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❤
Hello Japan!
❤
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What have I learned here?
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Is ramen still awesome?
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Is Java more popular
than ruby?
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Is Ruby still dying?
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Is RubyKaigi still
awesome?
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❤
Hello RubyKaigi!
❤
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Anton Davydov
github.com/davydovanton
twitter.com/anton_davydov
davydovanton.com
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Stickers
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~200 slides
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Architecture
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No content
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Why?
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Trying to unify architecture
ideas for hanami projects
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Getting feedback
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Problems
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Management
Performance
Maintenance
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Management
Performance
Maintenance
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Clean code
Good architecture
Maintainable product
Pretty code
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Clean code
Good architecture
Maintainable product
Pretty code
biased
view
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What do we really
want?
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To add new features
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Isolation
Sequential logic
No global state
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Delete (refactoring)
old code
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Isolation
Test coverage
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Conclusions
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Isolation
Sequential logic
No global state
Test coverage
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But we live in a real
world
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class InstitutionsController < ApplicationController
load_and_authorize_resource :only => [:destroy,:edit,:new,:create,:update]
before_filter :authenticate_user!, :except =>
[:student_registration, :show, :validate_registration_pin, :result, :admission, :buy_registration_pin,:paygate_callback_failure, :paygate_cancel, :paygate_pending, :paygate_callback_success, :pi
nsaction_info_print]
before_filter :find_institution, :except =>
[:show,:index, :new, :create, :semesters_for_institute_type, :start_end_date_for_assessment_period, :courses_for_batch, :paygate_callback_failure, :paygate_cancel, :paygate_pending, :paygate_cal
_success, :pin_transaction_info_print]
before_filter :add_bread_crumb,:except => [:show]
def paygate_callback_success
@pay_gate_config = YAML::load(File.open("#{Rails.root}/config/pay_gate_config.yml"))[Rails.env]
@payment = TransactionRecord.find_by_order_number(params[:OrderID])
uri = URI("https://fidelitypaygate.fidelitybankplc.com/cipg/MerchantServices/UpayTransactionStatus.ashx")
parameters = {:MERCHANT_ID => "#{@pay_gate_config['merchant_id']}", :ORDER_ID => "#{@payment.order_number}"}
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(parameters)
result =open(uri).read
result_hash = Hash.from_xml(result)
record_payment_details(result_hash)
if result_hash["CIPG"]["StatusCode"] == PaymentRecord::PAYMENT_SUCCESS_CODE
if @payment.transactionable_type.eql?("PaymentRecord")
redirect_to institution_fees_path(@payment.transactionable_type.fee.institution), :notice => "Payment transaction has been #{result_hash['CIPG']['Status']}"
elsif @payment.transactionable_type.eql?("PinBuyerInfo")
unless @payment.transactionable.pin_id.present?
@registration = @payment.transactionable.registration
@valid_registration_pin_groups = @registration.valid_registration_pin_groups
@online_valid_registration_pin_groups = @valid_registration_pin_groups.where(:pin_available_type => 'Online')
@offline_valid_registration_pin_groups = @valid_registration_pin_groups.where(:pin_available_type => 'Offline')
@available_pin = nil
@online_valid_registration_pin_groups.each do |vpg|
if vpg.available_pins.present?
@available_pin = vpg.available_pins.first
break
else
next
end
end
if !@available_pin.present?
@offline_valid_registration_pin_groups.each do |vpg|
if vpg.available_pins.present?
@available_pin = vpg.available_pins.first
break
else
next
end
end
end
if @available_pin.present?
@payment.transactionable.pin_id = @available_pin.id
@payment.transactionable.save
@available_pin.is_available = false
@available_pin.save
@available_pin.reload
if @available_pin.pin_group.pin_available_type == 'Offline'
@message = "Your Order Number is #{@payment.order_number}. Please Print Transaction report to claim you PIN from Institution."
else
@assigned_pin = @available_pin.number
@message = "Your PIN is #{@assigned_pin}. Please keep this PIN secret."
end
else
@message = "No pin available for #{@registration.name}. Your order number is #{@payment.order_number}.Please contact with institution to get your money back if you have paid."
end
else
pin = Pin.find @payment.transactionable.pin_id
if(pin.present? && pin.pin_group.pin_available_type == 'Offline')
@message = "Your Order Number is #{@payment.order_number}. Please Print Transaction report to claim you PIN from Institution."
else
@available_pin = Pin.find @payment.transactionable.pin_id
@assigned_pin = @available_pin.number
@message = "Your PIN is #{ @assigned_pin}. Please keep this PIN secret."
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How can we improve
the situation?
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No content
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Abstraction
Actions
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class InstitutionsController < ApplicationController
load_and_authorize_resource :only => [:destroy,:edit,:new,:create,:update]
before_filter :authenticate_user!, :except =>
[:student_registration, :show, :validate_registration_pin, :result, :admission, :buy_registration_pin,:paygate_callback_failure, :paygate_cancel, :paygate_pending, :paygate_callback_success, :pi
nsaction_info_print]
before_filter :find_institution, :except =>
[:show,:index, :new, :create, :semesters_for_institute_type, :start_end_date_for_assessment_period, :courses_for_batch, :paygate_callback_failure, :paygate_cancel, :paygate_pending, :paygate_cal
_success, :pin_transaction_info_print]
before_filter :add_bread_crumb,:except => [:show]
def paygate_callback_success
@pay_gate_config = YAML::load(File.open("#{Rails.root}/config/pay_gate_config.yml"))[Rails.env]
@payment = TransactionRecord.find_by_order_number(params[:OrderID])
uri = URI("https://fidelitypaygate.fidelitybankplc.com/cipg/MerchantServices/UpayTransactionStatus.ashx")
parameters = {:MERCHANT_ID => "#{@pay_gate_config['merchant_id']}", :ORDER_ID => "#{@payment.order_number}"}
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(parameters)
result =open(uri).read
result_hash = Hash.from_xml(result)
record_payment_details(result_hash)
if result_hash["CIPG"]["StatusCode"] == PaymentRecord::PAYMENT_SUCCESS_CODE
if @payment.transactionable_type.eql?("PaymentRecord")
redirect_to institution_fees_path(@payment.transactionable_type.fee.institution), :notice => "Payment transaction has been #{result_hash['CIPG']['Status']}"
elsif @payment.transactionable_type.eql?("PinBuyerInfo")
unless @payment.transactionable.pin_id.present?
@registration = @payment.transactionable.registration
@valid_registration_pin_groups = @registration.valid_registration_pin_groups
@online_valid_registration_pin_groups = @valid_registration_pin_groups.where(:pin_available_type => 'Online')
@offline_valid_registration_pin_groups = @valid_registration_pin_groups.where(:pin_available_type => 'Offline')
@available_pin = nil
@online_valid_registration_pin_groups.each do |vpg|
if vpg.available_pins.present?
@available_pin = vpg.available_pins.first
break
else
next
end
end
if !@available_pin.present?
@offline_valid_registration_pin_groups.each do |vpg|
if vpg.available_pins.present?
@available_pin = vpg.available_pins.first
break
else
next
end
end
end
if @available_pin.present?
@payment.transactionable.pin_id = @available_pin.id
@payment.transactionable.save
@available_pin.is_available = false
@available_pin.save
@available_pin.reload
if @available_pin.pin_group.pin_available_type == 'Offline'
@message = "Your Order Number is #{@payment.order_number}. Please Print Transaction report to claim you PIN from Institution."
else
@assigned_pin = @available_pin.number
@message = "Your PIN is #{@assigned_pin}. Please keep this PIN secret."
end
else
@message = "No pin available for #{@registration.name}. Your order number is #{@payment.order_number}.Please contact with institution to get your money back if you have paid."
end
else
pin = Pin.find @payment.transactionable.pin_id
if(pin.present? && pin.pin_group.pin_available_type == 'Offline')
@message = "Your Order Number is #{@payment.order_number}. Please Print Transaction report to claim you PIN from Institution."
else
@available_pin = Pin.find @payment.transactionable.pin_id
@assigned_pin = @available_pin.number
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MVC
V and C MVC
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Solutions?
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Abstraction
Functional (callable)
objects
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Services
Interactors
dry-transactions
dry-monads (DO notations)
Operations
Etc.
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func_object = FuncObject.new
func_object.call(params)
# => result object with state
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func_object = FuncObject.new
func_object.call(params)
# => result object with state
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func_object = FuncObject.new
func_object.call(params)
# => result object
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Isolation
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def call(params)
result = FuncObject.new.call(params)
if result.successful?
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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def call(params)
result = FuncObject.new.call(params)
if result.successful?
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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def call(params)
result = FuncObject.new.call(params)
if result.successful?
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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Logic sequence
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class Create
include Dry::Transaction
include Dry::Matcher
Dry::Validation.load_extensions(:monads)
VALIDATOR = Dry::Validation.JSON do
# ...
end
step :extract
step :validate
step :create
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class Create
include Dry::Transaction
include Dry::Matcher
Dry::Validation.load_extensions(:monads)
VALIDATOR = Dry::Validation.JSON do
# ...
end
step :extract
step :validate
step :create
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class Interactor
def call(payload)
data = yield extract!(payload)
entity = yield validate!(data)
create!(entity)
end
# …
end
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class Interactor
def call(payload)
extract!
validate!
create!
end
# …
end
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No global state
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def call(params)
result = FuncObject.new.call(params)
if result.successful?
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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Easy testing
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def initialize(object: FuncObject.new)
@object = object
end
def call(params)
result = @object.call(params)
if result.successful?
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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def initialize(object: FuncObject.new)
@object = object
end
def call(params)
result = @object.call(params)
if result.successful?
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
Dependency Injection ❤
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let(:action) { Create.new(object: SuccessObject.new) }
it { expect(action.call(params).to eq ... }
let(:action) { Create.new(object: FailedObject.new) }
it { expect(action.call(params).to eq ... }
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let(:other_object) { -> (_) { nil } }
let(:object) { Create.new(object: other_object) }
it { expect(action.call(params).to eq ... }
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Objects can call
other objects
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Actions Interactors Libs
Objects
(public) (private)
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Problems
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So many objects,
how to manage it?
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Long names for objects — like:
Interactors::CreateUserWithTask
Interactors::Module::CreateUserWithTask
Interactors::Module::Module::CreateUserWithTask
Orders::Current::Coupons::Operations::Apply
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We have to initialize
instances every time
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Containers!
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Abstraction
Containers
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Dry-container
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When someone tries to sell me dry-rb
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Container = Dry::Container.new
Container.register('interactors.create_user', Interactors::CreateUser.new)
Container['interactors.create_user']
# => Interactors::CreateUser instance
Container['interactors.create_user'].call(...)
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Container = Dry::Container.new
Container.register('interactors.create_user', Interactors::CreateUser.new)
Container['interactors.create_user']
# => Interactors::CreateUser instance
Container['interactors.create_user'].call(...)
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Container = Dry::Container.new
Container.register('interactors.create_user', Interactors::CreateUser.new)
Container['interactors.create_user']
# => Interactors::CreateUser instance
Container['interactors.create_user'].call(...)
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def call(params)
result = Container['interactors.create_user'].call(params)
if result[:successful]
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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Pros
• Controlled global state (in one place)
• Memorizing instances
• Mocs for testing
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But we can use it
better!
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Abstraction
Dry-auto_inject
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No content
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Why?
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Dependency injection
on steroids
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Import = Dry::AutoInject(Container)
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include Import[‘interactors.create_user']
def call(params)
result = create_user.call(params)
if result[:successful]
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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include Import[‘interactors.create_user']
def call(params)
result = create_user.call(params)
if result[:successful]
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
Dependency Injection ❤
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include Import[‘interactors.create_user']
def call(params)
result = create_user.call(params)
if result[:successful]
flash[:info] = INFO_MESSAGE
redirect_to routes.tasks_path
else
self.body = …
end
end
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let(:action) { Create.new(create_user:
MockObject.new) }
it { expect(action.call(params).to eq ... }
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Abstraction
Models
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MVC
V and C MVC
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What can we do with it?
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No logic
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No validations
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Just save and load data
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Query objects
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Query objects
Repositories
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No content
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Changesets
or
Command pattern (?)
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Drop callbacks
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Sequential logic
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Examples
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class CreateUser
include Import['repos.user_repo']
def call(payload)
user_repo.create(payload.merge(created_on: Date.today
end
end
CreateUser.new.call(user_data)
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Abstraction
Applications
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Rails App #1
Model
Services
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Rails App #2
Model
Services
Rails App #1
Model
Services
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Rails App #1
Rails App #2
Model
Services
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Rails App #1
Rails App #2
Model
Services
Rails App #3
Model
Services
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Rails App #1 Rails App #3
Rails App #2
Model
Services
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No content
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App App App
lib
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App App App
lib
Shared between apps
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No content
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Actions Interactors Libs
(public) (private)
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Apps Interactors Libs
(public) (private)
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web
admin #1
admin #2 ==> business
api logic
mobile
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App App App
lib
One server instance
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App App App
lib
One server instance
App App App
lib
App App App
lib
App App App
lib
App App App
lib
App App App
lib
App App App
lib
App App App
lib
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Problems?
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Hard not to forgot
about other apps
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Sometimes
you have to use
another logic
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No content
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Warning: Advanced level
You can build projects
without it
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Abstraction
dry-system
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Dependency
management system
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Auto register
dependency to
container
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No content
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No content
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No content
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Dependency booting
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No content
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Abstraction
Domains
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DDD
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No content
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No content
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Separate domains
for different business
values
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Each domain
isolated from others
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pros
easy to create separated
services: just replace code
domains + containers = ❤
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cons
hard to start
so much files™
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No content
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http is a small part
of system
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No content
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websockets
rack
background processing
ETL
…
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They all use business
logic
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No content
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System consists
of the different events
(Event Storming)
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No content
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User created
Post created
User updated
Payment added
Order completed
…
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Abstraction
Event Sourcing
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No content
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No content
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No content
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Events
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Event
log
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Event
log
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Event
log
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No content
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No content
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No content
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But we need to
calculate all events
for get current state
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CQRS
(Command Query
Responsibility
Segregation)
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– Martin Fowler
“You can use a different
model to update information
than the model you use to
read information”
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Event log
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Event log
SQL
Elastic
NoSql
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Event log
SQL
Elastic
NoSql
Current State
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Event log
SQL
Elastic
NoSql
Current State
Current State
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Event log
SQL
Elastic
NoSql
Current State
Current State
Ap Ap Ap
lib
Ap Ap Ap
lib
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Pros
• Each service isolated
• All processing is in the background
• Easy to add instances for service
• Can be written on any language and you
can call it from any app
• Persistance
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Cons
• Not a silver bullet
• Hard to understand the whole chain of events
• Complicated
• Another architecture type
with different DB structure
• Not popular in ruby
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How to start to use it
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No content
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github.com/RailsEventStore/
rails_event_store
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github.com/zilverline/sequent
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hanami-events
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Proof of concept
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Just pub sub
transport layer
with event versions
and types
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Not only rails and hanami
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Event Sourcing
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Conclusions
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Isolate it
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Don’t use anything
having no idea
why do you need it
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Maintenance is
important
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github.com/davydovanton/
hanami-architecture
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github.com/davydovanton/
cookie_box
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git.io/vFxl1
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github.com/davydovanton
twitter.com/anton_davydov
davydovanton.com
Thank you ❤