Using ImageMagick to resize your Images [FSTO]

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David Newton, St. Michael’s Hospital 1 1 Using ImageMagick to resize your Images Full Stack Toronto, 2015-04-08 Twitter: @newtron Github: @nwtn Email: david@davidnewton.ca Slides + image credits: https://github.com/nwtn/pres-imagemagick-fsto

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3 Responsive images are a pain in the butt

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7 ImageMagick, y’all

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9 $ brew install imagemagick

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10 Condition (unoptimized input) File size: mean File size: % difference Photoshop CC, with optimization 260,305 bytes ImageMagick `-resize` 385,795 bytes 48.21%

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11 How does image resizing work?

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12 685,936 pixels 189,739 pixels

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13 …to 64 pixels? How do we get from 16 pixels…

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14 != resampling

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15 …to 64 pixels? How do we get from 16 pixels…

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16 …to 64 pixels? How do we get from 16 pixels… Background interpolation

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17 …to 64 pixels? How do we get from 16 pixels… Nearest-neighbour interpolation

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18 Nearest-neighbour interpolation

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19 Bicubic interpolation

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20 Nearest-neighbour vs. bicubic interpolation

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21 7 colours 1,146 colours

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More colours = More bytes* 23

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24 https://github.com/nwtn/image-resize-tests/

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25 How do we know which options are best?

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Quality objective: measured with DSSIM 26

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27 Control Test Difference

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Quality subjective: from me 29

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Test a variety of images 30

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31 The best* settings for ImageMagick

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32 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.08+8.3+0.045 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB INPUT_PATH With optimization:

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33 https://github.com/toy/image_optim https://github.com/ajslater/picopt https://imageoptim.com/

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34 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH Without optimization:

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35 mogrify vs. convert

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37 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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38 resampling filter

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39 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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40 Adaptive resize Distort resize Geometry Interpolative resize Liquid rescale Resize Sample Scale Thumbnail

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41 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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44 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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46 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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47 Fancy

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48 sharpening

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49 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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50 -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.045 radius sigma gain threshold

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51 -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.045 radius sigma gain threshold

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52 colour reduction

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53 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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59 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -colors NUMBER_OF_COLORS -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH If output file size is larger than input:

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60 7 colours 1,146 colours

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61 7 colours 7 colours

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62 quality and compression

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63 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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64 quality 10 quality 40 quality 70 quality 100

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65 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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66 metadata

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67 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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68 progressive rendering

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69 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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Progressive JPEGs Good? Evil? 72

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73 colour space

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74 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH

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76 The best* settings for ImageMagick

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77 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.08+8.3+0.045 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB INPUT_PATH With optimization:

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78 mogrify -path OUTPUT_PATH -filter Triangle - define filter:support=2.0 -thumbnail OUTPUT_WIDTH -unsharp 0.25x0.25+8+0.065 -dither None - posterize 136 -quality 82 -define jpeg:fancy- upsampling=off -define png:compression-filter=5 - define png:compression-level=9 -define png:compression-strategy=1 -define png:exclude- chunk=all -interlace none -colorspace sRGB -strip INPUT_PATH Without optimization:

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79 Why even bother?

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80 Condition (unoptimized input) File size: mean File size: % difference My settings, optimization 218,274 bytes My settings, no optimization 259,852 bytes 19.05%

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81 Condition (unoptimized input) File size: mean File size: % difference My settings, optimization 218,274 bytes My settings, no optimization 259,852 bytes 19.05% Photoshop CC, optimization 260,305 bytes 19.28% Photoshop CC, no optimization 299,710 bytes 35.26%

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82 Condition (unoptimized input) File size: mean File size: % difference My settings, optimization 218,274 bytes My settings, no optimization 259,852 bytes 19.05% Photoshop CC, optimization 260,305 bytes 19.28% Photoshop CC, no optimization 299,710 bytes 35.26% basic `-resize` / WordPress* 385,795 bytes 76.75%

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83 Condition (unoptimized input) File size: mean File size: % difference My settings, optimization 218,274 bytes My settings, no optimization 259,852 bytes 19.05% Photoshop CC, optimization 260,305 bytes 19.28% Photoshop CC, no optimization 299,710 bytes 35.26% CodeIgniter / ExpressionEngine 340,461 bytes 55.98% TYPO3.CMS* 359,112 bytes 64.52% basic `-resize` / WordPress* 385,795 bytes 76.75% Drupal* 397,588 bytes 82.15% Perch* 416,790 bytes 90.95% Craft CMS* 425,259 bytes 94.83% grunt-responsive-images* 500,273 bytes 129.20%

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84 PHP Imagick

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87 CLI Imagick DSSIM File Size -filter N/A N/A N/A -define filter:support setOption() ? ? -thumbnail thumbnailImage() ✗ ✗ -unsharp unsharpMaskImage() ✔ ✔ -dither & -posterize posterizeImage() ✔ ✔ -quality setImageCompressionQuality() ✔ ✗ -define jpeg:fancy-upsampling setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:compression-filter setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:compression-level setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:compression-strategy setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:exclude-chunk setOption() ✔ ✔ -interlace setInterlaceScheme() ✔ ✔ -colorspace setColorspace() ✔ ✔ -strip stripImage() ✔ ✔

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89 CLI Imagick DSSIM File Size -filter custom ✔ ✗ -define filter:support setOption() ✔ ✗ -thumbnail custom ✔ ✗ -unsharp unsharpMaskImage() ✔ ✔ -dither & -posterize posterizeImage() ✔ ✔ -quality setImageCompressionQuality() ✔ ✔ -define jpeg:fancy-upsampling setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:compression-filter setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:compression-level setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:compression-strategy setOption() ✔ ✔ -define png:exclude-chunk setOption() ✔ ✔ -interlace setInterlaceScheme() ✔ ✔ -colorspace setColorspace() ✔ ✔ -strip stripImage() ✔ ✔

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90 OK… but it’s still a pain in the butt

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91 https://github.com/nwtn/php-respimg/ Resizing with smart defaults + more coming soon?

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92 $ composer require nwtn/php-respimg

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94 https://www.npmjs.com/package/grunt-respimg Resizing with smart defaults SVG to PNG rasterization Optimization

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95 $ npm install grunt-respimg --save-dev

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David Newton, St. Michael’s Hospital 98 Using ImageMagick to resize your Images Full Stack Toronto, 2015-04-08 Twitter: @newtron Github: @nwtn Email: david@davidnewton.ca Slides + image credits: https://github.com/nwtn/pres-imagemagick-fsto