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Jonas Bonér @jboner Towards Stateful Serverless

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“We predict that Serverless Computing will grow to dominate the future of Cloud Computing.” - Berkeley CS Department Cloud computing simplified: a Berkeley view on serverless computing

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FaaS FaaS = Function-as-a-Service

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Is visionary FaaS FaaS = Function-as-a-Service

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Is visionary Paved the way FaaS FaaS = Function-as-a-Service

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Is visionary Paved the way Just the first step FaaS FaaS = Function-as-a-Service

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Serverless ≠Faas

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good use-cases For FaaS?

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good use-cases For FaaS? Use-cases where throughput is key rather than low latency and requests can be completed in a short time window

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good use-cases For FaaS? 1. Embarrassingly parallel processing tasks—invoked on demand & intermittently, examples include: image processing, object recognition, log analysis 2. Low traffic applications—enterprise IT services, and spiky workloads 3. Stateless web applications—serving static content form S3 (or similar) 4. Orchestration functions—integration/coordination of calls to third-party services 5. Composing chains of functions—stateless workflow management, connected via data dependencies 6. Job scheduling—CRON jobs, triggers, etc. Use-cases where throughput is key rather than low latency and requests can be completed in a short time window

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FAAS: Hard to build General-Purpose Applications

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1. Functions are stateless, ephemeral, short-lived: expensive to lose computational context & rehydrate 2. Durable state is always “somewhere else” 3. No co-location of state and processing 4. No direct addressability—all communication over external storage 5. Limited options for managing & coordinating distributed state 6. Limited options for modelling data consistency guarantees FAAS: Hard to build General-Purpose Applications

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No content

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State

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We Need Serverless Support For...

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We Need Serverless Support For...

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• Managing in-memory durable session state across individual requests E.g. User Sessions, Shopping Carts, Caching We Need Serverless Support For...

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• Managing in-memory durable session state across individual requests E.g. User Sessions, Shopping Carts, Caching • Low-latency serving of dynamic in-memory models E.g. Serving of Machine Learning Models We Need Serverless Support For...

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• Managing in-memory durable session state across individual requests E.g. User Sessions, Shopping Carts, Caching • Low-latency serving of dynamic in-memory models E.g. Serving of Machine Learning Models • Real-time stream processing E.g. Recommendation, Anomaly Detection, Prediction Serving We Need Serverless Support For...

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• Managing in-memory durable session state across individual requests E.g. User Sessions, Shopping Carts, Caching • Low-latency serving of dynamic in-memory models E.g. Serving of Machine Learning Models • Real-time stream processing E.g. Recommendation, Anomaly Detection, Prediction Serving • Distributed resilient transactional workflows E.g. Saga Pattern, Workflow Orchestration, Rollback/Compensating Actions We Need Serverless Support For...

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• Managing in-memory durable session state across individual requests E.g. User Sessions, Shopping Carts, Caching • Low-latency serving of dynamic in-memory models E.g. Serving of Machine Learning Models • Real-time stream processing E.g. Recommendation, Anomaly Detection, Prediction Serving • Distributed resilient transactional workflows E.g. Saga Pattern, Workflow Orchestration, Rollback/Compensating Actions • Shared collaborative workspaces E.g. Collaborative Document Editing, Blackboards, Chat Rooms We Need Serverless Support For...

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• Managing in-memory durable session state across individual requests E.g. User Sessions, Shopping Carts, Caching • Low-latency serving of dynamic in-memory models E.g. Serving of Machine Learning Models • Real-time stream processing E.g. Recommendation, Anomaly Detection, Prediction Serving • Distributed resilient transactional workflows E.g. Saga Pattern, Workflow Orchestration, Rollback/Compensating Actions • Shared collaborative workspaces E.g. Collaborative Document Editing, Blackboards, Chat Rooms • Leader election, counting, voting …and other distributed systems patterns/protocols for coordination We Need Serverless Support For...

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Technical Requirements

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1. Stateful long-lived addressable virtual components Actors Technical Requirements

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1. Stateful long-lived addressable virtual components Actors 2. Options for distributed coordination and communication patterns Pub-Sub, Point-To-Point, Broadcast—CRDTs, Sagas, etc. Technical Requirements

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1. Stateful long-lived addressable virtual components Actors 2. Options for distributed coordination and communication patterns Pub-Sub, Point-To-Point, Broadcast—CRDTs, Sagas, etc. 3. Options for managing distributed state reliably at scale Ranging from strong to eventual consistency (durable/ephemeral) Technical Requirements

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1. Stateful long-lived addressable virtual components Actors 2. Options for distributed coordination and communication patterns Pub-Sub, Point-To-Point, Broadcast—CRDTs, Sagas, etc. 3. Options for managing distributed state reliably at scale Ranging from strong to eventual consistency (durable/ephemeral) 4. Intelligent adaptive placement of stateful functions Physical co-location of state and processing, sharding, and sticky routing Technical Requirements

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1. Stateful long-lived addressable virtual components Actors 2. Options for distributed coordination and communication patterns Pub-Sub, Point-To-Point, Broadcast—CRDTs, Sagas, etc. 3. Options for managing distributed state reliably at scale Ranging from strong to eventual consistency (durable/ephemeral) 4. Intelligent adaptive placement of stateful functions Physical co-location of state and processing, sharding, and sticky routing 5. Predictable performance, latency, and throughput In startup time, communication/coordination, and storage of data Technical Requirements

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1. Stateful long-lived addressable virtual components Actors 2. Options for distributed coordination and communication patterns Pub-Sub, Point-To-Point, Broadcast—CRDTs, Sagas, etc. 3. Options for managing distributed state reliably at scale Ranging from strong to eventual consistency (durable/ephemeral) 4. Intelligent adaptive placement of stateful functions Physical co-location of state and processing, sharding, and sticky routing 5. Predictable performance, latency, and throughput In startup time, communication/coordination, and storage of data 6. Ways of managing end-to-end guarantees and correctness Technical Requirements

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User Function Deployment FaaS Is Great At Abstracting Over Communication

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Message In User Function Deployment FaaS Is Great At Abstracting Over Communication

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Message In User Function Deployment Message Out FaaS Is Great At Abstracting Over Communication

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Message In User Function Deployment Message Out FaaS With CRUD

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Message In User Function Deployment Database Message Out FaaS With CRUD

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Message In User Function Deployment Database Message Out Not Serverless Leaky Abstraction

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The Problem

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The Function is a Black BoX The Problem

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The Problem

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Unconstrained database access Makes it hard to Automate operations The Problem

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“Freedom is not so much the absence of restrictions as finding the right ones, the liberating restrictions.” - Timothy keller

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User Function Deployment FaaS Abstracting Over Communication

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Message In User Function Deployment FaaS Abstracting Over Communication

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Message In User Function Deployment Message Out FaaS Abstracting Over Communication

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Message In User Function Deployment Message Out Stateful Serverless Abstracting Over State

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Message In User Function Deployment Message Out Stateful Serverless Abstracting Over State State In

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Message In User Function Deployment Message Out Stateful Serverless Abstracting Over State State In State Out

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Enter

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Overview: 1. Open Source (Apache 2.0) project What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Overview: 1. Open Source (Apache 2.0) project 2. Makes Stateful Serverless applications easy What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Overview: 1. Open Source (Apache 2.0) project 2. Makes Stateful Serverless applications easy 3. Reference implementation for a standard (protocol and spec) What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Overview: 1. Open Source (Apache 2.0) project 2. Makes Stateful Serverless applications easy 3. Reference implementation for a standard (protocol and spec) 4. Let’s you focus on business logic, data model, and workflow What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io Don’t worry about: 1. Managing: Complexities of Distributed and Concurrent systems

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io Don’t worry about: 1. Managing: Complexities of Distributed and Concurrent systems 2. Managing: Distributed State—Consistency, Replication, Persistence

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io Don’t worry about: 1. Managing: Complexities of Distributed and Concurrent systems 2. Managing: Distributed State—Consistency, Replication, Persistence 3. Managing: Databases, Service Meshes, and other infrastructure

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io Don’t worry about: 1. Managing: Complexities of Distributed and Concurrent systems 2. Managing: Distributed State—Consistency, Replication, Persistence 3. Managing: Databases, Service Meshes, and other infrastructure 4. Managing: Message Routing, Scalability, Fail-over & Recovery

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io Don’t worry about: 1. Managing: Complexities of Distributed and Concurrent systems 2. Managing: Distributed State—Consistency, Replication, Persistence 3. Managing: Databases, Service Meshes, and other infrastructure 4. Managing: Message Routing, Scalability, Fail-over & Recovery 5. Running & Operating your application

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What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Technical Highlights: 1. Polyglot: Client libs in JavaScript, Java, Go—with upcoming support for Python, .NET, Rust, Swift, Scala What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Technical Highlights: 1. Polyglot: Client libs in JavaScript, Java, Go—with upcoming support for Python, .NET, Rust, Swift, Scala 2. PolyState: Powerful state models—Event Sourcing, CRDTs, Key Value What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Technical Highlights: 1. Polyglot: Client libs in JavaScript, Java, Go—with upcoming support for Python, .NET, Rust, Swift, Scala 2. PolyState: Powerful state models—Event Sourcing, CRDTs, Key Value 3. PolyDB: Supporting SQL, NoSQL, NewSQL and in-memory replication What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Technical Highlights: 1. Polyglot: Client libs in JavaScript, Java, Go—with upcoming support for Python, .NET, Rust, Swift, Scala 2. PolyState: Powerful state models—Event Sourcing, CRDTs, Key Value 3. PolyDB: Supporting SQL, NoSQL, NewSQL and in-memory replication 4. Leveraging Akka, gRPC, Knative, GraalVM, running on Kubernetes What Is CloudState? https://cloudstate.io

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Cloudstate Architecture

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Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Cloudstate Architecture

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Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Cloudstate Architecture User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…)

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Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Cloudstate Proxy (Akka Sidecar) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Cloudstate Architecture User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…)

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Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Cloudstate Proxy (Akka Sidecar) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Cloudstate Architecture User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…)

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Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Cloudstate Proxy (Akka Sidecar) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Cloudstate Architecture User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) gRPC

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Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Kubernetes Pod Cloudstate Proxy (Akka Sidecar) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Cloudstate Architecture User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Datastore (Cassandra, Postgres, Spanner,…) gRPC

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…)

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar HTTP

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar HTTP

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster gRPC Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar HTTP

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster gRPC Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar HTTP Gossip, State replication, Routing Gossip, State replication, Routing

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Datastore (Cassandra, Postgres, Spanner,…) gRPC Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar HTTP Gossip, State replication, Routing Gossip, State replication, Routing

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Datastore (Cassandra, Postgres, Spanner,…) gRPC Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar gRPC Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar HTTP gRPC Gossip, State replication, Routing Gossip, State replication, Routing

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Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Datastore (Cassandra, Postgres, Spanner,…) gRPC Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar gRPC Kubernetes Pod User Function (JavaScript, Go, Java,…) Akka Sidecar gRPC HTTP gRPC Events Gossip, State replication, Routing Gossip, State replication, Routing

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CloudState helps you with (when being a managed service)

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• Pay-as-you-go: • On-demand Instance Creation, Passivation, and Failover • Autoscaling—up and down CloudState helps you with (when being a managed service)

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• Pay-as-you-go: • On-demand Instance Creation, Passivation, and Failover • Autoscaling—up and down • ZeroOps: • Automation of Message Routing and Delivery • Automation of State Management • Service of Record—In-Memory Cluster Sharding, Co-location of Data & Processing • Coordination State—Replication, Consistency • Automation of Deployment, Provisioning, Upgrades CloudState helps you with (when being a managed service)

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Akka Cluster state management

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing https://akka.io

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) (Key, State) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing (Key, State) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing •Backed by Event Log (Key, State) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Event Log Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing •Backed by Event Log (Key, State) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Event Log Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing •Backed by Event Log •Automatic Failover, Rehydration, and Rebalancing (Key, State) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Event Log Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing •Backed by Event Log •Automatic Failover, Rehydration, and Rebalancing https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Event Log Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing •Backed by Event Log •Automatic Failover, Rehydration, and Rebalancing https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Event Log Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing •Backed by Event Log •Automatic Failover, Rehydration, and Rebalancing (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Event Log Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •Actor-based Distributed Runtime •Decentralized Masterless P2P •Epidemic Gossiping, Self-healing •State Sharding & Routing on Entity Key •Forwarding of Requests (if needed) •Co-Location of State & Processing •Backed by Event Log •Automatic Failover, Rehydration, and Rebalancing (Key, State) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •In-memory Replication of State •Gossiping State Changes •Using CRDTs •State Merged on Local Node •Highly Available (N Replicas) •Very Scalable https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •In-memory Replication of State •Gossiping State Changes •Using CRDTs •State Merged on Local Node •Highly Available (N Replicas) •Very Scalable (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •In-memory Replication of State •Gossiping State Changes •Using CRDTs •State Merged on Local Node •Highly Available (N Replicas) •Very Scalable (Key, State) (Key, State) (Key, State) https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function (Key, State) (Key, State)

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Akka Cluster state management Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Cluster Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar Akka Sidecar •In-memory Replication of State •Gossiping State Changes •Using CRDTs •State Merged on Local Node •Highly Available (N Replicas) •Very Scalable https://akka.io User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function User Function

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Cloudstate Uses Better Models For Distributed State

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battle-tested, Yet Constrained, models like: Cloudstate Uses Better Models For Distributed State

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battle-tested, Yet Constrained, models like: Cloudstate Uses Better Models For Distributed State Event Sourcing

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battle-tested, Yet Constrained, models like: Cloudstate Uses Better Models For Distributed State Event Sourcing CRDTs

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battle-tested, Yet Constrained, models like: Cloudstate Uses Better Models For Distributed State Event Sourcing CRDTs Key Value

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Event Sourced Entities Happy Path

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Event Sourced Entities Happy Path

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Command Event Sourced Entities Happy Path

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Command Event Sourced Entities Happy Path

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Command Event Sourced Entities Happy Path Command

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Command Event Log Event Event Sourced Entities Happy Path Command

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Command Event Event Log Event Event Sourced Entities Happy Path Command

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Command Event Event Log Event Event Sourced Entities Happy Path Command Memory Image

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Event Sourced Entities Happy Path

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SAD Path, RECOVER FROM FAILURE Event Sourced Entities

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Event Log SAD Path, RECOVER FROM FAILURE Event Sourced Entities

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Event Log REPLAY EventS SAD Path, RECOVER FROM FAILURE Event Sourced Entities

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Event Log REPLAY EventS SAD Path, RECOVER FROM FAILURE Command Event Sourced Entities

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Benefits of Event Sourcing

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Benefits of Event Sourcing ✴ One single Source of Truth with All history

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Benefits of Event Sourcing ✴ One single Source of Truth with All history ✴ Allows for Memory Image (Durable In-Memory State)

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Benefits of Event Sourcing ✴ One single Source of Truth with All history ✴ Allows for Memory Image (Durable In-Memory State) ✴ Avoids the Object-relational mismatch

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Benefits of Event Sourcing ✴ One single Source of Truth with All history ✴ Allows for Memory Image (Durable In-Memory State) ✴ Avoids the Object-relational mismatch ✴ Allows others to Subscribe to state changes

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Benefits of Event Sourcing ✴ One single Source of Truth with All history ✴ Allows for Memory Image (Durable In-Memory State) ✴ Avoids the Object-relational mismatch ✴ Allows others to Subscribe to state changes ✴ Has good Mechanical sympathy (Single Writer Principle)

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Deployment Serverless Event Sourcing

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User Function/entity Deployment Serverless Event Sourcing

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User Function/entity Deployment Event Log In Serverless Event Sourcing

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Command In User Function/entity Deployment Event Log In Serverless Event Sourcing

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Command In User Function/entity Deployment Reply Out Event Log In Serverless Event Sourcing

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Command In User Function/entity Deployment Reply Out Event Log In Events OUt Serverless Event Sourcing

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Command In User Function/entity Deployment Reply Out Event Log In Events OUt Serverless Event Sourcing

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Convergent & Commutative Replicated Data Types - Shapiro et. al. 2011 Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types

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CRDT Convergent & Commutative Replicated Data Types - Shapiro et. al. 2011 Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types

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CRDT Strong Eventual Consistency Replicated & Decentralized Highly Available & Very Scalable Data Types Contain Resolution Logic Always Converge Correctly Convergent & Commutative Replicated Data Types - Shapiro et. al. 2011 Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types

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Data types Counters Registers Sets Maps Graphs (that all compose) CRDT Strong Eventual Consistency Replicated & Decentralized Highly Available & Very Scalable Data Types Contain Resolution Logic Always Converge Correctly Convergent & Commutative Replicated Data Types - Shapiro et. al. 2011 Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types

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CRDTs are…

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CRDTs are… Associative Batch-insensitive (grouping doesn't matter) a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c

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CRDTs are… Associative Batch-insensitive (grouping doesn't matter) a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c Commutative Order-insensitive (order doesn't matter) a+b=b+a

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CRDTs are… Associative Batch-insensitive (grouping doesn't matter) a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c Commutative Order-insensitive (order doesn't matter) a+b=b+a Idempotent Retransmission-insensitive (duplication does not matter) a+a=a

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Deployment Serverless CRDTs

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User Function/entity Deployment Serverless CRDTs

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User Function/entity Deployment States/Deltas IN Serverless CRDTs

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Message In User Function/entity Deployment States/Deltas IN Serverless CRDTs

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Message In User Function/entity Deployment Message Out States/Deltas IN Serverless CRDTs

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Message In User Function/entity Deployment Message Out States/Deltas IN States/deltas OUT Serverless CRDTs

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Message In User Function/entity Deployment Message Out States/Deltas IN States/deltas OUT Serverless CRDTs

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Deployment Serverless CRUD Using KeyValue

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User Function/entity Deployment Serverless CRUD Using KeyValue

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User Function/entity Deployment Snapshot In (By Entity KEy) Serverless CRUD Using KeyValue

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Message In User Function/entity Deployment Snapshot In (By Entity KEy) Serverless CRUD Using KeyValue

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Message In User Function/entity Deployment Message Out Snapshot In (By Entity KEy) Serverless CRUD Using KeyValue

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Message In User Function/entity Deployment Message Out Snapshot In (By Entity KEy) Snapshot out (By Entity Key) Serverless CRUD Using KeyValue

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Example CRDT Entity Presence function in a chat app github.com/cloudstateio/samples-java-chat

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Protobuf Descriptor defining service API and messages

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syntax = "proto3"; import "cloudstate/entity_key.proto"; package cloudstate.samples.presence; option java_package = "io.cloudstate.samples.presence"; option java_outer_classname = "PresenceProtos"; Protobuf Descriptor defining service API and messages

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syntax = "proto3"; import "cloudstate/entity_key.proto"; package cloudstate.samples.presence; option java_package = "io.cloudstate.samples.presence"; option java_outer_classname = "PresenceProtos"; "// Messages message User { "// Entity key is the unique entity/function identifier string name = 1 [(.cloudstate.entity_key) = true]; } message OnlineStatus { bool online = 1; } message Empty { } Protobuf Descriptor defining service API and messages

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syntax = "proto3"; import "cloudstate/entity_key.proto"; package cloudstate.samples.presence; option java_package = "io.cloudstate.samples.presence"; option java_outer_classname = "PresenceProtos"; "// Messages message User { "// Entity key is the unique entity/function identifier string name = 1 [(.cloudstate.entity_key) = true]; } message OnlineStatus { bool online = 1; } message Empty { } "// Service API service Presence { "// Connect the given user rpc Connect(User) returns (stream Empty); "// Monitor the online status of the given user rpc Monitor(User) returns (stream OnlineStatus); } Protobuf Descriptor defining service API and messages

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CRDT Entity for online presence

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@CrdtEntity public class PresenceEntity { private final Vote vote; "// Vote CRDT for this user. It’s auto replicated "// and keeps track how each node has voted private final String username; "// Entity Key (for sharding and routing) public PresenceEntity( Optional vote, CrdtCreationContext ctx, @EntityId String username) { … } } CRDT Entity for online presence

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@CrdtEntity public class PresenceEntity { private final Vote vote; "// Vote CRDT for this user. It’s auto replicated "// and keeps track how each node has voted private final String username; "// Entity Key (for sharding and routing) public PresenceEntity( Optional vote, CrdtCreationContext ctx, @EntityId String username) { … } } public static void main(String""... args) { new CloudState() .registerCrdtEntity(…) .start(); } CRDT Entity for online presence

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@CrdtEntity public class PresenceEntity { private final Vote vote; "// Vote CRDT for this user. It’s auto replicated "// and keeps track how each node has voted private final String username; "// Entity Key (for sharding and routing) public PresenceEntity( Optional vote, CrdtCreationContext ctx, @EntityId String username) { … } } "// Here we implement the Protobuf Service API, our business logic @CommandHandler public void connect(StreamedCommandContext ctx) { vote.vote(true); "// Set the user to online ctx.onCancel(cancelled "-> { "// Register cancel callback for user disconnect vote.vote(false); }); … } public static void main(String""... args) { new CloudState() .registerCrdtEntity(…) .start(); } CRDT Entity for online presence

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@CrdtEntity public class PresenceEntity { private final Vote vote; "// Vote CRDT for this user. It’s auto replicated "// and keeps track how each node has voted private final String username; "// Entity Key (for sharding and routing) public PresenceEntity( Optional vote, CrdtCreationContext ctx, @EntityId String username) { … } } "// Here we implement the Protobuf Service API, our business logic @CommandHandler public void connect(StreamedCommandContext ctx) { vote.vote(true); "// Set the user to online ctx.onCancel(cancelled "-> { "// Register cancel callback for user disconnect vote.vote(false); }); … } public static void main(String""... args) { new CloudState() .registerCrdtEntity(…) .start(); } CRDT Entity for online presence @CommandHandler public OnlineStatus monitor(StreamedCommandContext ctx) { ctx.onChange(change "-> { "// Subscribe to Vote CRDT changes … }); … }

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Run in Kubernetes This step is not needed when user Cloudstate as a Service (as intended)

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# Install Cloudstate kubectl create namespace cloudstate Run in Kubernetes This step is not needed when user Cloudstate as a Service (as intended)

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# Install Cloudstate kubectl create namespace cloudstate kubectl apply -n cloudstate -f https:"//github.com/ cloudstateio/cloudstate/releases/download/v0.4/ cloudstate-0.4.yaml Run in Kubernetes This step is not needed when user Cloudstate as a Service (as intended)

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# Install Cloudstate kubectl create namespace cloudstate kubectl apply -n cloudstate -f https:"//github.com/ cloudstateio/cloudstate/releases/download/v0.4/ cloudstate-0.4.yaml Run in Kubernetes # Install our Presence app and Gateway kubectl apply -f https:"//raw.githubusercontent.com/ cloudstateio/samples-java-chat/master/deploy/ presence.yaml This step is not needed when user Cloudstate as a Service (as intended)

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# Install Cloudstate kubectl create namespace cloudstate kubectl apply -n cloudstate -f https:"//github.com/ cloudstateio/cloudstate/releases/download/v0.4/ cloudstate-0.4.yaml Run in Kubernetes # Install our Presence app and Gateway kubectl apply -f https:"//raw.githubusercontent.com/ cloudstateio/samples-java-chat/master/deploy/ presence.yaml kubectl apply -f https:"//raw.githubusercontent.com/ cloudstateio/samples-java-chat/master/deploy/ gateway.yaml This step is not needed when user Cloudstate as a Service (as intended)

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# Install Cloudstate kubectl create namespace cloudstate kubectl apply -n cloudstate -f https:"//github.com/ cloudstateio/cloudstate/releases/download/v0.4/ cloudstate-0.4.yaml Run in Kubernetes # Install our Presence app and Gateway kubectl apply -f https:"//raw.githubusercontent.com/ cloudstateio/samples-java-chat/master/deploy/ presence.yaml kubectl apply -f https:"//raw.githubusercontent.com/ cloudstateio/samples-java-chat/master/deploy/ gateway.yaml # Scale up the app to 3 nodes kubectl scale deploy/presence-deployment "--replicas 3 This step is not needed when user Cloudstate as a Service (as intended)

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