Wicked Fast Websites: WordCamp RI 2016

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How to build WordPress sites   that load in under 1 second WICKED FAST WEBSITES $ @ChrisFerdinandi ! GoMakeThings.com

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(even on cheap, shared hosting)

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MILLIONS of dollars in lost revenue slow websites cost businesses

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20% decrease in search traffic from just a 500ms delay Source: www.slideshare.net/stubbornella/designing-fast-websites-presentation

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1% loss in sales from just a 100ms delay Source: www.slideshare.net/stubbornella/designing-fast-websites-presentation

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$254M in lost sales in a single quarter Source: Q3 2015 Sales Numbers

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£8M increase in customer spend from   a 300ms reduction in latency Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ai-6qwT6ES8

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80% increase in traffic after   reducing load time by 80% Source: http://digiday.com/publishers/gq-com-cut-page-load-time-80-percent/

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15.4% increase in downloads after reducing page load time by 2.2 seconds Source: https://blog.mozilla.org/metrics/2010/04/05/firefox-page-load-speed-%E2%80%93-part-ii/

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BIGGER websites are getting

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BIGGER websites are getting

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600kb average webpage size in 2010 Source: www.webperformancetoday.com/2013/06/05/web-page-growth-2010-2013/

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1.2mb average webpage size in 2013 Source: www.webperformancetoday.com/2013/06/05/web-page-growth-2010-2013/

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2.2mb average webpage size in 2016 Source: http://httparchive.org/interesting.php

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2x every three years

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Source: www.lukew.com

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MOBILE IS THE WEB

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31% AMERICANS WHO HAVE PRIMARILY ACCESSED THE WEB via a mobile device in 2012 Source: blogs.hbr.org/cs/2013/05/the_rise_of_the_mobile-only_us.html

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Bandwidth is not evenly distributed

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MILLIONS of people around the world slow websites are unusable for

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40% of visitors will leave your site if it takes more than 3 seconds to load Source: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/loading-time/

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53% of mobile visitors will leave your site if it takes more than 3 seconds to load Source: https://www.doubleclickbygoogle.com/articles/mobile-speed-matters/

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74% of visitors will leave your site if it takes more than 5 seconds to load Source: http://bradfrost.com/blog/post/performance-as-design/

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THE PERFECT STORM Bigger sites Weaker devices Higher expectations

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What can you do about it?

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What can you do about it? (Little changes can make a big difference.)

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1 Measuring Web Performance

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1 Measuring Web Performance 2 Annoying Browser Quirks

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1 Measuring Web Performance 2 Annoying Browser Quirks 3 Reducing Page Weight

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1 Measuring Web Performance 2 Annoying Browser Quirks 3 Reducing Page Weight 4 Server Optimizations

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1 Measuring Web Performance 2 Annoying Browser Quirks 3 Reducing Page Weight 4 Server Optimizations 5 Q&A

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SLIDES & DOWNLOADS https://gomakethings.com/talks

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Who am I and   why should you care? 0

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$ @ChrisFerdinandi

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! Go Make Things GoMakeThings.com

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https://gomakethings.com/wicked-fast-websites

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Measuring Web Performance 1

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HOW FAST IS FAST ENOUGH?

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1 second Source: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/response-times-3-important-limits/

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Total load time and page weight aren’t the right metrics

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How do you measure performance?

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TIME TO FIRST BYTE  How quickly your server is sending data back to the browser

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START RENDER  How quickly the browser begins displaying content to your visitor

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Perceived performance matters more than actual performance

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http://www.webpagetest.org

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TARGET PERFORMANCE  Time to First Byte  100ms - 300ms Start Render Cable: 1,000ms 3g: 3,000ms EDGE: 5,000ms

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Annoying Browser Quirks 2

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FAST 300kb SLOW 100kb 100kb 100kb

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DNS LOOKUPS HTTP HEADERS REDIRECTS 404s Lots of places for things to go wrong

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Browsers only download 2 files at a time

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This is fixed in HTTP2 (but browser and host support isn’t large enough yet) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ0C4zN5uOQ

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COMBINE FILES Concatenation

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svg.js canvas.js

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svg.js canvas.js detects.js

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dropdowns.js fluidvids.js modals.js svg.js canvas.js detects.js

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dropdowns.js fluidvids.js modals.js svg.js canvas.js detects.js main.js

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Browsers download all files regardless of screen size

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.base-styles { … } @media (min-width: 20em) { … } @media (min-width: 40em) { … } @media (min-width: 60em) { … }

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Don’t use @import.

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TOOLS & TECHNIQUES GUIs  CodeKit Prepos Command Line Gulp Grunt Plugins MinQueue Manually

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https://wordpress.org/plugins/minqueue/

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https://wordpress.org/plugins/minqueue/

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https://wordpress.org/plugins/minqueue/

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JS BLOCKS RENDERING

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Browsers only download 2 files at a time (except JavaScript files, which block all other downloads)

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FILE LOCATION MATTERS Detects in the header Everything else in the footer

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SPECIFY A LOCATION

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// Load theme scripts function load_theme_scripts() { // Feature detects wp_enqueue_script( 'theme-detects', get_template_directory_uri() . '/dist/js/detects.js', null, null, false ); // Main scripts wp_enqueue_script( 'theme-scripts', get_template_directory_uri() . '/dist/js/main.js', null, null, true ); } add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', 'load_theme_scripts');

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in_footer false = header true = footer

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https://github.com/cferdinandi/gmt-scripts-to-footer

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Tapping is really slow.

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“Mobile browsers will wait approximately 300ms from the time that you tap the button to fire the click event. The reason for this is that the browser is waiting to see if you are actually performing a double tap.” –Google

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This is why web apps feel so much slower than native apps

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SET A VIEWPORT WIDTH

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/** * Remove the tap delay in webkit and IE */ a, button, input, select, textarea, label, summary { touch-action: manipulation; }

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Reducing Page Weight 3

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These add a lot of weight

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REMOVE WHITESPACE Minification

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75% reduction in file weight

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It’s completely unreadable

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main.css main.js

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main.css main.min.css main.js main.min.js

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main.css main.min.css main.js main.min.js

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main.css main.min.css main.js main.min.js

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// Load theme files function load_theme_files() { // Feature detects wp_enqueue_script( 'theme-detects', get_template_directory_uri() . '/dist/js/detects.js', null, null, false ); // Main scripts wp_enqueue_script( 'theme-scripts', get_template_directory_uri() . '/dist/js/main.js', null, null, true ); } add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', 'load_theme_files');

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// Load theme files function load_theme_files() { // Feature detects wp_enqueue_script( 'theme-detects', get_template_directory_uri() . ‘/dist/js/detects.min.js', null, null, false ); // Main scripts wp_enqueue_script( 'theme-scripts', get_template_directory_uri() . ‘/dist/js/main.min.js', null, null, true ); } add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', 'load_theme_files');

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TOOLS & TECHNIQUES GUIs  CodeKit Prepos Google Pagespeed Insights Command Line Gulp Grunt Plugins MinQueue

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https://wordpress.org/plugins/minqueue/

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https://github.com/cferdinandi/gmt-html-minify/

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63.5% of an average webpage’s weight is images Source: http://httparchive.org/interesting.php#bytesperpage

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CONFLICTING INTERESTS

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High-Density Display CONFLICTING INTERESTS

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High-Density Display Low-Bandwidth Computing CONFLICTING INTERESTS

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How do you balance these competing interests?

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PICK THE RIGHT FORMAT

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PNGs Logos Clean, simple images JPGs Photos Noisy images

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TEST & MEASURE

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SMUSH YOUR IMAGES

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SMUSHING Removing all of the metadata associated with an image.

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TOOLS & TECHNIQUES ImageOptim b64.io

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DIFFERENT JPG FORMATS Baseline Progressive

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DIFFERENT JPG FORMATS Baseline Progressive

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Progressive JPGs feel faster (even if they take the same time to load)

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Perceived performance matters more than actual performance

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BROWSER FOREGROUND BACKGROUND Chrome Firefox IE 8 IE 9 Safari Opera BROWSER “SUPPORT” Source: http://calendar.perfplanet.com/2012/progressive-jpegs-a-new-best-practice/

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TOOLS & TECHNIQUES ImageOptim b64.io

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COMPRESS YOUR JPGs

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Uncompressed  2.7mb Compressed 766kb

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71.6% smaller than the original

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70 High-quality JPG compression

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70 High-quality JPG compression 90 WordPress default

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90 WordPress default 70 High-quality JPG compression 82 WordPress 4.5

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https://github.com/cferdinandi/gmt-image-compress-and-sharpen

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Server Optimizations 4

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This is a slow process

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You can tell WordPress to compile static HTML files ahead of time

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USE A CACHING PLUGIN

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OFTEN RECOMMENDED W3 Total Cache WP Super Cache

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OFTEN RECOMMENDED W3 Total Cache WP Super Cache They’re a bit complicated to setup

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https://cometcache.com/

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The only option you need to conﬁgure https://cometcache.com/

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Putting It All Together 5

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Annoying Browser Quirks • Combine files (concatenation) • Load JS in the footer • Remove whitespace (minification) • Remove the tap delay Reduce Page Weight • Pick the right image format • Smush and compress images Server Optimizations • Use a caching plugin DO ALL THE THINGS

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http://webpagetest.org

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TARGET PERFORMANCE  Time to First Byte  100ms - 300ms Start Render Cable: 1,000ms 3g: 3,000ms EDGE: 5,000ms