Why we failed at modularizing our app - Speaker Deck

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Why we failed at modularizing “our app” An honest retrospective Droidcon Berlin 19

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Marcos Holgado @Orbycius

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“Common sense is not that common” @Orbycius Voltaire, Dictionnaire Philosophique (1764)

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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How does it work? @Orbycius

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productFlavors { uk { ... apply from: 'uk.gradle' } international { ... apply from: 'international.gradle' } germany { ... apply from: 'germany.gradle' } italia { ... apply from: 'italy.gradle' } } @Orbycius

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productFlavors { uk { ... apply from: 'uk.gradle' } international { ... apply from: 'international.gradle' } germany { ... apply from: 'germany.gradle' } italia { ... apply from: 'italy.gradle' } } @Orbycius App

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productFlavors { uk { ... apply from: 'uk.gradle' } international { ... apply from: 'international.gradle' } germany { ... apply from: 'germany.gradle' } italia { ... apply from: 'italy.gradle' } } @Orbycius App src

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productFlavors { uk { ... apply from: 'uk.gradle' } international { ... apply from: 'international.gradle' } germany { ... apply from: 'germany.gradle' } italia { ... apply from: 'italy.gradle' } } @Orbycius App src main

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productFlavors { uk { ... apply from: 'uk.gradle' } international { ... apply from: 'international.gradle' } germany { ... apply from: 'germany.gradle' } italia { ... apply from: 'italy.gradle' } } @Orbycius App src main germany uk italia international

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@Orbycius App src main germany uk italia international

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@Orbycius src main uk germany

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@Orbycius src main uk germany Feature 1

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@Orbycius src main uk germany Feature 1

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@Orbycius src main uk germany Feature 1 Feature 2

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@Orbycius src main uk germany Feature 1.1 Feature 2

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@Orbycius src main uk germany Feature 1.1 Feature 2

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@Orbycius src main uk germany Feature 1.1 Feature 2

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@Orbycius Author: Marcos Holgado <…@sky.uk> Date: Bug fix for tab colours... again Tue Oct 17 09:36:44 2017 +0100

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@Orbycius Author: Marcos Holgado <…@sky.uk> Date: Bug fix for tab colours... again Author: Marcos Holgado <…@sky.uk> Date: Fix tab colours again :( Tue Oct 17 09:36:44 2017 +0100 Mon Oct 23 16:10:08 2017 +0100

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@Orbycius Author: Marcos Holgado <…@sky.uk> Date: Bug fix for tab colours... again Author: Marcos Holgado <…@sky.uk> Date: Fix tab colours again :( Tue Oct 17 09:36:44 2017 +0100 Mon Oct 23 16:10:08 2017 +0100

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Long build times Change one break many Painful to work with It doesn’t scale … @Orbycius

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Convincing people is hard @Orbycius

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Convincing people out of your team is hard @Orbycius

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“The Vision” @Orbycius

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Showcase App @Orbycius

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Feature 1 @Orbycius Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8

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Feature 1 @Orbycius Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8

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Feature 1 @Orbycius Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8

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Feature 1 @Orbycius Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8

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Feature 1 @Orbycius Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8

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Feature 1 @Orbycius Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8

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What is a module? @Orbycius

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@Orbycius Feature modules Core

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@Orbycius Feature modules Core

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius Inputs

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@Orbycius Inputs Outputs

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@Orbycius Inputs Outputs listeners()

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Inputs Outputs listeners() App @Orbycius

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Inputs Outputs listeners() App @Orbycius implements

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What is a feature? @Orbycius

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Inputs Outputs App @Orbycius Article List

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Inputs Outputs ArticleListActivity App @Orbycius Article List

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Inputs Outputs ArticleListActivity App @Orbycius Article List ArticleWebViewActivity?

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Inputs Outputs App @Orbycius Article List onArticleClick() Article Reader Inputs Outputs

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Inputs Outputs App @Orbycius implements Article List onArticleClick() Article Reader Inputs Outputs

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Inputs Outputs App @Orbycius implements Article List onArticleClick() Article Reader Inputs Outputs

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The ﬁrst module @Orbycius

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App @Orbycius

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App @Orbycius Streaming

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App @Orbycius Streaming

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV

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Extremely complicated feature @Orbycius

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Extremely complicated feature Hard deadline @Orbycius

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Extremely complicated feature Hard deadline Mainly done by one person @Orbycius

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Extremely complicated feature Hard deadline Mainly done by one person Very bad 1st example @Orbycius

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Start with the easiest @Orbycius

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Splash Screen @Orbycius

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Start with the most valuable @Orbycius

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Integrate ASAP @Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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Don’t compromise your modules @Orbycius

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Dependency Injection @Orbycius

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Streaming player

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Core Streaming player

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Core Streaming player

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Core Streaming player

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Core Streaming player User

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Core Streaming player User User

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Core Streaming player User User

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App @Orbycius Streaming Live TV Core Streaming player User User

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Dagger to the rescue @Orbycius

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Dagger to the rescue @Orbycius ?

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Dagger vs Koin @Orbycius

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If you don’t want to understand it, don’t use it @Orbycius

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SODD @Orbycius

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Stack Overﬂow Driven Development @Orbycius

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@Orbycius @Provides public ForegroundManager provideForegroundManager(Context context) { useForegroundManager = new ForegroundManager((Application) context); if (!foregroundManager.compareAndSet(null, useForegroundManager)) { useForegroundManager = foregroundManager.get(); } } return useForegroundManager; } private final AtomicReference foregroundManager; ForegroundManager useForegroundManager = foregroundManager.get(); if (useForegroundManager == null) { } @Singleton

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@Orbycius @Provides public ForegroundManager provideForegroundManager(Context context) { useForegroundManager = new ForegroundManager((Application) context); if (!foregroundManager.compareAndSet(null, useForegroundManager)) { useForegroundManager = foregroundManager.get(); } } return useForegroundManager; } private final AtomicReference foregroundManager; ForegroundManager useForegroundManager = foregroundManager.get(); if (useForegroundManager == null) { } @Singleton

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@Orbycius @Provides public ForegroundManager provideForegroundManager(Context context) { useForegroundManager = new ForegroundManager((Application) context); if (!foregroundManager.compareAndSet(null, useForegroundManager)) { useForegroundManager = foregroundManager.get(); } } return useForegroundManager; } private final AtomicReference foregroundManager; ForegroundManager useForegroundManager = foregroundManager.get(); if (useForegroundManager == null) { } @Singleton

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@Orbycius public class PlayerActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Inject Utility utility; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { .getStreamingComponent() .addSubcomponent(new StreamingModule(this)) .inject(this); } [...] } } // Check that a sub-class hasn't just done DI for us! if (utility == null) { StreamingModuleMain.getStreamingModuleHelper()

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@Orbycius public class PlayerActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Inject Utility utility; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { .getStreamingComponent() .addSubcomponent(new StreamingModule(this)) .inject(this); } [...] } } // Check that a sub-class hasn't just done DI for us! if (utility == null) { StreamingModuleMain.getStreamingModuleHelper()

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@Orbycius public class PlayerActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Inject Utility utility; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { .getStreamingComponent() .addSubcomponent(new StreamingModule(this)) .inject(this); } [...] } } // Check that a sub-class hasn't just done DI for us! if (utility == null) { StreamingModuleMain.getStreamingModuleHelper()

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@Orbycius public interface ModuleMain { void initialise(); void terminate(); BaseNavObjectRegistrar getNavObjectRegistrar(); } ModuleHelper getModuleHelper();

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@Orbycius public interface ModuleMain { void initialise(); void terminate(); BaseNavObjectRegistrar getNavObjectRegistrar(); } ModuleHelper getModuleHelper();

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@Orbycius public interface ModuleMain { void initialise(); void terminate(); BaseNavObjectRegistrar getNavObjectRegistrar(); } public interface ModuleHelper { void setCoreComponent(CoreComponent coreComponent); CoreComponent getCoreComponent(); } ModuleHelper getModuleHelper();

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Subcomponents @Orbycius

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App @Orbycius Streaming @Component(modules = [AppModule::class]) interface AppComponent { fun inject(mainActivity: MainActivity) fun plus( ) } @Subcomponent(modules = [StreamingModule::class]) interface StreamingSubcomponent { fun inject(activity: PlayerActivity) } streamingComponent: StreamingSubcomponent

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App @Orbycius Streaming @Component(modules = [AppModule::class]) interface AppComponent { fun inject(mainActivity: MainActivity) fun plus( ) } @Subcomponent(modules = [StreamingModule::class]) interface StreamingSubcomponent { fun inject(activity: PlayerActivity) } streamingComponent: StreamingSubcomponent

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App @Orbycius Streaming @Component(modules = [AppModule::class]) interface AppComponent { fun inject(mainActivity: MainActivity) fun plus( ) } @Subcomponent(modules = [StreamingModule::class]) interface StreamingSubcomponent { fun inject(activity: PlayerActivity) } streamingComponent: StreamingSubcomponent

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App @Orbycius Streaming .plus(streamingSubcomponent) .inject(this) @Component(modules = [AppModule::class]) interface AppComponent { fun inject(mainActivity: MainActivity) fun plus( ) } streamingComponent: StreamingSubcomponent appComponent

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App @Orbycius Streaming .plus(streamingSubcomponent) .inject(this) @Component(modules = [AppModule::class]) interface AppComponent { fun inject(mainActivity: MainActivity) fun plus( ) } streamingComponent: StreamingSubcomponent appComponent

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App @Orbycius Streaming .plus(streamingSubcomponent) .inject(this) @Component(modules = [AppModule::class]) interface AppComponent { fun inject(mainActivity: MainActivity) fun plus( ) } streamingComponent: StreamingSubcomponent appComponent

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Subcomponents @Orbycius

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Subcomponents @Orbycius

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@Orbycius @Component( modules = StreamingModule.class, dependencies = CoreComponent.class ) public interface StreamingComponent { }

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core interface CoreComponentProvider { CoreComponent provideCoreComponent(); } interface AppComponentProvider { AppComponent provideAppComponent(); } interface StreamingComponentProvider { StreamingComponent provideStComponent(); }

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core interface CoreComponentProvider { CoreComponent provideCoreComponent(); } interface AppComponentProvider { AppComponent provideAppComponent(); } interface StreamingComponentProvider { StreamingComponent provideStComponent(); } class SkySportsApplication extends Application implements CoreComponentProvider, AppComponentProvider { }

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@Orbycius interface AppComponentProvider { AppComponent provideAppComponent(); } class SkySportsApplication extends Application implements CoreComponentProvider, AppComponentProvider { private CoreComponent coreComponent; private AppComponent appComponent; @Override public CoreComponent provideCoreComponent() { if (coreComponent == null) { coreComponent = DaggerCoreComponent.builder() .commonModule(new CommonModule(this)) .build(); } return commonComponent; } }

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@Orbycius public class UKSportsApplication extends implements { private StreamingComponent streamingComponent; } SkySportsApplication StreamingComponentProvider .coreComponent(provideCoreComponent()) @Override public StreamingComponent provideStreamingComponent() { if (streamingComponent == null) { streamingComponent = DaggerStreamingComponent.builder() .streamingModule(new StreamingModule( .build(); } return streamingComponent; } provideAppComponent().getUser()

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@Orbycius public class UKSportsApplication extends implements { private StreamingComponent streamingComponent; } SkySportsApplication StreamingComponentProvider .coreComponent(provideCoreComponent()) @Override public StreamingComponent provideStreamingComponent() { if (streamingComponent == null) { streamingComponent = DaggerStreamingComponent.builder() .streamingModule(new StreamingModule( .build(); } return streamingComponent; } provideAppComponent().getUser()

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@Orbycius public class UKSportsApplication extends implements { private StreamingComponent streamingComponent; } SkySportsApplication StreamingComponentProvider .coreComponent(provideCoreComponent()) @Override public StreamingComponent provideStreamingComponent() { if (streamingComponent == null) { streamingComponent = DaggerStreamingComponent.builder() .streamingModule(new StreamingModule( .build(); } return streamingComponent; } provideAppComponent().getUser()

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@Orbycius public class UKSportsApplication extends implements { private StreamingComponent streamingComponent; } SkySportsApplication StreamingComponentProvider .coreComponent(provideCoreComponent()) @Override public StreamingComponent provideStreamingComponent() { if (streamingComponent == null) { streamingComponent = DaggerStreamingComponent.builder() .streamingModule(new StreamingModule( .build(); } return streamingComponent; } provideAppComponent().getUser()

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@Orbycius public class UKSportsApplication extends implements { private StreamingComponent streamingComponent; } SkySportsApplication StreamingComponentProvider .coreComponent(provideCoreComponent()) @Override public StreamingComponent provideStreamingComponent() { if (streamingComponent == null) { streamingComponent = DaggerStreamingComponent.builder() .streamingModule(new StreamingModule( .build(); } return streamingComponent; } provideAppComponent().getUser()

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@Orbycius public class PlayerActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Inject Utility utility; @Inject User user; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { StreamingInjectHelper.provideStreamingComponent( getApplicationContext() ).inject(this); } }

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@Orbycius public class StreamingInjectHelper { public static StreamingComponent provideStreamingComponent(final Context context){ if (context instanceof StreamingComponentProvider) { return ((StreamingComponentProvider)context).provideStreamingComponent(); } else { throw new IllegalStateException("The context you have passed does not implement StreamingComponentProvider"); } } }

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Understand what you do Share knowledge @Orbycius

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@Orbycius KI S S

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@Orbycius K I S S Keep It Simple Stupid

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@Orbycius Too smart to fail?

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@Orbycius If the team can’t understand it, you already failed

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@Orbycius @Provides @IntoMap @IntKey(TableRow.CRICKET_ROW) SportsListViewHolderFactory provideCricketViewHolder() { return new CricketStandingViewHolderFactory(); } @Provides @IntoMap @IntKey(TableRow.RUGBY_ROW) SportsListViewHolderFactory provideRugbyViewHolder() { return new RugbyStandingViewHolderFactory(); } @Provides @IntoMap @IntKey(TableRow.F1_ROW) SportsListViewHolderFactory provideF1DriverViewHolder() { return new F1DriverStandingViewHolderFactory(); }

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@Orbycius @Provides Map provideSportsListViewHolderFactoryMap() { Map map = new HashMap<>(); map.put(TableRow.F1_ROW, new F1DriverStandingViewHolderFactory()); map.put(TableRow.CRICKET_ROW, new CricketStandingViewHolderFactory()); map.put(TableRow.RUGBY_ROW, new RugbyStandingViewHolderFactory()); return map; }

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@Orbycius public class Config implements Parcelable { /** * Config Sections */ private final Map sections; }

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@Orbycius public class Config implements Parcelable { /** * Config Sections */ private final Map sections; } public interface ConfigSection extends Parcelable { /** * Name of the section to use as a key * * @return Name of the section to use for lookups */ String getSectionName(); }

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@Orbycius public class ConfigDeserialiser implements JsonDeserializer { /** * Deserialiser for individual sections, keyed on the sections they support * * Note that this means each deserialiser may appear more than once! */ private final Map sectionDeserialisers; }

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@Orbycius public class ConfigDeserialiser implements JsonDeserializer { /** * Deserialiser for individual sections, keyed on the sections they support * * Note that this means each deserialiser may appear more than once! */ private final Map sectionDeserialisers; } public interface ConfigSectionDeserialiser { Collection supportedParentKeys(); String sectionKey(); @NonNull T deserialiseSection(String key, JsonElement sectionSource, @Nullable T existingSection); T getDefaultSection(); }

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@Orbycius public class ForcedUpgradeDeserialiser implements ConfigSectionDeserialiser { public static final String LATEST_VERSION = "lver"; public static final String MESSAGE_TITLE = "title"; public static final String MESSAGE_BODY = "message"; public static final String FORCE_UPGRADE = "shouldForce"; }

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@Orbycius public class ForcedUpgradeDeserialiser implements ConfigSectionDeserialiser { public static final String LATEST_VERSION = "lver"; public static final String MESSAGE_TITLE = "title"; public static final String MESSAGE_BODY = "message"; public static final String FORCE_UPGRADE = "shouldForce"; } public class ForcedUpgrade implements ConfigSection { public static final String FORCED_UPGRADE = "shouldForce"; /** * Latest version code */ private int latestVersion; }

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@Orbycius “Deleted a lot of classes around config because let's be honest, is just a json so why over complicating it?”

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@Orbycius “Deleted a lot of classes around config because let's be honest, is just a json so why over complicating it?”

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Core @Orbycius

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Core @Orbycius do you need it?

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core User User

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core User User

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core User About

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core User About other_libraries

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core About other_libraries User User

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core User User

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core User User Streaming

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Treat each module* as a library @Orbycius *feature module

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Treat each module* as a library… maybe @Orbycius

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Testing @Orbycius

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Showcase App @Orbycius

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@Orbycius Feature 1 Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8

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Showcase App @Orbycius

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Showcase App @Orbycius

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Sample Apps @Orbycius

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@Orbycius Feature 1 Feature 2 Feature 3 Feature 4 Feature 5 Feature 6 Feature 7 Feature 8 Feature 9

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@Orbycius Resource conﬂicts

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test implementation project(path: ':core') implementation project(path: ':streaming')

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test implementation project(path: ':core') implementation project(path: ':streaming') My test

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test implementation project(path: ':core') implementation project(path: ':streaming') Core test

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test implementation project(path: ':core') implementation project(path: ':streaming') Core test Core test

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test Core test implementation project(path: ':streaming') implementation project(path: ':core')

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test My test Core test implementation project(path: ':streaming') implementation project(path: ':core')

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test Core test implementation project(path: ':streaming') implementation project(path: ':core') App test

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App @Orbycius Streaming Core My test App test Core test implementation project(path: ':streaming') implementation project(path: ':core') App test

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@Orbycius android { compileSdkVersion androidCompileSdkVersion defaultConfig { minSdkVersion androidMinSdkVersion targetSdkVersion androidTargetSdkVersion versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } }

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@Orbycius android { compileSdkVersion androidCompileSdkVersion defaultConfig { minSdkVersion androidMinSdkVersion targetSdkVersion androidTargetSdkVersion versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } resourcePrefix 'my_prefix' }

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@Orbycius My other test Resource named '`test`' does not start with the project's resource prefix '`my_prefix`'; rename to '`my_prefixTest`' ? !

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@Orbycius My other test Resource named '`test`' does not start with the project's resource prefix '`my_prefix`'; rename to '`my_prefixTest`' ? !

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@Orbycius Android Studio Scopes

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius

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@Orbycius Recap

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@Orbycius App is the glue that holds all together

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@Orbycius Treat your feature modules as libraries

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@Orbycius “Everything should be as simple as possible, but not simpler” Albert Einstein

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@Orbycius THANKS https://github.com/marcosholgado/dagger-playground (blog) http://bit.ly/android-module