Gradle: From User to Addict

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Gradle: From User to Addict Jake Ouellette @jakeout

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Simple Possible

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Knowledge Gap • “Where does this variable live?” • “When does this behavior happen?” • “How do others do what I want to do?”

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build.gradle

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build.gradle apply plugin: 'android' android { compileSdkVersion 19 buildToolsVersion "19.0.3" defaultConfig { minSdkVersion 8 targetSdkVersion 19 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { runProguard false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard- android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.+' }

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I want to add a task!

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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build.gradle android { compileSdkVersion 19 … }

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build.gradle 19

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build.gradle dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.+' compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }

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build.gradle dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.+' compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }

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build.gradle dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.+' compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }

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Overview • Scoping • Timing • Setup of Tasks • Reuse of Behaviors

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Simple Possible

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Simple Possible Possimple

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Scope

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dependencies { compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' } build.gradle

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build.gradle android { dependencies { compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' } }

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build.gradle android { … } dependencies { compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' }

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{?}

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example.java new Runnable() { public void run() { … } }

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example.java final int time = System.currentTimeMillis() new Runnable() { public void run() { … } }

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example.java final int time = System.currentTimeMillis() new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println(time); } }

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example.java final int time = System.currentTimeMillis() { System.out.println(time); }

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build.gradle def closure = { println it } closure.call(“dogs”)

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build.gradle android { … }

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build.gradle android({ … })

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android() = android.apply()

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android.apply({ })

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android.apply(Closure configuration)

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build.gradle android { … }

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build.gradle android { ? }

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build.gradle { }

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build.gradle { def a = … println a } local scope

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build.gradle def a = … { println a } owner scope

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build.gradle 1) local scope 2) delegate scope 3) owner scope

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example closure.delegate = android

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example closure.delegate = it (basically)

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build.gradle println(android.getClass()) android { println(delegate.getClass()) }

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command line output class com.android.build.gradle.AppExtension_Decorated class com.android.build.gradle.AppExtension_Decorated println(android.getClass()) android { println(delegate.getClass()) }

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build.gradle android { compileSdkVersion 3 }

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build.gradle android { compileSdkVersion 3 }

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build.gradle android.compileSdkVersion

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build.gradle android { setCompileSdkVersion(3) }

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build.gradle android { getCompileSdkVersion() }

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build.gradle android { defaultConfig { minSdkVersion 8 } }

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defaultConfig.apply(Closure configuration)

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build.gradle android { defaultConfig { minSdkVersion 8 } }

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build.gradle println(android.defaultConfig.getClass()) android { defaultConfig { println(delegate.getClass()) } }

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command line output class com.android.build.gradle.internal.dsl.ProductFlavorDsl_Decorated class com.android.build.gradle.internal.dsl.ProductFlavorDsl_Decorated println(android.defaultConfig.getClass()) android { defaultConfig { println(delegate.getClass()) } }

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build.gradle android { defaultConfig { minSdkVersion 8 } }

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build.gradle android.defaultConfig.minSdkVersion = 8 android{defaultConfig{minSdkVersion 8}} ~=

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build.gradle android { dependencies { compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' } }

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build.gradle repositories { maven { url “example" } }

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def maven(Closure closure)

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def maven(Closure closure) mutation

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build.gradle repositories { maven { url “example" maven { url "example2" } } }

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build.gradle (with annotation) repositories { SEARCHED NEXT maven { SEARCHED FIRST maven { url ‘example2’ } } }

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build.gradle android { dependencies { compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' } }

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build.gradle SEARCHED SECOND android { SEARCHED FIRST dependencies { compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' } }

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Timing

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apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 }

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conﬁguration apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 }

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conﬁguration apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } execution :app:compileDebugAidl :app:compileDebugRenderscript :app:generateDebugBuildConfig :app:generateDebugAssets :app:mergeDebugAssets :app:generateDebugResValues :app:generateDebugResources :app:mergeDebugResources :app:processDebugManifest :app:processDebugResources :app:generateDebugSources :app:compileDebugJava :app:preDexDebug :app:dexDebug :app:processDebugJavaRes :app:validateDebugSigning :app:packageDebug :app:zipalignDebug :app:assembleDebug

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apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print.doLast{ println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print)

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conﬁguration apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print.doLast{ println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print) apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print.doLast{ println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print) executed execution apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print.doLast{ println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print) :app:compileDebugRenderscript :app:generateDebugBuildConfig :app:generateDebugAssets :app:mergeDebugAssets :app:generateDebugResValues :app:generateDebugResources :app:mergeDebugResources :app:processDebugManifest :app:processDebugResources :app:generateDebugSources :app:compileDebugJava :app:preDexDebug :app:dexDebug :app:processDebugJavaRes :app:validateDebugSigning :app:packageDebug :app:zipalignDebug :app:print :app:assembleDebug

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afterEvaluate { println android.minSdkVersion } apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 }

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conﬁguration afterEvaluate { println android.minSdkVersion } apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } afterEvaluate { println android.minSdkVersion } apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } evaluated execution afterEvaluate { println android.minSdkVersion } apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } :app:compileDebugRenderscript :app:generateDebugBuildConfig :app:generateDebugAssets :app:mergeDebugAssets :app:generateDebugResValues :app:generateDebugResources :app:mergeDebugResources :app:processDebugManifest :app:processDebugResources :app:generateDebugSources :app:compileDebugJava :app:preDexDebug :app:dexDebug :app:processDebugJavaRes :app:validateDebugSigning :app:packageDebug :app:zipalignDebug :app:assembleDebug

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Adding a task

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Adding a task: Cache each build.gradle with a timestamp

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy)

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) << { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) << { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) << { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) << { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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ideal directory listing buildCache/ build.gradle1399906750071 build.gradle1401281449000 build.gradle1401290623000

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command line output :app:copyTask UP-TO-DATE BUILD SUCCESSFUL

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command line output > ls app/buildCache …

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build.gradle task copyTask

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org.gradle.api Interface Project All Superinterfaces: Comparable, ExtensionAware, PluginAware public interface Project extends Comparable, ExtensionAware, PluginAware This interface is the main API you use to interact with Gradle from your build file. From a Project, you have programmatic access to all of Gradle's features.

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build.gradle task copyTask

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Task task(Map args, String name) Creates a Task with the given name and adds it to this project. Task task(Map args, String name, Closure configureClosure) Creates a Task with the given name and adds it to this project. Task task(String name) Creates a Task with the given name and adds it to this project. Task task(String name, Closure configureClosure) Creates a Task with the given name and adds it to this project.

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build.gradle task copyTask

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build.gradle task(“copyTask”)

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build.gradle project.task(“copyTask”)

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy)

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build.gradle task(“copyTask”, [“type” : “Copy”]) groovy map

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Task task(“copyTask”, [“type” : “Copy”])

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build.gradle def apply(Closure closure)

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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command line output :app:copyTask

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command line output > ls app/buildCache build.gradle1399906750071

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) << { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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<< { }

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.doLast({ })

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apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print << { println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print)

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conﬁguration apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print << { println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print) apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print << { println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print) executed execution apply plugin: ‘android’ android { minSdkVersion 8 } task print << { println(“Hi!”) } assemble.dependsOn(print) :app:compileDebugRenderscript :app:generateDebugBuildConfig :app:generateDebugAssets :app:mergeDebugAssets :app:generateDebugResValues :app:generateDebugResources :app:mergeDebugResources :app:processDebugManifest :app:processDebugResources :app:generateDebugSources :app:compileDebugJava :app:preDexDebug :app:dexDebug :app:processDebugJavaRes :app:validateDebugSigning :app:packageDebug :app:zipalignDebug :app:print :app:assembleDebug

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { … } << { println(“Execution”) }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { … } << { println(“Execution”) }

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build.gradle task copyTask << { // Roll my own }

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build.gradle Files.copy( new File("build.gradle"), new File(“${project.projectDir}/buildCache/build.gradle" + System.currentTimeMillis()))

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build.gradle Files.copy( new File("build.gradle"), new File(“${project.projectDir}/buildCache/build.gradle" + System.currentTimeMillis()))

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build.gradle task copyTask << { Files.copy( new File("build.gradle"), new File(“${project.projectDir}/buildCache/build.gradle" + System.currentTimeMillis())) }

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TASK

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TASK @Input @InputDirectory @InputFile @InputFiles

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TASK @OutputDirectories @OutputDirectory @OutputFile @OutputFiles

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TASK TASK EXECUTED

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TASK TASK EXECUTED

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TASK UP-TO-DATE

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TASK TASK EXECUTED task emptyTask no inputs no outputs

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build.gradle task copyTask { inputs.file new File("build.gradle") // outputs } << { // Java file copy code }

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build.gradle task copyTask { inputs.file new File("build.gradle") // outputs } << { // Java file copy code }

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build.gradle task copyTask { inputs.file new File("build.gradle"), // outputs } << { // Java file copy code }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) << { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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TASK TASK EXECUTED

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TASK UP-TO-DATE task emptyCopy(type: Copy) TASK empty list of inputs empty list of outputs

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TASK TASK EXECUTED task emptyTask no inputs no outputs

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build.gradle task emptyCopy(type: Copy) << { }

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build.gradle task emptyCopy(type: Copy) << { } COPY TASK HAS EMPTY SET OF THINGS TO COPY // CODE WILL NOT EXECUTE

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } Good

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) << { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } BAD

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build.gradle task copyTask << { Files.copy( new File("build.gradle"), new File(“${project.projectDir}/ buildCache/build.gradle" + System.currentTimeMillis())) } Weird

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Code Reuse

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } Good

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } Good?

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} } task copyTask(type: Copy) { from ‘build.gradle’ into ‘buildCache’ rename {it + System.currentTimeMillis()} }

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build.gradle class CacheBuild extends Copy { }

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build.gradle class CacheBuild extends Copy { { … } }

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build.gradle class CacheBuild extends Copy { { … } } plain ol’ java initializer

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build.gradle class CacheBuild extends Copy { { from('build.gradle'); into('buildCache'); rename({ it + System.currentTimeMillis() }) } }

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build.gradle task cache(type:CacheBuild)

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App Project Root Library

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App Project Root Library

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App Project Root Library Custom Code

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App Project Root Library

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App Project Root Library buildsrc/src/main/groovy/CacheBuild.groovy Custom Code

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App Project Root Library buildsrc/src/main/groovy/CacheBuild.groovy

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App Project Root Library buildsrc/src/main/groovy/CacheBuild.groovy

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App Project Root Library buildsrc/src/main/groovy/CacheBuild.groovy day-job/app

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Local Maven Cache App Project Root Library CacheBuild.jar day-job/app

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plugin.groovy (‘cache’).dependsOn(compile) assemble.dependsOn(‘cache’) Assemble Compile ‘cache’

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build.gradle apply plugin: 'BuildCache'

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Local Maven Cache Library CacheBuild Plugin day-job/app

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build.gradle class BuildCache implements Plugin { void apply(Project project) { // Create task. project.task(…) // Link task dependencies. assemble.dependsOn(…) }

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build.gradle class BuildCache implements Plugin { void apply(Project project) { // Create task. project.task(…) // Link task dependencies. assemble.dependsOn(…) } ‘cache’

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build.gradle class BuildCache implements Plugin { void apply(Project project) { // Create task. project.task(…) // Link task dependencies. assemble.dependsOn(…) } ‘cache’ Assemble Compile

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build.gradle class BuildCache implements Plugin { void apply(Project project) { // Create task. project.task(…) // Link task dependencies. project.android .applicationVariants.all { … } }

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build.gradle apply plugin: 'BuildCache'

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build.gradle ExampleActivity.onClick() com.crashlytics.obfuscation.

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build.gradle a.b() com.crashlytics.obfuscation.

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Compile Task Dependency Graph Crashlytics Task Crashlytics Task

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Building on top of Android

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Pay attention to Android Gradle updates

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0.3 * System requirements: * Gradle 1.3+ (tested on 1.3/1.4). Will not be compatible with 1.5. An update will be required. * Android Platform Tools 16.0.2+ * New Features: * Renderscript support. * Support for multi resource folders. See 'multires' sample. * PNG crunch is now done incrementally and in parallel. * Support for multi asset folders. * Support for asset folders in Library Projects. * Support for versionName suffix provided by the BuildType. * Testing * Default sourceset for tests now src/instrumentTest (instrumentTest for flavors) * Instrumentation tests now: * started from "deviceCheck" instead of "check" * run on all connected devices in parallel. * break the build if any test fails. * generate an HTML report for each flavor/project, but also aggregated. * New plugin 'android-reporting' to aggregate android test results across projects. See 'flavorlib' sample. * Improved DSL: * replaced android.target with android.compileSdkVersion to make it less confusing with targetSdkVersion * signing information now a SigningConfig object reusable across BuildType and ProductFlavor * ability to relocate a full sourceSet. See 'migrated' sample. * API to manipulate Build Variants. * Fixes: * Default Java compile target set to 1.6. * Fix generation of R classes in case libraries share same package name as the app project. 0.2 * Fixed support for windows. * Added support for customized sourceset. (http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/using-the-new-build-system#TOC-Working-with-and-Customizing- SourceSets) * Added support for dependency per configuration. * Fixed support for dependency on local jar files. * New samples "migrated" and "flavorlib"

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Resource Resource Resource Resource Merge Resources Task Android Gradle v0.4

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java.lang.OutOfMemoryError Merge Resources Task Android Gradle v0.4

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Resource Resource Resource Resource Merge Resources Task Android Gradle v0.5.4

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Resource Resource Resource Resource Merge Resources Task Android Gradle v0.5.4 Merged Resource

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Use extra properties to conﬁgure on a per-ﬂavor basis

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build.gradle android { productFlavors { paid { ext.crashlyticsEnabled = true } free { ext.crashlyticsEnabled = false } } }

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build.gradle android.productFlavors.each { ext.crashlyticsEnabled }

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> // Rename package name } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’

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build.gradle apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> // Rename package name } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’

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plugin code.groovy afterEvaluate { // READ PACKAGE NAME } afterEvaluate { // CHANGE PACKAGE NAME }

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apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’ android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> // Rename package name }

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apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ android { productFlavors { paid { } } } apply plugin: ‘io.fabric’ android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> // Rename package name }