Slide 1
Slide 1 text
ɹɹ
©︎
hey, Inc
20分でわかる！速習resultBuilder
ヘイ株式会社 テクノロジー部門 モバイルアプリケーション本部
STORES レジ iOSエンジニア
たまねぎ（Takuya Yokoyama）
iOSDC2022
Slide 2
Slide 2 text
ɹ
ɹ
自己紹介
Profile {
Name("ͨ·Ͷ͗")
Twitter("@_chocoyama")
Work {
Company("hey inc")
Product("STORES Regi")
Role("Mobile Engineer")
}
Skill {
SwiftUI()
Flutter()
Compose()
}
}
Slide 3
Slide 3 text
ɹ
ɹ
Slide 4
Slide 4 text
ɹ
ɹ
発表のゴール
●resultBuilderとは何かがわかる
●実装方法や使いどころのイメージが持てる
Slide 5
Slide 5 text
ɹ
ɹ
アジェンダ
●resultBuilderとは
●仕組みと実装方法
●導入事例の紹介
●まとめ
Slide 6
Slide 6 text
ɹ
ɹ
resultBuilderとは
Slide 7
Slide 7 text
ɹ
ɹ
複数要素の組み合わせ作業を、
命令的ではなく、宣言的に行えるようにする機能
Slide 8
Slide 8 text
ɹ
ɹ
→ 冗長な実装をシンプルに
複数要素の組み合わせ作業を、
命令的ではなく、宣言的に行えるようにする機能
Slide 9
Slide 9 text
ɹ
ɹ
resultBuilderとは何か？
● Swift5.4で追加されたAttribute
● 列挙された要素を収集し、結果の値に変換して取得できる
● Swiftで内部DSLを作るための補助機能
● 特定領域で効果を発揮するミニチュア言語を作れる
Slide 10
Slide 10 text
ɹ
ɹ
どこで使われてると思いますか？
（ここから5秒間、心で念じる or コメント or Tweetする時間）
Slide 11
Slide 11 text
ɹ
ɹ
どこで使われている？
●ViewBuilder：SwiftUIのレイアウトを記述する時
●RegexComponentBuilder：正規表現を記述する時（NEW!）
Slide 12
Slide 12 text
ɹ
ɹ
どこで使われている？
let word = OneOrMore(.word)
let emailPattern = Regex {
Capture {
ZeroOrMore {
word
"."
}
word
}
"@"
Capture {
word
OneOrMore {
"."
word
}
}
}
struct AlbumDetail: View {
var album: Album
var body: some View {
List(album.songs) { song in
HStack {
Image(album.cover)
VStack(alignment: .leading) {
Text(song.title)
Text(song.artist.name)
.foregroundStyle(.secondary)
}
}
}
}
}
ViewBuilder RegexComponentBuilder
Slide 13
Slide 13 text
ɹ
ɹ
let word = OneOrMore(.word)
let emailPattern = Regex {
Capture {
ZeroOrMore {
word
"."
}
word
}
"@"
Capture {
word
OneOrMore {
"."
word
}
}
}
struct AlbumDetail: View {
var album: Album
var body: some View {
List(album.songs) { song in
HStack {
Image(album.cover)
VStack(alignment: .leading) {
Text(song.title)
Text(song.artist.name)
.foregroundStyle(.secondary)
}
}
}
}
}
どこで使われている？
ViewBuilder RegexComponentBuilder
Slide 14
Slide 14 text
ɹ
ɹ
let word = OneOrMore(.word)
Slide 15
Slide 15 text
ɹ
ɹ
どのように表現できる？
1.値の列挙にカンマが必要ない
2.if文やfor文などの制御構文も利用可能
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction2() ->
[Int] {
1
2
if true {
3
}
for i in (4...6) {
i
}
}
Slide 16
Slide 16 text
ɹ
ɹ
何ができる？
1.値の列挙にカンマが必要ない
2.if文やfor文などの制御構文も利用可能
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction2() ->
[Int] {
1
2
if true {
3
}
for i in (4...6) {
i
}
}
ಉ݁͡Ռ͕ಘΒΕΔ
= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
func someFunction1() -> [Int] {
var result = [
1,
2
]
if true {
result.append(3)
}
for i in (4...6) {
result.append(i)
}
return result
}
Slide 17
Slide 17 text
ɹ
ɹ
なぜ必要？
struct AlbumDetail: View {
var album: Album
var body: some View {
List(album.songs) { song in
HStack {
Image(album.cover)
VStack(alignment: .leading) {
Text(song.title)
Text(song.artist.name)
.foregroundStyle(.secondary)
}
}
}
}
}
Slide 18
Slide 18 text
ɹ
ɹ
resultBuilderを使わずに同じことを実現する場合
struct AlbumDetail: View {
var album: Album
var body: some View {
List(album.songs) { song in
HStack {
Image(album.cover)
VStack(alignment: .leading) {
Text(song.title)
Text(song.artist.name)
.foregroundStyle(.secondary)
}
}
}
}
}
struct AlbumDetail: View {
var album: Album
var body: some View {
var items: [View] = []
for song in album.songs {
let hStack = HStack(
contents: [
Image(album.cover),
VStack(
alignment: .leading,
contents [
Text(song.title),
Text(song.artist.name)
.foregroundStyle(.secondary)
]
)
]
)
items.append(hStack)
}
return List(contents: items)
}
}
※ ͜ͷίʔυ͋͘·ͰΠϝʔδͰ͢
Slide 19
Slide 19 text
ɹ
ɹ
もしresultBuilderを使わずに同じことを実現すると
● 制御文や変数宣言でコードが肥大化
● 階層構造が複雑で、結果が想像しづらい
● 変更コストが大きい
struct AlbumDetail: View {
var album: Album
var body: some View {
var items: [View] = []
for song in album.songs {
let hStack = HStack(
contents: [
Image(album.cover),
VStack(
alignment: .leading,
contents [
Text(song.title),
Text(song.artist.name)
.foregroundStyle(.secondary)
]
)
]
)
items.append(hStack)
}
return List(contents: items)
}
}
※ ͜ͷίʔυ͋͘·ͰΠϝʔδͰ͢
Slide 20
Slide 20 text
ɹ
ɹ
resultBuilder
何ができる？ シンプルな記述で、複数要素の収集と結果値への変換ができる
どこで使われている？ SwiftUIやRegexなどで用いられている
なぜ必要？ 可読性・保守性の向上が期待できるため
Slide 21
Slide 21 text
ɹ
ɹ
SwiftUI, Regex以外に使い道あるの？
Slide 22
Slide 22 text
ɹ
ɹ
SwiftUI, Regex以外に使い道あるの？
↓
カスタムのresultBuilderの作成で
実装効率を高められるケースがある
Slide 23
Slide 23 text
ɹ
ɹ
例えばこういう時
let mas = NSMutableAttributedString(string: “")
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "Hello world",
attributes: [
.font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 24),
.foregroundColor: UIColor.red
]
))
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "\n"
))
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "with Swift",
attributes: [
.font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 20),
.foregroundColor: UIColor.orange
]
))
Slide 24
Slide 24 text
ɹ
ɹ
• 要素指定と関係ない記述が多い
• 構造がわかりづらい
• 変更による修正量が多い
例えばこういう時
let mas = NSMutableAttributedString(string: “")
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "Hello world",
attributes: [
.font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 24),
.foregroundColor: UIColor.red
]
))
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "\n"
))
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "with Swift",
attributes: [
.font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 20),
.foregroundColor: UIColor.orange
]
))
Slide 25
Slide 25 text
ɹ
ɹ
例えばこういう時
let mas = NSMutableAttributedString(string: “")
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "Hello world",
attributes: [
.font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 24),
.foregroundColor: UIColor.red
]
))
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "\n"
))
mas.append(NSAttributedString(
string: "with Swift",
attributes: [
.font: UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 20),
.foregroundColor: UIColor.orange
]
))
let attributedString = NSAttributedString {
AText("Hello world")
.font(.systemFont(ofSize: 24))
.foregroundColor(.red)
LineBreak()
AText("with Swift")
.font(.systemFont(ofSize: 20))
.foregroundColor(.orange)
}
• 要素指定と関係ない記述が多い
• 構造がわかりづらい
• 変更による修正量が多い
• 要素指定以外の記述が少ない
• 構造がわかりやすい
• 変更による修正量が少ない
// https://github.com/ethanhuang13/NSAttributedStringBuilder
Slide 26
Slide 26 text
ɹ
ɹ
awesome-result-builders
https://github.com/carson-katri/awesome-result-builders
// Data
Data {
[UInt8(0)]
UInt8(1)
Int8(2)
"\u{03}"
Int16(1284)
if dataClause {
CustomData()
}
}
// Parsing
let capture = HTML {
TryCapture("#hello") { (element: HTMLElement?) -> String? in
return element?.textContent
}
Local("#group") {
Capture("h1", transform: \.textContent)
Capture("h2", transform: \.textContent)
}
}
// Networking
Request {
Url("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts")
Method(.post)
Header.ContentType(.json)
Body(Json([
"title": "foo",
"body": "bar",
"usedId": 1
]).stringified)
}
// GraphQL
Operation(.query) {
Add(\.country,
alias: "canada") {
Add(\.name)
Add(\.continent) {
Add(\.name)
}
}.code("CA")
}
Slide 27
Slide 27 text
ɹ
ɹ
仕組みと実装方法
Slide 28
Slide 28 text
ɹ
ɹ
作る
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
2
3
}
someFunction() // [1, 2, 3]
Slide 29
Slide 29 text
ɹ
ɹ
作る
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
2
3
}
someFunction() // [1, 2, 3]
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
Slide 30
Slide 30 text
ɹ
ɹ
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
作る
resultBuilderアノテーションの付与
Slide 31
Slide 31 text
ɹ
ɹ
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
作る
buildBlock関数を定義
Slide 32
Slide 32 text
ɹ
ɹ
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
作る
引数として受け取れる型 & 返却値の型を指定
Slide 33
Slide 33 text
ɹ
ɹ
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
作る
インプット値をアウトプット値に変換
Slide 34
Slide 34 text
ɹ
ɹ
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
2
3
}
someFunction() // [1, 2, 3]
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
使う
作成したクラス名をアノテーションでfunc, var, etcに付与する
Slide 35
Slide 35 text
ɹ
ɹ
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
2
3
}
someFunction() // [1, 2, 3]
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
使う
buildBlockの引数の型に対応した値を列挙
Slide 36
Slide 36 text
ɹ
ɹ
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
2
3
}
someFunction() // [1, 2, 3]
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
使う
指定された返却値の型の値が返される
Slide 37
Slide 37 text
ɹ
ɹ
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
2
3
}
someFunction() // [2, 4, 6]
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components.map { $0 * 2 }
}
}
使う
任意の処理を挟むことができる
Slide 38
Slide 38 text
ɹ
ɹ
最低限必要な実装はこれだけ、ただし…
Slide 39
Slide 39 text
ɹ
ɹ
制御構文への対応
@ArrayBuilder
func function1() -> [Int] {
// Closure containing control flow statement cannot be used with result builder 'ArrayBuilder'
if true {
1
}
}
@ArrayBuilder
func function2() -> [Int] {
// Closure containing control flow statement cannot be used with result builder 'ArrayBuilder'
for i in (2..<10) {
i
}
}
If,forͳͲͷར༻ʹɺରԠ͢ΔbuildXXXؔΛ࣮͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ
Slide 40
Slide 40 text
ɹ
ɹ
buildXXX関数
ؔ ݺͼग़͞ΕΔՕॴ
buildBlock ϒϩοΫ͝ͱ
buildExpression ࣜ͝ͱ
buildOptional elseͷͳ͍ذ
buildEither
elseͷ͋Δذ
switchʹΑΔذ
buildArray ܁Γฦ͠
buildFinalResult ݁Ռͷͷ
buildLimitedAvailability #availableʹΑΔذ
buildPartialResult ϒϩοΫͷߦ͝ͱ
※ ΦʔόʔϩʔυՄೳ
Slide 41
Slide 41 text
ɹ
ɹ
buildBlock
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
2
3
}
Slide 42
Slide 42 text
ɹ
ɹ
buildBlock
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0 = 1
let v1 = 2
let v2 = 3
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1, v2)
}
Slide 43
Slide 43 text
ɹ
ɹ
buildBlock
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0 = 1
let v1 = 2
let v2 = 3
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1, v2)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
}
Slide 44
Slide 44 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
if Bool.random() {
2
3
}
}
Slide 45
Slide 45 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1
if Bool.random() {
2
3
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
Slide 46
Slide 46 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
Slide 47
Slide 47 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
ؔ ݺͼग़͞ΕΔՕॴ
buildOptional elseͷͳ͍ذ
Slide 48
Slide 48 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
Slide 49
Slide 49 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
component ?? []
}
}
Slide 50
Slide 50 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
component ?? []
}
}
Error!
Slide 51
Slide 51 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
component ?? []
}
}
Int [Int]
Slide 52
Slide 52 text
ɹ
ɹ
分岐への対応
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
component ?? []
}
}
ᶃ v0Λ[Int]ʹมͯ͠ܕ͕ἧ͏Α͏ʹ͢Δ
ᶄ buildBlockͰ[Int]ͷՄมҾΛͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
Slide 53
Slide 53 text
ɹ
ɹ
① v0を[Int]に変換して型が揃うようにする
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: Int = 1
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0 = 2
let v1_1 = 3
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
component ?? []
}
}
ᶃ v0Λ[Int]ʹมͯ͠ܕ͕ἧ͏Α͏ʹ͢Δ
Slide 54
Slide 54 text
ɹ
ɹ
① v0を[Int]に変換して型が揃うようにする
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 1)
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 2)
let v1_1: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 3)
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildExpression(_ expression: Int) -> [Int] {
[expression]
}
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
ؔ ݺͼग़͞ΕΔՕॴ
buildExpression ࣜ͝ͱ
ᶃ v0Λ[Int]ʹมͯ͠ܕ͕ἧ͏Α͏ʹ͢Δ
Slide 55
Slide 55 text
ɹ
ɹ
② buildBlockで[Int]の可変長引数を渡せるようにする
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 1)
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 2)
let v1_1: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 3)
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildExpression(_ expression: Int) -> [Int] {
[expression]
}
static func buildBlock(_ components: Int...) -> [Int] {
components
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
ᶄ buildBlockͰ[Int]ͷՄมҾΛͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
Slide 56
Slide 56 text
ɹ
ɹ
② buildBlockで[Int]の可変長引数を渡せるようにする
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 1)
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 2)
let v1_1: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 3)
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildExpression(_ expression: Int) -> [Int] {
[expression]
}
static func buildBlock(_ components: [Int]...) -> [Int] {
components.flatMap { $0 }
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
ᶄ buildBlockͰ[Int]ͷՄมҾΛͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
Slide 57
Slide 57 text
ɹ
ɹ
最終的な実装
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
let v0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 1)
let v1: [Int]
if Bool.random() {
let v1_0: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 2)
let v1_1: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildExpression(expression: 3)
let v1_block: [Int] = ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v1_0, v1_1)
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(v1_block)
} else {
v1 = ArrayBuilder.buildOptional(nil)
}
return ArrayBuilder.buildBlock(v0, v1)
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildExpression(_ expression: Int) -> [Int] {
[expression]
}
static func buildBlock(_ components: [Int]...) -> [Int] {
components.flatMap { $0 }
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
component ?? []
}
}
Slide 58
Slide 58 text
ɹ
ɹ
最終的な実装
@ArrayBuilder
func someFunction() -> [Int] {
1
if Bool.random() {
2
3
}
}
@resultBuilder struct ArrayBuilder {
static func buildExpression(_ expression: Int) -> [Int] {
[expression]
}
static func buildBlock(_ components: [Int]...) -> [Int] {
components.flatMap { $0 }
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [Int]?) -> [Int] {
component ?? []
}
}
Slide 59
Slide 59 text
ɹ
ɹ
その他制御構文への対応
for i in (1...3) {
i
}
var v0: [Int] = []
for i in (1...3) {
// ...
v0.append(i_block)
}
let v0_array = ArrayBuilder.buildArray(v0)
if Bool.random() {
1
} else {
2
}
if Bool.random() {
// ...
v0 = ArrayBuilder.buildEither(first: v1_block)
} else {
// ...
v0 = ArrayBuilder.buildEither(second: v2_block)
}
WWDC2021: Write a DSL in Swift using result builders
Slide 60
Slide 60 text
ɹ
ɹ
導入事例の紹介
Slide 61
Slide 61 text
ɹ
ɹ
STORES レジ
● 2021.06リリースしたiPadアプリ
● 店舗運営を支援するPOSシステムを提供
● フルSwiftUI
SwiftUI+GraphQLͰϓϩμΫτͷܧଓతͳഁյʹཱ͔ͪ͏ʢ iOSDC2021ʣ
Slide 62
Slide 62 text
ɹ
ɹ
レシート印刷
Slide 63
Slide 63 text
ɹ
ɹ
レシート印刷の流れ
ϨΠΞτ༻ಠࣗXML ը૾σʔλ
ϓϦϯλʔૹ৴
ม
Slide 64
Slide 64 text
ɹ
ɹ
ϨΠΞτ༻ಠࣗXML ը૾σʔλ
ϓϦϯλʔૹ৴
ม
独自ルールに基づいたXML文字列の生成
͝ར༻໌ࡉ
ϔομʔϝοηʔδ
ΞΠςϜ໊1
2000ԁ
2000ԁ
※ 社内の別アプリでの仕組みを、STORES レジ用に移植
Slide 65
Slide 65 text
ɹ
ɹ
独自ルールに基づいたXML文字列の生成
͝ར༻໌ࡉ
ϔομʔϝοηʔδ
ΞΠςϜ໊1
2000ԁ
2000ԁ
var xml = ""
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL?.absoluteString {
xml += "”
}
xml += """
͝ར༻໌ࡉ
"""
for item in items {
if item.quantity >= 2 {
let label = "(item.price) x \(item.quantity)"
xml += """
\(item.name)
\(item.totalPrice)
“""
} else {
xml += ""
xml += "\(item.totalPrice)"
xml += ""
}
}
// ~ লུ ~
xml += ""
return xml
Slide 66
Slide 66 text
ɹ
ɹ
XMLベタ書きの問題
1.型安全でなく、想定外の文字があると壊れる
2.冗長な記述が多く、レイアウト構造と非対応で見通しが悪い
3.変更があった場合、改修コストが高い
4.指定可能な値の把握がしづらい
var xml = ""
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL?.absoluteString {
xml += "”
}
xml += """
͝ར༻໌ࡉ
"""
Slide 67
Slide 67 text
ɹ
ɹ
var xml = ""
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL?.absoluteString {
xml += "”
}
xml += """
͝ར༻໌ࡉ
"""
XMLベタ書きの問題
ཁɺݸʑͷXMLཁૉΛऩूͯ͠ɺจࣈྻΛੜ͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩ
→ resultBuilderͰͷཁૉͷऩूʹద͍ͯ͠Δ
Slide 68
Slide 68 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
protocol ReceiptElement {
var body: String { get }
}
各要素を同一視するためのProtocolを定義
Slide 69
Slide 69 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
protocol ReceiptElement {
var body: String { get }
}
struct Text: ReceiptElement {
var body: String {
“some text"
}
}
struct Image: ReceiptElement {
var body: String {
“”
}
}
各要素を同一視するためのProtocolを定義
利用できるXML要素を準拠させる
※ આ໌ͷͨΊ؆ུԽͨ͠ίʔυΛࡌ͍ͤͯ·͢
Slide 70
Slide 70 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
@resultBuilder struct ReceiptBuilder {
static func buildBlock(_ components: ReceiptElement...) -> [ReceiptElement] {
components
}
static func buildBlock(_ components: [ReceiptElement]...) -> [ReceiptElement] {
components.flatMap { $0 }
}
static func buildExpression(_ expression: ReceiptElement) -> [ReceiptElement] {
[expression]
}
static func buildExpression(_ expression: [ReceiptElement]) -> [ReceiptElement] {
expression
}
static func buildEither(first component: [ReceiptElement]) -> [ReceiptElement] {
component
}
static func buildEither(second component: [ReceiptElement]) -> [ReceiptElement] {
component
}
static func buildOptional(_ component: [ReceiptElement]?) -> [ReceiptElement] {
component ?? []
}
static func buildArray(_ components: [[ReceiptElement]]) -> [ReceiptElement] {
components.flatMap { $0 }
}
}
ReceiptElementをresultBuilderで収集
Slide 71
Slide 71 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
struct Receipt {
let buildElements: () -> [ReceiptElement]
init(@ReceiptBuilder buildElements: @escaping () -> [ReceiptElement]) {
self.buildElements = buildElements
}
var xml: String {
let elements = buildElements()
return Tag(.receipt).build(VStack(elements).body)
}
func image(width: CGFloat) async throws -> UIImage {
let builder = ReceiptImageBuilder(width: width)
return try await builder.build(xml: xml)
}
}
Slide 72
Slide 72 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
struct Receipt {
let buildElements: () -> [ReceiptElement]
init(@ReceiptBuilder buildElements: @escaping () -> [ReceiptElement]) {
self.buildElements = buildElements
}
var xml: String {
let elements = buildElements()
return Tag(.receipt).build(VStack(elements).body)
}
func image(width: CGFloat) async throws -> UIImage {
let builder = ReceiptImageBuilder(width: width)
return try await builder.build(xml: xml)
}
}
①
1.resultBuilderをイニシャライザで受け取る
Slide 73
Slide 73 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
struct Receipt {
let buildElements: () -> [ReceiptElement]
init(@ReceiptBuilder buildElements: @escaping () -> [ReceiptElement]) {
self.buildElements = buildElements
}
var xml: String {
let elements = buildElements()
return Tag(.receipt).build(VStack(elements).body)
}
func image(width: CGFloat) async throws -> UIImage {
let builder = ReceiptImageBuilder(width: width)
return try await builder.build(xml: xml)
}
}
①
②
1.resultBuilderをイニシャライザで受け取る
2.受け取ったresultBuilderでReceiptElementの配列を収集
Slide 74
Slide 74 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
struct Receipt {
let buildElements: () -> [ReceiptElement]
init(@ReceiptBuilder buildElements: @escaping () -> [ReceiptElement]) {
self.buildElements = buildElements
}
var xml: String {
let elements = buildElements()
return Tag(.receipt).build(VStack(elements).body)
}
func image(width: CGFloat) async throws -> UIImage {
let builder = ReceiptImageBuilder(width: width)
return try await builder.build(xml: xml)
}
}
①
②
③
1.resultBuilderをイニシャライザで受け取る
2.受け取ったresultBuilderでReceiptElementの配列を収集
3.収集した要素をXML文字列に変換
Slide 75
Slide 75 text
ɹ
ɹ
実装の概要
1.resultBuilderをイニシャライザで受け取る
2.受け取ったresultBuilderでReceiptElementの配列を収集
3.収集した要素をXML文字列に変換
4.XML文字列を画像に変換
struct Receipt {
let buildElements: () -> [ReceiptElement]
init(@ReceiptBuilder buildElements: @escaping () -> [ReceiptElement]) {
self.buildElements = buildElements
}
var xml: String {
let elements = buildElements()
return Tag(.receipt).build(VStack(elements).body)
}
func image(width: CGFloat) async throws -> UIImage {
let builder = ReceiptImageBuilder(width: width)
return try await builder.build(xml: xml)
}
}
①
②
③
④
Slide 76
Slide 76 text
ɹ
ɹ
Before: XMLベタ書き
var xml = ""
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL?.absoluteString {
xml += "”
}
xml += """
͝ར༻໌ࡉ
"""
for item in items {
if item.quantity >= 2 {
let label = "(item.price) x \(item.quantity)"
xml += """
\(item.name)
\(item.totalPrice)
“""
} else {
xml += ""
xml += "\(item.totalPrice)"
xml += ""
}
}
// ~ লུ ~
xml += ""
return xml
Slide 77
Slide 77 text
ɹ
ɹ
Before: XMLベタ書き
Receipt {
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL {
Image(src: src)
.maxHeight(96)
}
Title(“͝ར༻໌ࡉ")
Divider()
VStack(spacing: 2) {
for item in items {
if item.quantity >= 2 {
Text(item.name)
.truncated()
LabelText(label: "\(item.price) x \(item.quantity)",
content: item.totalPrice)
} else {
LabelText(label: item.name,
content: item.totalPrice)
.truncated()
}
}
}
}
Slide 78
Slide 78 text
ɹ
ɹ
Before: XMLベタ書き
let receiptImage = try await Receipt {
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL {
Image(src: src)
.maxHeight(96)
}
Title(“͝ར༻໌ࡉ")
Divider()
VStack(spacing: 2) {
for item in items {
if item.quantity >= 2 {
Text(item.name)
.truncated()
LabelText(label: "\(item.price) x \(item.quantity)",
content: item.totalPrice)
} else {
LabelText(label: item.name,
content: item.totalPrice)
.truncated()
}
}
}
}.image(width: 240)
Slide 79
Slide 79 text
ɹ
ɹ
let receiptImage = try await Receipt {
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL {
Image(src: src)
.maxHeight(96)
}
Title(“͝ར༻໌ࡉ")
Divider()
VStack(spacing: 2) {
for item in items {
if item.quantity >= 2 {
Text(item.name)
.truncated()
LabelText(label: "\(item.price) x \(item.quantity)",
content: item.totalPrice)
} else {
LabelText(label: item.name,
content: item.totalPrice)
.truncated()
}
}
}
}.image(width: 240)
var xml = ""
if let src = receiptSetting.logoImageURL?.absoluteString {
xml += "”
}
xml += """
͝ར༻໌ࡉ
"""
for item in items {
if item.quantity >= 2 {
let label = "(item.price) x \(item.quantity)"
xml += """
\(item.name)
\(item.totalPrice)
“""
} else {
xml += ""
xml += "\(item.totalPrice)"
xml += ""
}
}
// ~ লུ ~
xml += ""
return xml
After: resultBuilder利用
Slide 80
Slide 80 text
ɹ
ɹ
resultBuilderの活用による効果
1. 型安全でなく、想定外の文字があると壊れる
2. シンプルな表現で、レイアウト構造と対応して見通しが良い
3. 変更する際に、コンパイラの助けを借りられる
4. 指定可能な値をコード補完で把握できる
XMLベタ書き resultBuilderを活用
苦しい実装 楽しい実装
Slide 81
Slide 81 text
ɹ
ɹ
まとめ
Slide 82
Slide 82 text
ɹ
ɹ
● ボイラープレートを削減し、冗長なコードを圧倒的にシンプル化できる
● コードの見通しが良くなり、結果が予想しやすくなる
● 宣言的な記述が主になるため、変更が容易になる
resultBuilderの利点
Slide 83
Slide 83 text
ɹ
ɹ
● DSLは利用者に学習を求めることになる
● 無闇な導入は過度な抽象化をもたらし、逆にコストが高くなる恐れもある
● 機能の利用自体が目的とならないよう、使い所の見極めは必要
注意点
Slide 84
Slide 84 text
ɹ
ɹ
● 特定の結果を生成するために、複数要素を組み合わせる場合
● ユースケースに応じて、様々な組み合わせが生まれる場合
● 要素の追加や削除などが行われやすい場合
resultBuilderの効果的な使い所
Slide 85
Slide 85 text
ɹ
ɹ
ありがとうございました！
࠾༻ͬͯΔΑʂ