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Digitale Ökosysteme, Datenökosysteme, Plattformen im Gesundheitssystem — Dr. Matthias Naab

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Technology changes Media & Data with Digital Products Technology changes Markets & Industries with Digital Processes Technology changes Economy & Society with Digital Business Models Digitization Digital Transformation Digitalization Digital Disruption

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New and innovative Services & Products Data-Driven Business Models Cross-Domain Business Models Digital Business Processes Offshore- Development & Operation Business Process Reengineering Radical Innovation Incremental Innovation Efficiency Optimization & Cost Reduction New Value Creation Digitization | Digitalization | Digital Transformation Digital Ecosystems

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© Fraunhofer IESE 8

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© Fraunhofer IESE 9

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© Fraunhofer IESE 10 Digital Ecosystems ◼ Socio-technical system (organizations, people, digital systems, relationships) ◼ Independent participants ◼ Collaborating to generate mutual benefit ◼ Collaboration based on ecosystem service, offered by ecosystem initiator, provided through digital platform Participants

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© Fraunhofer IESE 11 Ecosystem Service ◼ Collaboration based on ecosystem service ◼ Generates core benefit of the ecosystem ◼ Provided by ecosystem initiator ◼ Provided purely digitally Ecosystem Service

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Airbnb Lodging offers brokering of private accommodations provided by private hosts for travelers

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Ebay Marketplace offers brokering of any kind of goods provided by sellers for buyers

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AVIATAR offers brokering of maintenance data provided by aircraft component manufactures for airlines

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Caruso Dataplace offers brokering of vehicle telematics data provided by OEMs for automotive aftermarket service providers

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© Fraunhofer IESE 16 offers brokering of provided by for Digital Ecosystem Service Description Template

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© Fraunhofer IESE 17 Digital Platform ◼ Core technical aspect in digital ecosystem ◼ Realize ecosystem service and manifest ecosystem rules ◼ Partners directly use the digital platform ◼ Additional supporting features (e.g. payment, trusteeship, security, management of legal relationships, standardization, rating, …) Digital Platform

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© Fraunhofer IESE 19 Different Constellations of Ecosystem Partners Types All partners of same type e.g. Tinder, WhatsApp (Rare constellation) Provider / consumer e.g. AirBnB, Uber (Most frequent constellation) More partner types e.g. Foodora, Schüttflix (Rather rare constellation)

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© Fraunhofer IESE 20 Digital Ecosystem with more than 1 Ecosystem Service ◼ Typically start with one ecosystem service ◼ Optional: Add services with tight (business) connection later ◼ Without connection: separate digital ecosystems ◼ With only technical connection: separate digital ecosystems Digital Platform

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© Fraunhofer IESE 21 Digital Ecosystem Multiple Ecosystem Services

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© Fraunhofer IESE 22 Domain Ecosystem ◼ Established business ecosystem in a business domain ◼ Existing players and relationships

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© Fraunhofer IESE 23 Domain Ecosystem ◼ Digital ecosystems emerge and address needs ◼ Competing digital ecosystems possible ◼ Various digital ecosystems possible

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Industrie 4.0 Smart Farming Smart Energy Smart Mobility Smart Health Smart Rural Areas Smart Teams Smart X

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© Fraunhofer IESE 27 Mobility Internet Giants OEMs Suppliers (1st Tier ) Material & Tool Suppliers User Mobility Workshops Roadside Assistance Diagnostics Parts Trade Ambulance Dealership Gas Stations Leasing Insurance

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Cross-Domain and Overlapping Digital Ecosystems Car Manufacturers (> 102) Insurance Comp. Car Rental Comp. Smartphone and App Users (> 108) Drivers (> 105) Passengers (> 107) Bus Companies (> 103) Passengers (> 105)

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Passengers (> 105) Cross-Domain and Overlapping Digital Ecosystems Car Manufacturers (> 102) Drivers (> 105) Bus Companies (> 103) Insurance Comp. Car Rental Comp. Smartphone and App Users (> 108) Passengers (> 107) MOBILITY Domain Ecosystem INSURANCE Domain Ecosystem

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Passengers (> 105) Cross-Domain and Overlapping Digital Ecosystems Car Manufacturers (> 102) Drivers (> 105) Bus Companies (> 103) Insurance Comp. Car Rental Comp. Smartphone and App Users (> 108) Passengers (> 107) APP Domain Ecosystem

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Neue geschäftliche Möglichkeiten und Dienste Zugang zu einer großen Anzahl anderer Ökosystem- Teilnehmer Einfachheit durch Harmoni- sierung und sehr gute User Experience Offenheit für viele Teilnehmer und einfacher Einstieg Riesiger Gestaltungs- spielraum Möglichkeit zu disruptiver Neupositio- nierung Großes Wachstums- potential und hohe Skalierbarkeit Netzwerk- effekte und Partizipation an Geschäften im Digitalen Ökosystem Investitions- fähigkeit in Ausbau, Attraktivität und User Experience Chancen durch Digitale Ökosysteme

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Das mit dem Digitalen Ökosystem kann ja nicht so schwer sein … Wir haben schon mal die Plattform gebaut … Wir nennen unser Zeug einfach “Ökosystem” Es ist unser Ökosystem … es muss also vor allem uns nützen Das ist genau das, was unser CDO macht Niemand anderes kann solch ein Ökosystem etablieren, wir haben die Expertise Auch kleine Innovationen führen uns in die Zukunft Wir kümmern uns nur um uns selbst Das Geschäfts- modell definieren wir später … Die Partner haben doch gar keine andere Wahl Das Ökosystem muss nach 18 Monaten einen ROI liefern Wir heuern einfach Berater an, die machen das schon

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… leider liegt es außerhalb unserer Komfortzone Big Picture Ende-zu-Ende Langfristiges Denken Geduld Daten- getriebene Geschäfts- modelle Werte- netzwerke Ausgeglichene Interessen Fehlende Gesamt- kontrolle Organisa- tationen übergreifend Diversität Unsicherheit Keine vorgegebenen Wege und Methoden

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Business Technology Legal CORE Vision Strategy Engineering Usage Operation Governance ORGANIZATION Partner Scouting Casting & Matching Pairing & Engagement Technical Scouting Collaboration Evaluation PARTNERS Establishment Exploitation Nurturing COMMUNITY Observation Exploration Analysis Intervention COMPETITORS OTHER KNOWN PLAYERS Platform Economy Fraunhofer Digital Ecosystems Reference Model Google Apple Facebook Amazon Microsoft Samsung

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TANGIBLE ECOSYSTEM DESIGN SERVICE BLUEPRINT SERVICE MAP MOTIVATION MATRIX

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https://youtu.be/Bc3FJeFMLAs

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Ecosystem Evolution Time Time Network Effects More Services More Benefits More Asset Types Business Volume Volume by Asset Consumers #Asset Consumers Volume by Asset Providers #Asset Providers Platform Status

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From the Outside, it seems to be just a Website or an App … Time Business Volume ~17.000 ~5.300 ~18 M ~22.000 ~75 M ~7.000 ~167 M ~12.700 ~50 M ~15.000 ~570 M #Employees #Consumers Successful ecosystems have been growing over 5 .. 20 years No quick ROI Patience over years Investment into fast growth

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https://www.iese.fraunhofer.de/blog/whitepaper-digitale-oekosysteme/

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© Fraunhofer IESE 46 Caruso Dataplace www.caruso-dataplace.de Branche Mobilität/ÖPNV Asset-Kategorie Datenvermittlung Asset-Provider Unbekannt Anzahl Consumer Unbekannt Anzahl Nutzungen Unbekannt Reichweite Unbekannt Initiierung Durch Verbund aus Unternehmen Hauptsitz des Brokers in DE Mannheim Gründungsjahr 2017 Anzahl Mitarbeitende des Brokers Unbekannt Einnahmen des Brokers Vermittlungsgebühr + fester Betrag Umsatz des Brokers unbekannt Gewinn des Brokers unbekannt Zahlen & Fakten

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Plattformen

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© Matti Blume | CC BY-SA 4.0 | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Diess%2C_ID_lineup%2C_GIMS_2018%2C_Le_Grand-Saconnex_%281X7A9912%29.jpg

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https://www.netzoekonom.de/plattform-oekonomie/

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Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform “Use the platform to build and run software on top” “Use the platform to consume its service and participate in the ecosystem” Windows AWS PaaS, Azure PaaS Salesforce PaaS AirBnB, Ebay Uber Wikipedia AdSense Waze Facebook, WhatsApp Open Source ERP Systems AWS IaaS, Azure IaaS Intel x64 Java, .NET, Cloud Foundry YouTube Examples

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Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform “Use the platform to build and run software on top” “Use the platform to consume its service and participate in the ecosystem” Wikipedia AdSense Waze Facebook, WhatsApp AWS IaaS, Azure IaaS Intel x64 YouTube Examples Software Ecosystem Platform Eclipse, Firefox, iOS, Android Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Windows AWS PaaS, Azure PaaS Salesforce PaaS Open Source ERP Systems Java, .NET, Cloud Foundry Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform AirBnB, Ebay Uber

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Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform “Use the platform to build and run software on top” “Use the platform to consume its service and participate in the ecosystem” Wikipedia AdSense Waze Facebook, WhatsApp AWS IaaS, Azure IaaS Intel x64 YouTube Examples Software Ecosystem Platform Eclipse, Firefox, iOS, Android Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Windows AWS PaaS, Azure PaaS Salesforce PaaS Open Source ERP Systems Java, .NET, Cloud Foundry Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform AirBnB, Ebay Uber Application (potentially provided as SaaS) Application (potentially provided as SaaS) Word Slack Technology Platform

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“SaaS Software Platform” Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Salesforce Slack Examples

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“SaaS Software Platform” Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Cloud Platform Salesforce Slack AWS Azure GCP Examples

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“SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Cloud Platform Apple Platform Examples Salesforce Slack AWS Azure GCP

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“SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Domain Platform Cloud Platform Apple Platform Philips HealthSuite Examples Salesforce Slack AWS Azure GCP

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“SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Domain Platform Data Platform Cloud Platform Apple Platform Philips HealthSuite Cloudera Examples Salesforce Slack AWS Azure GCP

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“SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Domain Platform Data Platform IoT Platform Cloud Platform Apple Platform Philips HealthSuite Cloudera Siemens Mindsphere Examples Salesforce Slack AWS Azure GCP

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“SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Domain Platform Data Platform IoT Platform Cloud Platform “Alliance Platform” Salesforce Slack Metaverse Platform Apple Platform Philips HealthSuite Cloudera Siemens Mindsphere Decentraland Examples Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform Windows AWS PaaS, Azure PaaS Salesforce PaaS AirBnB, Ebay Uber Wikipedia AdSense Waze Facebook, WhatsApp Open Source ERP Systems AWS IaaS, Azure IaaS Intel x64 Java, .NET, Cloud Foundry YouTube Plattform Industrie 4.0 Plattf. Lernende Systeme AWS Azure GCP

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“SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Domain Platform Data Platform IoT Platform Cloud Platform “Alliance Platform” Salesforce Slack Metaverse Platform Apple Platform Philips HealthSuite Cloudera Siemens Mindsphere Decentraland Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform Windows AWS PaaS, Azure PaaS Salesforce PaaS AirBnB, Ebay Uber Wikipedia AdSense Waze Facebook, WhatsApp Open Source ERP Systems AWS IaaS, Azure IaaS Intel x64 Java, .NET, Cloud Foundry YouTube Plattform Industrie 4.0 Plattf. Lernende Systeme AWS Azure GCP Technology Platforms Digital Ecosystem Platforms “Just Borrowed the Name” Platforms “SaaS Software Platforms” “Blend of … Platforms”

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Datenökosysteme

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© Fraunhofer IESE 71 Relevance of Data and AI in Digital Ecosystems Digital Platform Many ecosystem participants → large data sets Data as „assets“ in digital ecosystems Data as foundation for new business models Data as foundation for improvement of services Large data sets → good foundation of usage of AI

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© Fraunhofer IESE 72 Data Ecosystems – The ASSET is DATA DATA PROVIDER DATA CONSUMER DATA BROKERING DATA BROKERING

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© Fraunhofer IESE 74 Types of Data – Data can be Classified According to Many Dimensions ◼ Sensitivity of Data ◼ Data related to persons ◼ Data sensitive for an organization ◼ Data open to public ◼ … ◼ Content types of data ◼ Images, Video, Audio ◼ Free text ◼ Structured data ◼ … ◼ Degree of processing ◼ Raw Data ◼ Aggregated data ◼ Analyzed data ◼ Data incorporated in ML models ◼ … ◼ Data collection ◼ Data collected via sensors observing machines ◼ Data collected via sensors observing people ◼ Data collected from analyzing data in IT systems ◼ … ◼ Frequency of change of data ◼ Data created once, never updated ◼ Data created once, rare updates ◼ Data frequently updated ◼ … ◼ Data usage ◼ Master data ◼ Transactional data ◼ Configuration data ◼ … ◼ …

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© Fraunhofer IESE 75 Data – Collection to Usage Data Collection Data … Data Usage Data … … ◼ Data Modeling ◼ Data Collection ◼ Data Transformation ◼ Data Aggregation ◼ Data Analysis ◼ Data Visualization ◼ Data Storage ◼ Data Transportation ◼ Data Cleaning / Preparation ◼ Data Harmonization ◼ Data Learning ◼ Data Management ◼ …

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© Fraunhofer IESE 76 Perspective and Scope of Data: 1 Organization Many business processes Many applications Many data bases Data silos (Partial) interoperability? (Partial) integration?

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© Fraunhofer IESE 77 Extended Perspective: Organizations using SaaS of other Company Business processes partially externally defined Software externally hosted Data externally stored Data externally analyzed Provide SaaS

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© Fraunhofer IESE 78 Extended Perspective: Company-Crossing Business Processes Business Processes across company boundaries Exchange of data according to defined data formats, interfaces, software applications Cooperation & Data Exchange

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© Fraunhofer IESE 79 Extended Perspective: Data-Driven Business Models Services based on data of a single customer (e.g. analysis of financial situation, offered as SaaS) Services based on data of many customers (e.g. analysis of music suggestions across many users in spotify) Services based on external or public data (e.g. analysis of weather conditions for driving safety) Services based on „selling“ or „brokering“ of data (e.g. data market places) … Data-Driven Services and Business Models

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© Fraunhofer IESE 80 Data Ecosystems – The ASSET is DATA DATA PROVIDER DATA CONSUMER DATA BROKERING DATA BROKERING

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© Fraunhofer IESE 81 Boundaries and Roles in Digital Ecosystems Participants, Asset Providers Participants, Asset Consumers Partners Partners Digital Platform Digital Ecosystem Service Ecosystem Initiator Service Provider Platform Operator

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C A R U S O - D A T A P L A C E . C O M 82 #carusodataplace CARUSO B2B DATAPLACE PROVIDING IN-VEHICLE DATA FOR MOBILITY SERVICES CARUSO DATA PROVIDERS DATA CONSUMERS END USERS Collect Standardize Distribute New services New customers Efficient processes Different providers Different data formats Different quality / price Added Value for B2X Use Cases

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DATA ECOSYSTEM IN MOBILITY / AUTOMOTIVE OEM INSURANCE B2C Car Driver

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© Fraunhofer IESE 84 Data Catalogs and Data Harmonization ◼ Huge effort to harmonize data ◼ Requests for data (number of data items, frequency of delivery) can be extreme ◼ Demand for data is strongly expressed ◼ Nevertheless, often no clear usage scenarios for the data

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© Fraunhofer IESE 86 Datensouveränität – Betrifft mich das überhaupt?

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© Fraunhofer IESE 87 Data Sovereignty ◼ Data sovereignty goes beyond personal data protection (GDPR) ◼ Applies also to data not related to persons ◼ Highly demanded or often “assured”, but rarely defined ◼ Definition ◼ „Data sovereignty means the greatest possible control, influence and insight into the use of data by the data provider. The data provider should be entitled and empowered to exercise informational self-determination and receive transparency about data usage.” Transparency Self- Determination Data Sovereignty

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© Fraunhofer IESE 90 Digitale Plattform Digitales Ökosystem Support Service Betreiber Plattform Betreiber Cybersecurity in Digitalen Ökosystemen: Eine sichere Digitale Plattform ist bei weitem nicht genug! Asset Konsument Asset Anbieter Digitale Plattform Ökosystem Service Support Service Daten Viele und vielfältige Daten Exponiertes Gesamtsystem mit vielen Angriffspunkten Interessantes Angriffsziel Security der Digitalen Plattform + Security in allen IT-Systemen und Organisationen des Digitalen Ökosystems Ganzheitliche Lösungen bei mangelnder Gesamtkontrolle

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© Fraunhofer IESE 92 Datentreuhänder ◼ Datentreuhänder vermittelt in Konstellationen zwischen Datenanbietern und Datenkonsumenten ◼ Fehlendes direktes Vertrauen → zusätzliche Instanz schafft Vertrauen ◼ Zentraler Hub ◼ Datentreuhänder können Datenökosysteme aufbauen ◼ Unterschiedlichste Ausprägungen und Aufgaben denkbar ◼ Sicherer, nachweisbarer Datenaustausch ◼ Bündelung und / oder Aggregation von Daten ◼ Eventuell auch Anonymisierung / Pseudonymisierung von Daten ◼ Genauer Auftrag des Treuhänders (Bezahlung, Anonymisierung, Auslieferung, …) ◼ Verwaltung der Daten vs. Weiterleitung der Daten ◼ Keine klar akzeptierten Definition; noch in der Findungsphase; individuelle Modelle möglich

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Plattformen im Gesundheitswesen

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© Fraunhofer IESE 94 Players in the Medical / Healthcare Domain Ecosystem Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals

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© Fraunhofer IESE 95 Related Studies ◼ Term „Platform“ used in many different ways ◼ Often, its not about digital ecosystems but SaaS solutions or health- specific PaaS solutions

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© Fraunhofer IESE 96 Plattformen ganz unterschiedlicher Art → oft überhaupt nicht direkt vergleichbar © Roland Berger: The rise of healthcare platforms “SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Domain Platform Data Platform IoT Platform Cloud Platform “Alliance Platform” Salesforce Slack Metaverse Platform Apple Platform Philips HealthSuite Cloudera Siemens Mindsphere Decentraland Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform Windows AWS PaaS, Azure PaaS Salesforce PaaS AirBnB, Ebay Uber Wikipedia AdSense Waze Facebook, WhatsApp Open Source ERP Systems AWS IaaS, Azure IaaS Intel x64 Java, .NET, Cloud Foundry YouTube Plattform Industrie 4.0 Plattf. Lernende Systeme AWS Azure GCP Technology Platforms Digital Ecosystem Platforms “Just Borrowed the Name” Platforms “SaaS Software Platforms” “Blend of … Platforms”

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“SaaS Software Platform” Vendor Platform Technology Platform Digital (Ecosystem) Platform Application / Business Logic Technology / Infrastructure Hardware Software Operated by Developer or Customer Externally Operated / as-a-Service Hardware Platform IaaS Platform Operating System Platform Runtime Environment Platform Runtime Environment Platform with Business Logic PaaS Platform PaaS Platform with Business Logic Marketplace Platform On-Demand Service Platform Communication / Interaction Platform Data Harvesting Platform Content Crowdsourcing Platform Content Distribution Platform Platform Economy Platform ~ Innovation Platform ~ Transaction Platform Domain Platform Cloud Platform Examples

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© Fraunhofer IESE 98 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals Apps unterschiedlichster Art werden genutzt, um einen Nutzen zu bekommen

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© Fraunhofer IESE 99 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals Apps können B2B oder B2C sein

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© Fraunhofer IESE 100 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals Daten werden genutzt, um Nutzen für Unternehmen und Personen zu erzielen (Vergleiche, Vorschläge, Reflektion, Motivation, Diagnose, …)

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© Fraunhofer IESE 101 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals Daten entstehen in zahlreichen verschiedenen IT-Systemen und Organisationen → Daten sind nicht harmonisiert, nicht verfügbar, nicht zugreifbar, in verteilter Verantwortung

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© Fraunhofer IESE 102 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals Ökosystem-Initiatoren erkennen die Fragmentierung und arbeiten dagegen an → Rollen von Datenprovidern und Datenconsumern werden eingenommen Harmonisierung Einfacher Zugang Compliance Skalierung Große Abdeckung

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© Fraunhofer IESE 103 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals Interoperabilität und Standards reichen nicht! Systeme müssen geöffnet werden! Integration muss gewollt und gemacht werden!

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© Fraunhofer IESE 104 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals 2 Arten von Daten-Brokering • Statische Daten (z.B. Forschungsdaten) • Dynamische Daten (z.B. aktuelle Herzfrequenz) → Unterschiedliche Anforderungen ans Brokering

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© Fraunhofer IESE 105 Zusammenspiel und Beziehungen Internet Giants People Patients Health Insurance Personal Device Manufacturers Pharmacy Material / Drug Provides Doctors Rescue Service Medical Device Manufacturers Medical Software & Platform Providers Therapy Personal Health Trainers Hospitals Neue Rollen werden eingenommen Neue Geschäftsmodelle entstehen Ende-zu-Ende Prozesse ändern sich Neue Nutzen für Teilnehmer entstehen Motivation zur Teilnahme muss hoch sein Zahlreiche Digitale Ökosysteme möglich Datenplattformen zur Verteilung von Daten (B2B) Endnutzer-Apps mit Nutzen aus Daten (B2C)

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© Fraunhofer IESE 107 Where is Our Place in Ecosystems? ?

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Digitale Ökosysteme, Datenökosysteme, Plattformen im Gesundheitssystem — Dr. Matthias Naab

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Digitale Ökosysteme: Welche Herausforderungen stellt der Aufbau und wie gelingt er? https://www.informatik-aktuell.de/management-und-recht/digitalisierung/digitale-oekosysteme-welche-herausforderungen-stellt-der-aufbau-und-wie-gelingt-er.html Digitale Ökosysteme und Plattformökonomie: Was ist das und was sind die Chancen? https://www.informatik-aktuell.de/management-und-recht/digitalisierung/digitale-oekosysteme-und-plattformoekonomie.htm Dr. Marcus Trapp Dr. Matthias Naab Dr. Dominik Rost Claudia Nass Matthias Koch Bernd Rauch

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https://youtu.be/gVdtVa8Tp1Y

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https://youtu.be/Bc3FJeFMLAs