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Hi, I’m Thijs
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I’m
@ThijsFeryn
on Twitter
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I’m an
at
Evangelist
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I’m a
at
board member
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Create and configure
lightweight,
reproducible, and
portable development
environments.
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Why?
Why?
Why?
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•Environment per project
•Dev ~= Test ~= Staging ~= Prod
•Easy to define & transport
•Easy to tear down
•Provisionable: infrastructure as code
•Versionable
•Shared across the team
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Vagrantfile Vagrant box
vagrant up
How Vagrant works
Provisioning
scripts
VM’s on your
computer
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Generate a
Vagrantfile
$ vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64
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•Select base box
•Choose virtualization provider
•Configure VM parameters
•Configure networking
•Tweak SSH settings
•Mount local folders
•Provision machine
What does a Vagrantfile do?
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Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.synced_folder "./www", "/var/www"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "1024"
vb.cpus = "4"
end
config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
ansible.playbook = "ansible/playbook.yml"
end
end
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Boxes
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http://vagrantcloud.com
Search
for public
boxes
Official
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http://www.packer.io
Build
your own
boxes
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https://docs.vagrantup.com/
v2/boxes/base.html
Or do it
manually
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http://atlas.hashicorp.com
Host
your boxes
in the
Cloud
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Manage boxes
$ vagrant box add hashicorp/precise64
$ vagrant box add precise32 http://
files.vagrantup.com/precise32.box -‐-‐provider
virtualbox
$ vagrant box list
$ vagrant box remove hashicorp/precise64
$ vagrant box repackage precise32 virtualbox 0
$ vagrant box outdated
$ vagrant box update
$ vagrant package
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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
end Vagrantfile
can do this
too
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "precise32"
config.vm.box_url = "http://
files.vagrantup.com/precise32.box"
end
URL for
self-hosted
boxes
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Vagrant up & running
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•vagrant up
•vagrant suspend
•vagrant halt
•vagrant reload
•vagrant destroy
•vagrant status
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Connect
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vagrant ssh
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•Passwordless login
•SSH keys
•Generated on vagrant up
•Private key in .vagrant folder
of your project
•Public key in authorized_keys
file for vagrant user
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vagrant ssh-config
Host default
HostName 127.0.0.1
User vagrant
Port 2202
UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
StrictHostKeyChecking no
PasswordAuthentication no
IdentityFile /Users/thijs/Sites/
vagrantup/.vagrant/machines/default/
virtualbox/private_key
IdentitiesOnly yes
LogLevel FATAL
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Networking
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Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
config.vm.network "public_network"
end
Networking
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Synced folders
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By default your
project folder is
mounted as
/vagrant
on the guest VM
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Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
config.vm.network “public_network"
config.vm.synced_folder "./www", "/var/www"
end
Synced folders
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VM properties
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Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.synced_folder "./www", "/var/www"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "1024"
vb.cpus = "4"
end
end
VM properties
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Portability
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Who the hell
cares about
an empty
Linux box?
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Provisioning
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•File
•Shell
•Ansible
•Cfengine
•Chef Solo
•Chef Zero
•Chef Client
•Chef Apply
•Docker
•Puppet Apply
•Puppet Agent
•Salt
Provisioning
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•Configuration management
•Simple/lightweight
•Yaml
•Config > code
•Written in Python
•Standalone/agentless
•Pushes commands over SSH
•Lots of modules
•Lots of public “roles”
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Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.synced_folder "./www", "/var/www"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "1024"
vb.cpus = "4"
end
config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
ansible.playbook = "ansible/playbook.yml"
end
end
Ansible provisioning in Vagrant
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-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: all
vars:
docroot: /vagrant/www
servername: mysite.dev
sudo: yes
tasks:
-‐ name: ensure nginx is at the latest version
apt: pkg=nginx state=latest
-‐ name: write the nginx config file
template: src=mysite.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/sites-‐
enabled/mysite.conf
notify:
-‐ restart nginx
-‐ name: ensure nginx is running (and enable it at boot)
service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
-‐ name: restart nginx
service: name=nginx state=restarted
Simple
playbook
example
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-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: all
vars:
docroot: /vagrant/www
servername: mysite.dev
sudo: yes
tasks:
-‐ name: ensure nginx is at the latest version
apt: pkg=nginx state=latest
-‐ name: write the nginx config file
template: src=mysite.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/sites-‐
enabled/mysite.conf
notify:
-‐ restart nginx
-‐ name: ensure nginx is running (and enable it at boot)
service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
-‐ name: restart nginx
service: name=nginx state=restarted
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•First “vagrant up”
•Vagrant provision
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Organizing
playbooks
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-‐group_vars
all.yml
webservers.yml
databases.yml
-‐host_vars
webserver001.yml
webserver002.yml
database001.yml
database002.yml
-‐playbook.yml
-‐common.yml
-‐roles
nginx
mysql
Directory layout
Variables
per group
or for all
groups
Variables
per host
Main
playbook
Included
playbook
Modularized
playbooks
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-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: webservers
pre_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'hello'
roles:
-‐ nginx
tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'still busy'
post_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'goodbye'
-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: databases
pre_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'hello'
roles:
-‐ mysql
tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'still busy'
post_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'goodbye'
-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: all
tasks:
-‐ include: common.yml
-‐ shell: echo 'still busy'
-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: webserver001
tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'very busy'
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Inventory
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Inventory
$ cat .vagrant/provisioners/ansible/
inventory/vagrant_ansible_inventory
# Generated by Vagrant
default ansible_ssh_host=127.0.0.1
ansible_ssh_port=2202
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Create
custom
inventory
files
for other
environments
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Re-use your
Ansible scripts
on
test/staging/
production
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Standalone
Ansible
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Standalone Ansible
$ ansible-‐playbook -‐i inventory-‐staging
playbook.yml
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Multi-machine setup
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Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
config.vm.define "webserver001", primary:true do |ws001|
ws001.vm.hostname = "webserver001"
ws001.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.10"
ws001.vm.synced_folder "./www", "/var/www"
end
config.vm.define "webserver002" do |ws002|
ws002.vm.hostname = "webserver002"
ws002.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.11"
ws002.vm.synced_folder "./www", "/var/www"
end
config.vm.define "database001" do |db001|
db001.vm.hostname = "database001"
db001.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.12"
end
config.vm.define "database002" do |db002|
db002.vm.hostname = "database002"
db002.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.13"
end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "512"
vb.cpus = "2"
end
config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
ansible.playbook = "ansible/playbook.yml"
ansible.groups = {
"webservers" => ["webserver001", "webserver002"],
"databases" => ["database001", "database002"],
"all_groups:children" => ["webservers", "databases"]
}
end
end
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Inventory
$ cat .vagrant/provisioners/ansible/
inventory/vagrant_ansible_inventory
# Generated by Vagrant
database001 ansible_ssh_host=127.0.0.1 ansible_ssh_port=2204
database002 ansible_ssh_host=127.0.0.1 ansible_ssh_port=2205
webserver001 ansible_ssh_host=127.0.0.1 ansible_ssh_port=2202
webserver002 ansible_ssh_host=127.0.0.1 ansible_ssh_port=2203
[webservers]
webserver001
webserver002
[databases]
database001
database002
[all_groups:children]
webservers
databases
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-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: webservers
pre_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'hello'
roles:
-‐ nginx
tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'still busy'
post_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'goodbye'
-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: databases
pre_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'hello'
roles:
-‐ mysql
tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'still busy'
post_tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'goodbye'
-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: all
tasks:
-‐ include: common.yml
-‐ shell: echo 'still busy'
-‐-‐-‐
-‐ hosts: webserver001
tasks:
-‐ shell: echo 'very busy'
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Controlling the machines
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vagrant up
vagrant ssh
vagrant destroy
vagrant up webserver001
vagrant ssh webserver001
vagrant destroy webserver001
vagrant up database001
vagrant ssh database001
vagrant destroy database001
All VM’s
Primary VM
All VM’s
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Vagrant up
#FTW
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