Ian Lewis Developer Advocate, Google Cloud Platform Building and Deploying Scalable Microservices With Kubernetes Modern WEb Conference 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 2 Ian Lewis Developer Advocate - Google Cloud Platform Tokyo, Japan +Ian Lewis @IanMLewis 

Agenda ● Monolithic Apps ● Containers & Microservices ● Kubernetes ● Wrap Up 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 4 Current Practice 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 5 Database Batch processing Cache Webservers Webservers Webservers Webservers 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 6 App 

7 Requires large resources per instance Hard to scale properly Hard for teams to have ownership of code Hard to set up SLOs around performance and availability. Monolithic Apps 7 App 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 8 Microservices 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 9 App A App B App C App D 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 10 App B App D App D App D App C App B App B App B App A App A App A App B App C App D 

11 No isolation No namespacing Common libs Highly coupled apps and OS Shared Machines 11 kernel libs app app app app 

12 Some isolation Inefficient Still highly coupled to the guest OS Hard to manage Virtual Machines 12 app libs kernel libs app app kernel app libs libs kernel kernel 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 13 Containers 

For the last 15 years Google has been building the world’s fastest, most powerful infrastructure. 

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Cloud Technology Innovations 2012 2013 MapReduce Spanner/F1 2003 2006 2007 2010 2011 GFS Omega Colossus Cloud Storage Dremel BigQuery Big Table Cloud Datastore Paxos impl. 2004 Cloud Bigtable 

Copyright 2015 Google Inc Google has been running all our services in Containers for over 10 years. We start over 2 billion containers every week. Images by Connie Zhou 

18 Containers 18 libs app kernel libs app libs app libs app 

Fast Simple and Fast compared to VMs. Can be started in just a few milliseconds. Portable Can be run in a many environments. Efficiency Low overhead. Resources use by containers can be limited. Why Containers? 

Container Management Node Node Cluster Node ??? ● How to deploy to multiple nodes? ● How to deal with node failures? ● How to deal with container failures? ● How do you update your applications? ● How can your containers discover and communicate with each other? 

http://research.google.com/pubs/pub43438.html 

Image by Connie Zhou 

job hello_world = { runtime = { cell = 'ic' } // Cell (cluster) to run in binary = '.../hello_world_webserver' // Program to run args = { port = '%port%' } // Command line parameters requirements = { // Resource requirements ram = 100M disk = 100M cpu = 0.1 } replicas = 5 // Number of tasks } 10000 Developer View 

web browsers BorgMaster link shard UI shard BorgMaster link shard UI shard BorgMaster link shard UI shard BorgMaster link shard UI shard Scheduler borgcfg web browsers scheduler Borglet Borglet Borglet Borglet Config file BorgMaster link shard UI shard persistent store (Paxos) Binary Developer View 

Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Image by Connie Zhou Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! Hello world! 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 26 Kubernetes 

Enter Kubernetes Greek for “Helmsman”; also the root of the word “Governor” • Container orchestrator • Runs containers • Supports multiple cloud and bare-metal environments • Inspired and informed by Google’s experiences and internal systems • Open source, written in Go Manage applications, not machines 

CNCF(Cloud Native Computing Foundation) 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 29 Community ● Current stable version: 1.3 ● 860+ contributors ● over 16,000 github stars Project Partners 

Google Cloud Platform UI CLI API users master nodes etcd scheduler controllers master The 10000 Foot View kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet 

Google Cloud Platform The 10000 Foot View etcd scheduler controller-manager apiserver kubelet docker kube-proxy iptables 1. User creates Deployment 2. API server saves info to etcd 3. CM finds Deployment and creates ReplicaSet, which creates Pods (unscheduled) 4. Scheduler schedules pods. 5. Kubelet sees pod scheduled to it and tells docker to run the container. 6. Docker pulls and runs the container. 1 2 6 3 5 4 Docker Hub / GCR 

web browsers BorgMaster link shard UI shard BorgMaster link shard UI shard BorgMaster link shard UI shard BorgMaster link shard UI shard Scheduler borgcfg web browsers scheduler Borglet Borglet Borglet Borg Kubernetes Borglet Config file BorgMaster link shard UI shard persistent store (Paxos) manifest.yaml Master Kubelet etcd Kubelet Kubelet Binary Docker Image Docker Hub/Private Repo Kubelet kubernetes-dashboard 

Google Cloud Platform observe diff act Deployments & ReplicaSets 

Google Cloud Platform Deployments ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 Deployment - name: MyApp kubectl create ... 

Google Cloud Platform Deployments ReplicaSet - replicas: 4 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 Deployment - name: MyApp kubectl create ... 

Google Cloud Platform Deployments ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 Deployment - name: MyApp kubectl create ... 

Google Cloud Platform Deployments ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 Deployment - name: MyApp kubectl create ... 

Google Cloud Platform Rolling Updates ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 Deployment - name: MyApp kubectl apply ... 

Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 Rolling Updates ReplicaSet - replicas: 0 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2 Deployment - name: MyApp 

Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 ReplicaSet - replicas: 1 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2 Rolling Updates Deployment - name: MyApp 

Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSet - replicas: 2 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 ReplicaSet - replicas: 1 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2 Rolling Updates Deployment - name: MyApp 

Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSet - replicas: 2 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 ReplicaSet - replicas: 2 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2 Rolling Updates Deployment - name: MyApp 

Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSet - replicas: 1 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 ReplicaSet - replicas: 2 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2 Rolling Updates Deployment - name: MyApp 

Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSet - replicas: 1 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2 Rolling Updates Deployment - name: MyApp 

Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSet - replicas: 0 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1 ReplicaSet - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2 Rolling Updates Deployment - name: MyApp 

Google confidential │ Do not distribute Services A group of pods that work together • grouped by a selector Defines access policy • “load balanced” or “headless” Gets a stable virtual IP and port • sometimes called the service portal • also a DNS name VIP is managed by kube-proxy • watches all services • updates iptables when backends change Hides complexity - ideal for non-native apps Virtual IP Client 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 47 App B App D App D App D App C App B App B App B App A App A App A App B App C App D 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 48 Demo 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 49 Web guestbook NGWord Redis Guestbook 

Confidential & Proprietary Google Cloud Platform 50 The Right Architecture 

Kubernetes Schedules workloads to resources and helps you manage them. Microservices Build a large complex system as many small simple parts. Containers Easier dependency management & resource isolation. Why Containers? 

$ hello-world Photo by Connie Zhou 

Google Container Engine New service for cluster-based compute ● Provisioned cluster in seconds. Fully configured. ● Fine-grained control over cluster. ● Designed for multi-cloud. Runs Kubernetes. Releases ● Now GA!! ● No additional cost for up to 5 nodes Resources ● Google Container Engine: http://cloud.google.com/container-engine ● Kubernetes: http://kubernetes.io 

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