Monetizing Android apps on the Play Store

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Monetizing Android apps on the Play Store Yash Prabhu @yashvprabhu | @dramafever Slides https://goo.gl/1p9k1r Image credit: Stock Android lollipop wallpaper

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Why are we here? Image credit

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7 Things we will learn today

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Security Google Play Developer API Revenue Models Product Types Purchase Workflow In-app Billing v3 API Testing Image credit: Material icons

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Revenue Models One

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Digital & Physical Goods ● Freemium - 30% ○ In-app products ○ Subscription ● Paid ● AdMob ● Android Pay Digital Goods Physical Goods

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Product Types Two

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Non-Consumable ● Can be purchased only once ● Permanent benefit Managed: For One time purchases Consumable ● Can be purchased multiple times ● Temporary benefit Image credit: Material icons

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Subscriptions - For automated, recurring billing ● Weekly, monthly, annual, seasonal ● Free trials - 7 to 30 days ● Manual renewal ● Upgrade/downgrade ● Deferred Billing

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Purchase Workflow Three

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Purchase response Response data GOOGLE PLAY DEVELOPER API YOUR SERVER Purchase request Purchase response GOOGLE PLAY APP ANDROID CLIENT APP Purchase response GOOGLE PLAY SERVER

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In-app Billing v3 API Client side workflow Four

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Image credit

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In-app billing setup 1. Set up Merchant account 2. Integrate in-app billing v3 API 3. Define in-app products 4. Provision premium content 5. Profit!

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Set up Merchant Account 1. Go to https://play.google.com/apps/publish/ 2. Open Financial reports on the side bar 3. Click Setup a Merchant Account now Step 1

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Set up In-app billing v3 ● Go to sdk/extras/google/play_billing ● Copy into your project ○ IInAppBillingService.aidl ○ All Java files in trivialdrivesample/util ● Add billing permission into your manifest 1Step 2

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Copy your license key into IabHelper.java Iab => In-app billing

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Upload alpha apk. Hit Publish!

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Set up a new product on Developer Console 1Step 3

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Your inapp billing app Google Play App isBillingSupported() Supported/Not Supported getPurchases() Bundle(purchase info ....) getSkuDetails() Bundle(response code, sku info) getBuyIntent() Bundle(response code, buy intent) startIntentSenderForResult() Bundle(response code, purchase data, signature)

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Is billing supported? public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { mService = IInAppBillingService.Stub.asInterface(service); int response = mService.isBillingSupported(3, packageName, itemType); if (response == BILLING_RESPONSE_RESULT_OK) { // billing is supported } else { // billing is not supported } }

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Query user’s owned products Bundle ownedItems = mService.getPurchases(3, packageName, itemType, continueToken); itemType => “inapp” || “subs” continueToken => retrieve next set of owned purchases

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Query in-app product details Bundle skuDetails = mService.getSkuDetails(3, packageName, itemType, querySkus); itemType => “inapp” || “subs” querySkus => Bundle of all owned skus

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When user wants to purchase public void launchPurchaseFlow(Activity act, String sku, String itemType, int requestCode, OnIabPurchaseFinishedListener listener, String extraData) { .... Bundle buyIntentBundle = mService.getBuyIntent(3, packageName, sku, itemType, extraData); .... }

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App launches the pending intent PendingIntent pendingIntent = buyIntentBundle.getParcelable(RESPONSE_BUY_INTENT); activity.startIntentSenderForResult( pendingIntent.getIntentSender(), requestCode, new Intent(), flagsMask, flagsValues, extraFlags);

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Get purchase information public boolean handleActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { int responseCode = getResponseCodeFromIntent(data); String purchaseData = data.getStringExtra(RESPONSE_INAPP_PURCHASE_DATA); String dataSignature = data.getStringExtra(RESPONSE_INAPP_SIGNATURE); return true; }

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Google Play App Your inapp billing app getPurchases() Bundle(purchase info ....) consumePurchase() Success/Failure

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Consume a purchase void consume(Purchase itemInfo) throws IabException { String token = itemInfo.getToken(); String sku = itemInfo.getSku(); int response = mService.consumePurchase(3, packageName, token); if (response == BILLING_RESPONSE_RESULT_OK) { // sku consumed successfully } }

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Quick Recap ● isBillingSupported? ● getPurchases() ● getSkuDetails() ● getBuyIntent() ● handleActivityResult() ● if consumable purchase is successful, consume() On startup On purchase After purchase

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Purchase data { "orderId": "1299911111111111.145333335334137..0", "packageName": "com.sample.app", "productId": "test_inapp_upgrade", "purchaseTime": 1384834368656, "purchaseState": 0, "developerPayload": "abcdef", "purchaseToken": "fdgdghdjdp86dg", "autoRenewing":true }

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Signature & Response code Signature: jHCzy6MGITNtOuF0nfYyiEyGw== Response codes 0 - Purchased 1 - Canceled 2 - Refunded

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Testing Client side workflow Five

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Testing ● Add licensed test users to Google Play developer console ● Reserved product ids ● No charges ● ● Regular users who can download your app from the Play Store ● Real product ids ● Actual charges Similar: Publish on Alpha, Beta or Production channels Test Purchases Regular Purchases

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Reserved product IDs ● android.test.purchased ● android.test.canceled ● android.test.refunded ● android.test.item_unavailable

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Testing with reserved product IDs ● Install signed apk on a test device. No emulators! ● Sign into device with your developer account ● Google Play version 2.3.4+ or MyApps app 5.0.12+ ● Android 2.2+ ● Run your app and purchase reserved product ID

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Testing with actual product IDs ● No draft apks: Upload signed apk to alpha/beta channel ● Add a real managed product to Developer Console ● Install signed apk on a test device. No emulators! ● Google Play version 2.3.4+ or MyApps app 5.0.12+ ● Android 2.2+ ● Purchase the real product with a real credit card ● Factory reset device for same product purchase!

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Testing subscriptions before Feb 2015 ● There was no sandbox! ● Create a test $0.99 monthly subscription product ● Purchase product with real credit card ● Refund & cancel order on the Google Wallet console ● Wait till end of subscription period to retest or factory reset device! https://www.emojibase.com/emoji/1f622/cryingface

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Testing subscriptions after Feb 2015 ● Use android.test.purchased reserved product ● Buy the product ● Wait for 1 day to retest subscription Image credit

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Valid subscription product purchase!

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Common errors

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Security Client side workflow Six

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Security ● Obfuscate code using Proguard -keep class com.android.vending.billing.** ● Protect unlocked/premium content ● Protect your Google Play Public Key ● Modify sample application code ● Use developer payload to uniquely identify user ● Signature verification on your client and server

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Decode base64 Public Key & verify signature public static boolean verifyPurchase(String base64PublicKey, String purchaseData, String signature) { boolean verified = false; if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(signature)) { PublicKey key = Security.generatePublicKey(base64PublicKey); verified = Security.verify(key, purchaseData, signature); } return true; }

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Google Play Developer API Server side workflow Seven

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Purchase response Response data GOOGLE PLAY DEVELOPER API YOUR SERVER Purchase request Purchase response GOOGLE PLAY APP ANDROID CLIENT APP Purchase response GOOGLE PLAY SERVER

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Why use Google Play Developer API? ● 200,000 queries per day for free! ● Publishing API ● Subscriptions & In-app purchases API

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Setting up Google Play Developer API 1. Set up an APIs Console Project https://console.developers.google.com/ 2. Create an OAuth 2.0 Client ID 3. Generate a refresh token & access tokens 4. Access the API

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Purchases.products.get request Checks the purchase and consumption status of an inapp item. GET https://www.googleapis.com/androidpublisher/v2/app lications/packageName/purchases/products/productI d/tokens/token

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Purchases.products.get response { "kind": "androidpublisher#productPurchase", "purchaseTimeMillis": long, "purchaseState": integer, "consumptionState": integer, "developerPayload": string }

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Purchases.subscriptions.get request Checks validity & expiration of a user's subscription purchase GET https://www.googleapis.com/androidpublisher/v2/app lications/packageName/purchases/subscriptions/subs criptionId/tokens/token

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Purchases.subscriptions.get response { "kind": "androidpublisher#subscriptionPurchase", "startTimeMillis": long, "expiryTimeMillis": long, "autoRenewing": boolean }

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Google API Client libraries ● Easier to set up authentication and authorization ● Reduces OAuth 2.0 code ● Featured: Java, Python, .NET, PHP, Javascript ● Early-stage: Go, Dart, Ruby, Node-js, Objective-C ● https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/

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References ● Google Play In-app Billing ● Training: Using Google Play to Distribute and Monetize ● Video: In-app Billing Version 3 (Google I/O 2013) ● Using OAuth 2.0 to access Google Play APIs ● Google API client libraries

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Q&A Yash Prabhu @yashvprabhu Slides https://goo.gl/1p9k1r Work at DramaFever http://goo.gl/gWUM5U