Day1-1230-New opportunities for understanding the ancient coastline

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New opportunities for understanding the ancient coastline Georgia Marina Andreou Postdoctoral Research Associate Classical Archaeology Department of Classics Cornell University gma58@cornell.edu https://cornell.academia.edu/Georgia MarinaAndreou andreougm

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The coastline as a historically dynamic environment Aerial view of the port of Kobe (wikipedia.org)

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The coastline as a historically dynamic environment Aerial view of the ancient harbour of Amathus, Cyprus (Honor Frost Foundation)

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Coastal Erosion is affecting the Mediterranean, the Black, the Red and the North sea, Atlantic Europe, the Caribbean, the Persian Gulf, the Pacific, and North America. Examples of dramatic coastal erosion from the UK (BBC news)

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Top Left: Late Bronze Age chamber tomb (c. 1300 BCE) Top Right: Late Bronze Age domestic installation (c. 1300-1200 BCE) Bottom: Wall with stratified Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age pottery (c. 1300-750 BCE)

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“The erosion of human history” (Erlandson 2008) Top Left: The wreck of the 1907 Sheraton steam trawler, at Hunstanton, Norfolk Credit: CITiZAN Bottom Left: Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Right: Castle Sinclair Girnigoe, Caithness, Scotland

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Mediterranean Sea • Defined by its coastline • Long history of maritime interaction • Case studies for connectivity and trade KEY IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN HISTORY

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Top Left: Human occupation on the coast (Croatia) Top Right: Map produced by the EUROSION project Bottom Right: Coastal industrial centre (Cyprus)

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Explore Beaches, University of California, Santa Barbara: explorebeaches.msi.ucsb.edu

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Solway, SCHARP Project: scharp.co.uk Scotland’s Coastal Heritage at Risk Project

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Andreou and Sewell 2015 Andreou et al. 2016 Andreou et al. 2017

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The Cyprus Ancient Shoreline Project G.M. Andreou & D.A. Sewell

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Geographical data kindly provided and used with the permission of the Department of Lands and Surveys, Republic of Cyprus

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Photographs kindly provided and used with the permission of the Department of Lands and Surveys, Republic of Cyprus 2008 1993 1963

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Diachronic coastline analysis using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)

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3D Models produced on Agisoft PhotoScan

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How can we record rapidly exposed and disappearing archaeological features in a sustainable manner? Tochni Lakkia – Late Bronze Age site – South Central Cyprus

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Problems • Limited Financial Resources • Limited Human Resources • Fast and dramatic change of the coastline WHERE DO WE BEGIN?

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Crowd - 10 Men - They go fishing regularly using boat - 3 of them know how to use computer - 2 of them have been online - None of them is familiar with online maps and mapping - 5 of them own GPS which was set up for them - All of them mentioned that they know of coastal and underwater archaeological sites - All of them mention that they have seen anchors - 9 of them are familiar with local legends regarding maritime activities

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THLR DUV FS FS ANKR POT

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Crowdsourced Geographic Data Open Street Map Code Description Why? ANKR Anchor Indication of past human activity or nearby site THLR Muddy water, poor visibility Indication of erosion POT Ceramic vessel Indication of past human activity or nearby site CV Vegetation on the coastal scarp Indication of low erosion HS Hearsay Indication of past human activity FS Good fishing spot Indication of underwater vegetation, low perturbation Name code (e.g. TL) Name of known terrestrial or underwater archaeological site Indication of past human activity