val3dity v2.0 

Automatic repairin With my colleague John Z of the most common err errors = very common in 3D buildings 2 

rules for validation of 2D polygons 3 Validation of a polygon = a solved problem OGC Simple Features and ISO19107 rules: 1 no self-intersection 2 closed boundaries 3 rings can touch but not overlap 4 no duplicate points 5 no dangling edges 6 connected interior 7 etc p2 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p3 p12 p11 p10 p1 exterior boundary interior boundary 8 / 26 

valid? TU Delft’s validation software: val3dity 4 • as ISO 19107 as possible (only linear/planar primitives) • use of CGAL: robust and fast • C++ • kind to the user 

all 3D primitives of CityGML 5 LinearRing Polygon Point MultiSurface CompositeSurface MultiSolid CompositeSolid Solid 

some solids, some valid some invalid 6 s1 s2 s3 s4 invalid invalid valid valid s9 s10 s11 s12 invalid invalid valid invalid s5 s6 s7 s8 invalid invalid invalid valid 

error codes 7 

ISO19107 solids are not 2-manifolds 8 exterior boundary interior boundary profile of the solid 

eg, what needs to be checked 9 ISO 19107 rules also in 3D 1 distinct vertex 2 closedness of the rings of every surface 3 orientation of points within a surface (with inner rings) 4 planarity of surfaces 5 non-self intersection of surfaces 6 non-overlapping inner rings on a surface 7 orientation of normal vectors 8 “watertightness” of every shell 9 “connectedness” of the interior 10 how inner/outer shells interact with each others 11 ... 22 / 26 

Buildings and BuildingParts are supported 10 This Building in Den Haag has 12 BuildingParts and these shouldn’t overlap!