systems Complexity Super-pollution, Mega-catastrophe Politico-economic ‘anthropocentrism’ (c.f. ‘geocentrism’) Defective theories of economic development IDEAS

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19th C National parks (Yellowstone, 1872), game reserves, scientific conservation Post-war Some intl interest (UNSCCUR ‘49) 50s-70s Anti-pollution legislation, toxics legislation, government ministries 80s Green parties, consumer action 90s Rio (UNCED ‘92) decade, international meetings

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19th C National parks (Yellowstone, 1872), game reserves, scientific conservation Post-war Some intl interest (UNSCCUR ‘49) 50s-70s Anti-pollution legislation, toxics legislation, government ministries 80s Green parties, consumer action 90s Rio (UNCED ‘92) decade, international meetings POLICY

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19th C National parks (Yellowstone, 1872), game reserves, scientific conservation Post-war Some intl interest (UNSCCUR ‘49) 50s-70s Anti-pollution legislation, toxics legislation, government ministries 80s Green parties, consumer action 90s Rio (UNCED ‘92) decade, international meetings POLICY

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19th C National parks (Yellowstone, 1872), game reserves, scientific conservation Post-war Some intl interest (UNSCCUR ‘49) 50s-70s Anti-pollution legislation, toxics legislation, government ministries 80s Green parties, consumer action 90s Rio (UNCED ‘92) decade, international meetings POLICY

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19th C National parks (Yellowstone, 1872), game reserves, scientific conservation Post-war Some intl interest (UNSCCUR ‘49) 50s-70s Anti-pollution legislation, toxics legislation, government ministries 80s Green parties, consumer action 90s Rio (UNCED ‘92) decade, international meetings POLICY

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Yield Resources/Media Forests (productivity, area) Fisheries (productivity, species) Minerals/Fossils (availability) Rangelands (cattle health/ productivity, feed sustainability, toxification) Pastures (soil depth, soil fertility, productivity, toxification): Land (urbanisation, toxification) Air (pollution) Water (freshwater stocks, pollution) Non-yield Resources Ecosystem resilience Carbon/Nitrogen/Water Cycles Climate stability Drainage Nature Species Ecosystems Biomes Aggregate Impact Eco-Footprint Environmental Space Ecosystem health CO2e concentration

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Yield Resources/Media Forests (productivity, area) Fisheries (productivity, species) Minerals/Fossils (availability) Rangelands (cattle health/ productivity, feed sustainability, toxification) Pastures (soil depth, soil fertility, productivity, toxification): Land (urbanisation, toxification) Air (pollution) Water (freshwater stocks, pollution) Non-yield Resources Ecosystem resilience Carbon/Nitrogen/Water Cycles Climate stability Drainage Nature Species Ecosystems Biomes Aggregate Impact Eco-Footprint Environmental Space Ecosystem health CO2e concentration SCIENCE

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Yield Resources/Media Forests (productivity, area) Fisheries (productivity, species) Minerals/Fossils (availability) Rangelands (cattle health/ productivity, feed sustainability, toxification) Pastures (soil depth, soil fertility, productivity, toxification): Land (urbanisation, toxification) Air (pollution) Water (freshwater stocks, pollution) Non-yield Resources Ecosystem resilience Carbon/Nitrogen/Water Cycles Climate stability Drainage Nature Species Ecosystems Biomes Aggregate Impact Eco-Footprint Environmental Space Ecosystem health CO2e concentration SCIENCE

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Yield Resources/Media Forests (productivity, area) Fisheries (productivity, species) Minerals/Fossils (availability) Rangelands (cattle health/ productivity, feed sustainability, toxification) Pastures (soil depth, soil fertility, productivity, toxification): Land (urbanisation, toxification) Air (pollution) Water (freshwater stocks, pollution) Non-yield Resources Ecosystem resilience Carbon/Nitrogen/Water Cycles Climate stability Drainage Nature Species Ecosystems Biomes Aggregate Impact Eco-Footprint Environmental Space Ecosystem health CO2e concentration SCIENCE

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Yield Resources/Media Forests (productivity, area) Fisheries (productivity, species) Minerals/Fossils (availability) Rangelands (cattle health/ productivity, feed sustainability, toxification) Pastures (soil depth, soil fertility, productivity, toxification): Land (urbanisation, toxification) Air (pollution) Water (freshwater stocks, pollution) Non-yield Resources Ecosystem resilience Carbon/Nitrogen/Water Cycles Climate stability Drainage Nature Species Ecosystems Biomes Aggregate Impact Eco-Footprint Environmental Space Ecosystem health CO2e concentration SCIENCE

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Yield Resources/Media Forests (productivity, area) Fisheries (productivity, species) Minerals/Fossils (availability) Rangelands (cattle health/ productivity, feed sustainability, toxification) Pastures (soil depth, soil fertility, productivity, toxification): Land (urbanisation, toxification) Air (pollution) Water (freshwater stocks, pollution) Non-yield Resources Ecosystem resilience Carbon/Nitrogen/Water Cycles Climate stability Drainage Nature Species Ecosystems Biomes Aggregate Impact Eco-Footprint Environmental Space Ecosystem health CO2e concentration SCIENCE

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Yield Resources/Media Forests (productivity, area) Fisheries (productivity, species) Minerals/Fossils (availability) Rangelands (cattle health/ productivity, feed sustainability, toxification) Pastures (soil depth, soil fertility, productivity, toxification): Land (urbanisation, toxification) Air (pollution) Water (freshwater stocks, pollution) Non-yield Resources Ecosystem resilience Carbon/Nitrogen/Water Cycles Climate stability Drainage Nature Species Ecosystems Biomes Aggregate Impact Eco-Footprint Environmental Space Ecosystem health CO2e concentration SCIENCE

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Mandates Policy frameworks (Agenda 21), Changed mandates (GATT) Institutional development Government Agencies and Ministries Policies Regulatory: Preservation, Anti-pollution Fiscal: Resource-use taxes, Behaviour taxes, Funding for research Informational: consumer education/information Concepts Sustainable development (Climate change)

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Mandates Policy frameworks (Agenda 21), Changed mandates (GATT) Institutional development Government Agencies and Ministries Policies Regulatory: Preservation, Anti-pollution Fiscal: Resource-use taxes, Behaviour taxes, Funding for research Informational: consumer education/information Concepts Sustainable development (Climate change) POLICY ACTION

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Classical Sustainable Development ? Sustainable Social Successful SD

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Clean by Technology Biotech, Bioremeditation, Nuclear, Pollution Capture, Mega-engineering Efficiency by Design Full-system design, Advanced composites, Intelligent Controls, Passive Systems Better-organised by Systems Public systems, Product-Service-Systems, Changed business models Sufficiency by Simplicity Upshift, Locality, Quality

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Clean by Technology Biotech, Bioremeditation, Nuclear, Pollution Capture, Mega-engineering Efficiency by Design Full-system design, Advanced composites, Intelligent Controls, Passive Systems Better-organised by Systems Public systems, Product-Service-Systems, Changed business models Sufficiency by Simplicity Upshift, Locality, Quality VISIONS

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Clean by Technology Biotech, Bioremeditation, Nuclear, Pollution Capture, Mega-engineering Efficiency by Design Full-system design, Advanced composites, Intelligent Controls, Passive Systems Better-organised by Systems Public systems, Product-Service-Systems, Changed business models Sufficiency by Simplicity Upshift, Locality, Quality VISIONS

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Clean by Technology Biotech, Bioremeditation, Nuclear, Pollution Capture, Mega-engineering Efficiency by Design Full-system design, Advanced composites, Intelligent Controls, Passive Systems Better-organised by Systems Public systems, Product-Service-Systems, Changed business models Sufficiency by Simplicity Upshift, Locality, Quality VISIONS

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Clean by Technology Biotech, Bioremeditation, Nuclear, Pollution Capture, Mega-engineering Efficiency by Design Full-system design, Advanced composites, Intelligent Controls, Passive Systems Better-organised by Systems Public systems, Product-Service-Systems, Changed business models Sufficiency by Simplicity Upshift, Locality, Quality VISIONS

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Clean by Technology Biotech, Bioremeditation, Nuclear, Pollution Capture, Mega-engineering Efficiency by Design Full-system design, Advanced composites, Intelligent Controls, Passive Systems Better-organised by Systems Public systems, Product-Service-Systems, Changed business models Sufficiency by Simplicity Upshift, Locality, Quality VISIONS

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Sustainability Concepts

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1 MATERIAL CULTURE 2 PROBLEMS 3 SOLUTIONS 4 ENABLERS 1234

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0 CRITIQUE

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BINARY DEBATE TECHNOLOGY OF SUPPLY? FORCING MASS SOCIAL CHANGE? ENVIRONMENTAL VS SUSTAINABLE TOTAL MATERIALISATION? CONDITIONED MATERIALISATION? DESIGN VS ENGINEERING DESIGN? CREATIVITY? HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CREATIVITY FREEDOM OBSCURITY? COHERENT STRUCTURE? MASKING OF POLITICS? SOCIAL ISSUES? APPROPRIATE RELATIONSHIP? SERIOUS TREATMENT? COST? FEASIBLE? COST EFFECTIVE? 0 CRITIQUE

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1 MATERIAL CULTURE

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RESOURCES MEDIA APPLICATIONS FUNCTION 1 MATERIAL CULTURE

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SUNLIGHT FOSSILS MINERALS BIOTA LIFESYSTEMS WATER SOIL LANDSPACE FOOD POWER GOODS MOBILITY BUILDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE ACTIVITY VALUE EXPERIENCE WELFARE RESOURCES MEDIA APPLICATIONS FUNCTION 1 MATERIAL CULTURE

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2 PROBLEM

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A BIOPHYSICAL RESOURCE LIMITS ABSORPTION (pollution, waste) STOCKS (freshwater, oil, minerals) SERVICES (climate, nutrient cycling, resilience) INPUTS (solar, tidal) B NATURE VULNERABILITY SPECIES ECOSYSTEMS LANDSCAPES 2 PROBLEM

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3 SOLUTIONS

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A SUPPLY POLLUTION REDUCTION STOCK CONSERVATION NATURE PRESERVATION B DEMAND BETTER APPLICATION OF RESOURCES C ETHICS ME/US ETHICS THEM ETHICS 3 SOLUTIONS

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4 ENABLERS

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A INFORMATION B PRICES C LAWS D OTHER STUFF 4 ENABLERS

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1 MATERIAL CULTURE 2 PROBLEMS 3 SOLUTIONS 4 ENABLERS 1234

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SUPPLY MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT ETHICAL TRANSFORM Pollution Reduction Conservation Mgt Preservation Efficiency Me/Us-focussed reductions Them-focussed reductions Solution Concepts ⊖ ⊗ ⊗

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SUPPLY MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT ETHICAL TRANSFORM SAFE USE SUBSTITUTES of/for Nature EFFICIENCY of Resource Use ETHICS of People/Society CONCEPTS ⊖ ⊗ ⊗

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SUPPLY MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT ETHICAL TRANSFORM SAFETY SUBSTITUTION EFFICIENCY ETHICS SKILLS? METHODS? SKILLS? METHODS? SKILLS? METHODS? APPLICATION ⊖ ⊗ ⊗

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SUPPLY MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT ETHICAL TRANSFORM SAFETY SUBSTITUTES EFFICIENCY ETHICS ! ? ! BORING ! IMPOSSIBLE ⊖ ⊗ ⊗ BUILT APPLICATIONS

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SUPPLY MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT ETHICAL TRANSFORM SAFETY SUBSTITUTES EFFICIENCY ETHICS ! ? ! NO MONEY MORE LIMITS ! POLITICS COST! SCALE! POLITICS! ⊖ ⊗ ⊗

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Sustainble Urban Design

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Trophy Projects Players Grimshaw, Eden Project Arup, Dongtan Skanska, UN HQ Liebeskind, Freedom Tower Questions Reality vs Communication? Risk/Cost vs Benefit? Replicability?

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Trophy Projects Players Grimshaw, Eden Project Arup, Dongtan Skanska, UN HQ Liebeskind, Freedom Tower Questions Reality vs Communication? Risk/Cost vs Benefit? Replicability?

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Trophy Projects Players Grimshaw, Eden Project Arup, Dongtan Skanska, UN HQ Liebeskind, Freedom Tower Questions Reality vs Communication? Risk/Cost vs Benefit? Replicability?

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Trophy Projects Players Grimshaw, Eden Project Arup, Dongtan Skanska, UN HQ Liebeskind, Freedom Tower Questions Reality vs Communication? Risk/Cost vs Benefit? Replicability?

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Bottom-Up Projects Players Ecolonia, Netherlands Findhorn, Scotland Slagelse, Denmark Questions Community input vs time/development? Scale? Aesthetic? Developer takeaways?

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Bottom-Up Projects Players Ecolonia, Netherlands Findhorn, Scotland Slagelse, Denmark Questions Community input vs time/development? Scale? Aesthetic? Developer takeaways?

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Bottom-Up Projects Players Ecolonia, Netherlands Findhorn, Scotland Slagelse, Denmark Questions Community input vs time/development? Scale? Aesthetic? Developer takeaways?

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Emerging Projects Players Mata de Sesimbra, OPL/Quintain Espana Classical, Classical Renaissance Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm Ekoviikki, Helsinki Nordhavnen, Copenhagen Hyllie, Malmö Questions Risk spreading vs slow project? Public vs profit Conservation vs sustainability? Real social interest vs Leisure markets?

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Emerging Projects Players Mata de Sesimbra, OPL/Quintain Espana Classical, Classical Renaissance Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm Ekoviikki, Helsinki Nordhavnen, Copenhagen Hyllie, Malmö Questions Risk spreading vs slow project? Public vs profit Conservation vs sustainability? Real social interest vs Leisure markets?

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Emerging Projects Players Mata de Sesimbra, OPL/Quintain Espana Classical, Classical Renaissance Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm Ekoviikki, Helsinki Nordhavnen, Copenhagen Hyllie, Malmö Questions Risk spreading vs slow project? Public vs profit Conservation vs sustainability? Real social interest vs Leisure markets?

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Emerging Projects Players Mata de Sesimbra, OPL/Quintain Espana Classical, Classical Renaissance Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm Ekoviikki, Helsinki Nordhavnen, Copenhagen Hyllie, Malmö Questions Risk spreading vs slow project? Public vs profit Conservation vs sustainability? Real social interest vs Leisure markets?

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Emerging Projects Players Mata de Sesimbra, OPL/Quintain Espana Classical, Classical Renaissance Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm Ekoviikki, Helsinki Nordhavnen, Copenhagen Hyllie, Malmö Questions Risk spreading vs slow project? Public vs profit Conservation vs sustainability? Real social interest vs Leisure markets?

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Emerging Projects Players Mata de Sesimbra, OPL/Quintain Espana Classical, Classical Renaissance Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm Ekoviikki, Helsinki Nordhavnen, Copenhagen Hyllie, Malmö Questions Risk spreading vs slow project? Public vs profit Conservation vs sustainability? Real social interest vs Leisure markets?

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Ideas to Practice

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IMPACT MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT ETHICS Principles Domains CLEAN/ABUNDANT/CONTROLLED EFFICIENT/DESIGNED/ NETWORKED/SKILLED MEDIA Soil Space Earth Water RESOURCES Fossils Life-systems Minerals Biota APPLICATIONS Power Housing Mobility Food Goods Infrastructure MY NEEDS/THEIR NEEDS SUSTAINABILITY Methods Pollution Capture Technolgy Waste Management Recapture Technology Remediation Technology Toxics Reduction Scientific Management Source Substitution Park Management Preservation Research Remediation & Restoration Sheer reductions in all consumption Choice of impact-managed lifestyles Choice of demand-managed lifestyles Direct, personal reductions of impacts and resource demands Process Efficiency Product Efficieny Recycled Materials Recycling Durability Localisation Multiple Simultaneous Functionality Multiple Sequential Functionality Intensive Simultaneous Usage Intensive Sequential Usage User-adapting Technology Skills-in-use of User Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Protection Resource Efficiency Functional Efficiency Use Efficiency Welfare Efficiency Sufficiency-Limits Respect-Limits

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IMPACT MANAGEMENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT ETHICS Principles Domains CLEAN/ABUNDANT/CONTROLLED EFFICIENT/DESIGNED/ NETWORKED/SKILLED MEDIA Soil Space Earth Water RESOURCES Fossils Life-systems Minerals Biota APPLICATIONS Power Housing Mobility Food Goods Infrastructure MY NEEDS/THEIR NEEDS SUSTAINABILITY Urban Design Themes Life Park Functional green spaces Industry Park Urban-scale industrial production, in resoruce loops Service Park Products and services, delivered commercially, designed by community, from central locations Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation/Production Nature Protection Resource Efficiency Functional Efficiency Use Efficiency Welfare Efficiency Sufficiency-Limits Respect-Limits Parks Networks Resource Net Resource cycling through industry notes in urban area Energy Net Biomass (from Life Park) feeds co-generation of electricity and hot water across urban space Transport Net Multi-modal public transport with smart-card/GPS access EYE Net Transparent, community-designed, commercial access to goods Knowledge Substance Palette Limited, sustainability-led specific of materials for area Information Plaza Public environmental/social information source Pledge Bank Public reposititory of personal commitments to act EYE Web Online, mobile view of available goods & services

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IMPACT MANAGEMENT Principles Domains CLEAN/ABUNDANT/CONTROLLED MEDIA RESOURCES APPLICATIONS Urban Design Theme Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation/ Natural Resource Production Nature Protection Life Park Functional green spaces Industry Park Urban-scale industrial production, in resoruce loops Service Park Products and services, delivered commercially, designed by community, from central locations Parks Soil Space Earth Water Fossils Life-systems Minerals Biota Power Housing Mobility Food Goods Infrastructure

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Principles Urban Design Theme Resource Efficiency Functional Efficiency Use Efficiency Welfare Efficiency Domains MEDIA RESOURCES APPLICATIONS Soil Space Earth Water Fossils Life-systems Minerals Biota Power Housing Mobility Food Goods Infrastructure Networks Resource Net Resource cycling through industry notes in urban area Energy Net Biomass (from Life Park) feeds co-generation of electricity and hot water across urban space Transport Net Multi-modal public transport with smart-card/GPS access EYE Net Transparent, community-designed, commercial access to goods DEMAND MANAGEMENT EFFICIENT/DESIGNED/ NETWORKED/SKILLED

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ETHICS Principles MY NEEDS/THEIR NEEDS Urban Design Theme Domains MEDIA RESOURCES APPLICATIONS Soil Space Earth Water Fossils Life-systems Minerals Biota Power Housing Mobility Food Goods Infrastructure Sufficiency-Limits Respect-Limits Knowledge Substance Palette Limited, sustainability-led specific of materials for area Information Plaza Public environmental/social information source Pledge Bank Public reposititory of personal commitments to act EYE Web Online, mobile view of available goods & services

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Sustainable Urban Design Introduction to an ideaworld KTH SCUD | 17.03.09 | John Manoochehri | RV resourcevision.se | jm@resourcevision.se