Kotlin: Write Once, Run Actually Everywhere (QCon SF 2018)

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Jake Wharton Kotlin: Write Once, Run Everywhere Actually

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Kotlin?

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val firstName: String = "Jake"  val lastName: String? = null

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val firstName: String = "Jake"  val lastName: String? = null

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val firstName: String = "Jake"  val lastName: String? = null

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val firstName: String = "Jake"  val lastName: String? = null

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val firstName: String = "Jake"  val lastName: String? = null

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val firstName = "Jake"  val lastName: String? = null

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class User {  public String getName() {  // ...  }  public void setName(String name) {  // ...  }  } // ^^^ Java

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class User {  public String getName() {  // ...  }X  public void setName(String name) {  // ...  }Y  }Z // ^^^ Java vvv Kotlin val user = User()  println("Name is " + user.name)

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class User {  public String getName() {  // ...  }X  public void setName(String name) {  // ...  }Y  }Z // ^^^ Java vvv Kotlin val user = User()  println("Name is " + user.name)X

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class User {  public String getName() {  // ...  }X  public void setName(String name) {  // ...  }Y  }Z // ^^^ Java vvv Kotlin val user = User()  println("Name is ${user.name}")X

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class User {  public String getName() {  // ...  }X  public void setName(String name) {  // ...  }Y  }Z // ^^^ Java vvv Kotlin val user = User()  println("Name is $user")X

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class User {  public String getName() {  // ...  }X  public void setName(String name) {  // ...  }Y  }Z // ^^^ Java vvv Kotlin val user = User()  println("Name is $user")X

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class User {  var name = "Jake"  } // ^^^ Kotlin

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class User {  var name = "Jake"  } // ^^^ Kotlin vvv Java User user = new User(); System.out.println("Name is " + user.getName());

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class User {  var name = "Jake"  } // ^^^ Kotlin vvv Java User user = new User(); System.out.println("Name is " + user.getName());

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class User {  var name = "Jake"  } // ^^^ Kotlin vvv Java User user = new User(); System.out.println("Name is " + user.getName()); user.setName("Jane");

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class User {  var name = "Jake"  } // ^^^ Kotlin vvv Java User user = new User(); System.out.println("Name is " + user.getName()); user.setName("Jane");

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val user = User()

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val user = User()  user = User()

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val user = User()  user = User()    var currentUser = User()  currentUser = User()

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fun Date.isTuesday(): Boolean {  return day == 2  }

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fun Date.isTuesday(): Boolean {  return day == 2  } val epoch = Date(1970, 0, 0)  if (epoch.isTuesday()) {  println("The epoch was a Tuesday.")  } else {  println("The epoch was not a Tuesday.")  }

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val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();  executor.execute {Bprintln("Background thread!") }X

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val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); val foo = Foo()  executor.execute(foo::printIt) class Foo { fun printIt() {B println("Background thread!") }X }

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val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); val foo = Foo()  executor.execute(foo::printIt) class Foo { fun printIt() {B println("Background thread!") }X }

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter({ item -> item % 2 != 0 })B

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter({ item -> item % 2 != 0 })B

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter({ it % 2 != 0 })B

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter()B{ it % 2 != 0 }

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter { it % 2 != 0 }

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    val odds fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) List = items.filter { it % 2 != 0 } val oddSet = items.filterTo(mutableListOf()) { it % 2 != 0 }

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fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter { it % 2 != 0 }

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inline fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List {  // ...  }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter { it % 2 != 0 }

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inline fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List { val destination = mutableListOf() for (item in this) { if (predicate(item)) destination.add(item) }B return destination }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val odds = items.filter { it % 2 != 0 } val destination = mutableListOf< >() for (item in ) { if ( item ) destination.add(item) }G destination

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inline fun List.filter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List { val destination = mutableListOf() for (item in this) { if (predicate(item)) destination.add(item) }B return destination }A val items = listOf(1, 2, 3) val destination = mutableListOf() for (item in items) { if (item % 2 != 0) destination.add(item) }G val odds = destination filter it

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class User {D  val name = "Jake"  }A

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class User(name: String) {D  val name = name  }A   "Jake"

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class User(val name: String) {  }A

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class User(val name: String)

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class User(val name: String) val jake = User("Jake") println("Hello, $jake!")

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class User(val name: String) val jake = User("Jake") println("Hello, $jake!") Hello, User@3a71f4dd!

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data class User(val name: String) val jake = User("Jake") println("Hello, $jake!") Hello, User@3a71f4dd!

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@3a71f4dd data class User(val name: String) val jake = User("Jake") println("Hello, $jake!") Hello, User(name=Jake)!

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data class User(val name: String) val jake = User("Jake") println("Hello, $jake!") Hello, User(name=Jake)!

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data class User(val name: String, val age: Int) val jake = User("Jake") println("Hello, $jake!") Hello, User(name=Jake)!

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data class User(val name: String, val age: Int) val jake = User("Jake", 4)

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data class User(val name: String, val age: Int) val jake = User("Jake", 4) val (name, age) = jake

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data class User(val name: String, val age: Int) val (name, age) = User("Jake", 4)

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data class User(val name: String, val age: Int) fun dbLookup() = User("Jake", 4) val (name, age) = dbLookup()

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class UserPersisence(db: SqlDatabase) { private val deleteByName = db.createStatement("DELETE FROM user WHERE name = ?") fun delete(name: String) { deleteByName.bind(1, name) deleteByName.execute() } }

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class UserPersisence(db: SqlDatabase) { private val deleteByName by lazy { db.createStatement("DELETE FROM user WHERE name = ?") }C fun delete(name: String) { deleteByName.bind(1, name) deleteByName.execute() }B }A

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val deleteByName by lazy { db.createStatement("DELETE FROM user WHERE name = ?") }C

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val deleteByName by lazy { db.createStatement("DELETE FROM user WHERE name = ?") }C var name by Delegates.observable("Jane") { prop, old, new -> println("Name changed from $old to $new") }

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val deleteByName by lazy { db.createStatement("DELETE FROM user WHERE name = ?") }C var name by Delegates.observable("Jane") { prop, old, new -> println("Name changed from $old to $new") } var address by Delegates.notNull()

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fun main(vararg args: String) = runBlocking { val jobs = List(100_000) { launch(CommonPool) { delay(1000L) print(".") } } jobs.forEach { it.join() } }

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Multiplatform Abstraction Your App

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Your App

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Your App

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X O X X X O O O X

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iOS Web Server / API Android

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Android

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package xo; public enum Mark { X, O; }

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package xo; import java.util.Arrays; public final class Board { private static final int SIZE = 3; private final Mark[][] cells; public Board() { this.cells = new Mark[3][3]; } // TODO mutator methods... @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Board)) return false; Board other = (Board) o; return Arrays.deepEquals(cells, other.cells); } @Override public int hashCode() { return Arrays.deepHashCode(cells);

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package xo; import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull; public final class Player { public final String name; public final Mark mark; public Player(String name, Mark mark) { this.name = requireNonNull(name, "name == null"); this.mark = requireNonNull(mark, "mark == null"); } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Player)) return false; Player other = (Player) o; return name.equals(other.name) && mark == other.mark; } @Override public int hashCode() { return 31 * name.hashCode() + mark.hashCode(); }

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package xo; public enum State { PLAYER_1_MOVE, PLAYER_2_MOVE, PLAYER_1_WIN, PLAYER_2_WIN, DRAW, }

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package xo; import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull; public final class Game { private final Board board; private final Player player1; private final Player player2; private State state = State.PLAYER_1_MOVE; public Game(Board board, Player player1, Player player2) { this.board = requireNonNull(board, "board == null"); this.player1 = requireNonNull(player1, "player1 == null"); this.player2 = requireNonNull(player2, "player2 == null"); } // TODO mutator methods... @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Game)) return false; Game other = (Game) o; return board.equals(other.board) && player1.equals(other.player1)

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Game Board Mark State Player

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Game Board Mark State Player

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public final class Player { public final String name; public final Mark mark; public Player(String name, Mark mark) { this.name = requireNonNull(name, "name == null"); this.mark = requireNonNull(mark, "mark == null"); }A @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Player)) return false; Player other = (Player) o; return name.equals(other.name) && mark == other.mark; }B @Override public int hashCode() { return 31 * name.hashCode() + mark.hashCode(); }C @Override public String toString() { return "Player{name='" + name + ", mark=" + mark + '}'; }D }E

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data class Player(val name: String, val mark: Mark) public final { public final ; public final ; public Player(String name, Mark mark) { this.name = requireNonNull(name, "name == null"); this.mark = requireNonNull(mark, "mark == null"); }A @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Player)) return false; Player other = (Player) o; return name.equals(other.name) && mark == other.mark; }B @Override public int hashCode() { return 31 * name.hashCode() + mark.hashCode(); }C @Override public String toString() { return "Player{name='" + name + ", mark=" + mark + '}'; }D }E

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Game Mark State Board Player

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State Board Game Mark Player

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Game Mark State Board *.java *.kt Player

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*.kt Game Mark State *.java

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kotlinc *.kt Game Mark State *.java

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*.kt Game Mark State *.java kotlinc

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javac *.kt Game Mark State *.java kotlinc

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kotlinc javac *.kt Game Mark State *.java

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kotlinc javac *.kt Game Mark State *.java

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kotlin-stdlib kotlinc javac *.kt Game Mark State *.java

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kotlin-stdlib kotlinc javac *.kt Game Mark State *.java models/

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iOS Web Server / API Android

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iOS Web Server / API Android

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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data class NewGameUiModel( val winTotal: Long, val lossTotal: Long )

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data class NewGameUiModel( val winTotal: Long, val lossTotal: Long ) data class GameUiModel( val game: Game )

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data class NewGameUiModel( val winTotal: Long, val lossTotal: Long ) data class GameUiModel( ) val game: Game

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data class NewGameUiModel( val winTotal: Long, val lossTotal: Long ) data class GameUiModel( val game: Game )

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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class NewGamePresenter {C fun model(): NewGameUiModel { }B }A

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class NewGamePresenter(private val gameStore: GameStore) {C fun model(): NewGameUiModel { }B }A

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class NewGamePresenter(private val gameStore: GameStore) {C fun model(): NewGameUiModel { val totals = gameStore.totals() return NewGameUiModel(totals.wins, totals.losses) }B }A

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class GamePresenter {D fun model(): GameUiModel {C }B }A

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class GamePresenter(private val gameId: Long) {D fun model(): GameUiModel {C }B }A

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class GamePresenter( private val gameId: Long, private val gameStore: GameStore ) {D fun model(): GameUiModel {C }B }A

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class GamePresenter( private val gameId: Long, private val gameStore: GameStore ) {D fun models(): Observable {C }B }A

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class GamePresenter( private val gameId: Long, private val gameStore: GameStore ) {D fun move(row: Int, col: Int )Z{C }G fun models(): Observable {C }B }A

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class GamePresenter( private val gameId: Long, private val gameStore: GameStore ) {D fun models(events: Observable): Observable {C }B sealed class UiEvent { data class Move(val row: Int, val col: Int): UiEvent() // ... } }A fun move( )Z{C }G

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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interface GameStore { }A

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interface GameStore { suspend fun totals(): Totals data class Totals(val wins: Long, val losses: Long) }A

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interface GameStore { suspend fun totals(): Totals fun game(id: Long): Observable data class Totals(val wins: Long, val losses: Long) }A

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interface GameStore { suspend fun totals(): Totals fun game(id: Long): Observable suspend fun move(id: Long, row: Int, col: Int) data class Totals(val wins: Long, val losses: Long) }A

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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class SqliteGameStore(private val db: SQLiteDatabase) : GameStore { override suspend fun totals() = TODO() override fun game(id: Long) = TODO() override suspend fun move(id: Long, row: Int, col: Int) = TODO() }

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class IosGameStore(private val db: CoreDataGameStore) : GameStore { override suspend fun totals() = TODO() override fun game(id: Long) = TODO() override suspend fun move(id: Long, row: Int, col: Int) = TODO() }

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class IosGameStore( ) : GameStore { override suspend fun totals() = TODO() override fun game(id: Long) = TODO() override suspend fun move(id: Long, row: Int, col: Int) = TODO() } private val db: CoreDataGameStore

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class StorageGameStore(private val store: Storage) : GameStore { override suspend fun totals() = TODO() override fun game(id: Long) = TODO() override suspend fun move(id: Long, row: Int, col: Int) = TODO() }A

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import org.w3c.dom.Storage class StorageGameStore( ) : GameStore { override suspend fun totals() = TODO() override fun game(id: Long) = TODO() override suspend fun move(id: Long, row: Int, col: Int) = TODO() }A private val store: Storage

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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object TicTacToeLogic { fun validateMove( game: Game, player: Player, row: Int, col: Int): Boolean { when (game.state) { State.PLAYER_1_MOVE -> require(game.player1 == player) State.PLAYER_2_MOVE -> require(game.player2 == player) else -> error("Game is over") } return game.board[row][col] == null } fun nextState(game: Game): State { findWinner(game.board)?.let { return if (game.player1.mark == it) State.PLAYER_1_WIN else State.PLAYER_2_WIN } if (game.board.isComplete()) { return State.DRAW } return if (game.state == State.PLAYER_1_MOVE) State.PLAYER_2_MOVE else State.PLAYER_1_MOVE } fun findWinner(board: Board): Mark? = TODO() fun Board.isComplete(): Boolean = TODO() }

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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Android iOS Web iOS Web Server / API Android View Models Presenters Client Backend Business Logic Models

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class GameView(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet) : ContraintLayout(context, attrs), Consumer { override fun accept(model: GamePresenter.UiModel) { // TODO bind to view... } }

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class GameViewController : UiViewController { func update(model: GamePresenter.UiModel) { // TODO bind to view... } }

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function update(model) { // TODO bind to DOM/template/JSX/whatever... }

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@POST @Path("/api/move") fun Game move( @QueryParam("id") id: Long, @QueryParam("row") row: Int, @QueryParam("col") col: Int) { // TODO check business logic, persist, return updated game ... }

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apk via aab apk via aab apk webapk apk via aab via url url apk via aab via url Chrome app url url pwa ipa ipa url url

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kotlin-stdlib kotlinc javac *.kt *.java

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external interface ChromePlatform { val omnibox: Omnibox val storage: Storage val tabs: Tabs }A @JsName("chrome") external val Chrome: ChromePlatform

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$ ts2kt chrome.ts external interface ChromePlatform { val omnibox: Omnibox val storage: Storage val tabs: Tabs }A @JsName("chrome") external val Chrome: ChromePlatform

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external interface ChromePlatform { val omnibox: Omnibox val storage: Storage val tabs: Tabs }A @JsName("chrome") external val Chrome: ChromePlatform

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external interface ChromePlatform { val omnibox: Omnibox val storage: Storage val tabs: Tabs }A @JsName("chrome") external val Chrome: ChromePlatform fun main(vararg args: String) { val configStore = StorageAreaConfigStore( Chrome.storage.sync, PRODUCTION_GIT_WEB, PRODUCTION_DAC) // ... }

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function main(args) { var configStore = new StorageAreaConfigStore(chrome.storage.sync, reference.PRODUCTION_GIT_WEB, reference.PRODUCTION_DAC); // ... }

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import gamestore.CoreDataGameStore class IosGameStore(private val db: CoreDataGameStore) : GameStore { override suspend fun totals() = TODO() override fun game(id: Long) = TODO() override suspend fun move(id: Long, row: Int, col: Int) = TODO() }A // tictactoe.def headers = game_store.h package = gamestore

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konan *.kt

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konan *.kt *.h

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konan *.kt llvm *.h

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konan *.kt llvm *.h

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konan *.kt llvm *.h

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import kotlin.collections.ArrayList import kotlin.collections.MutableList val users: MutableList = ArrayList()

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import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteList import kotlin.collections.MutableList val users: MutableList = CopyOnWriteArrayList() kotlin.collections.ArrayList

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import kotlin.collections.MutableList val users: MutableList = CopyOnWriteArrayList()

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import kotlin.collections.MutableList val users: MutableList = CopyOnWriteArrayList() expect class CopyOnWriteArrayList : MutableList

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import kotlin.collections.MutableList val users: MutableList = CopyOnWriteArrayList() expect class CopyOnWriteArrayList : MutableList actual typealias CopyOnWriteArrayList = java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList actual typealias CopyOnWriteArrayList = ArrayList

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expect interface Closeable { fun close() }

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expect interface Closeable { fun close() } actual typealias Closeable = java.io.Closeable actual interface Closeable { actual fun close() } actual interface Closeable { actual fun close() }