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Responsive Design is Inevitable Jason Grigsby • @grigs • cloudfour.com

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http://bit.ly/grigs-gore2014

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Got email from this guy... http://www.flickr.com/photos/corbett3000/2327165138/in/set-72157604094629546/

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Mobile is Disruptive Technology http://www.flickr.com/photos/talkephotography/4523849236/ Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 2.0

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10 20 30 40 50 60 Q1 Q3 Q5 Q7 Q9 Q11 Q13 Q15 Q17 Q19 Quarters Since Launch Subscribers (MM) iPhone + iTouch NTT docomo i-mode AOL Netscape iPhone + iTouch vs. NTT docomo i-mode vs. AOL vs. Netscape Users First 20 Quarters Since Launch Note: *AOL subscribers data not available before CQ3:94; Netscape users limited to US only. Morgan Stanley Research estimates ~39MM netbooks have shipped in first eight quarters since launch (10/07). Source: Company Reports , Morgan Stanley Research. Mobile Internet Outpaces Desktop Internet Adoption iPhone + iTouch Users = 8x AOL Users 9 Quarters After Launch Desktop Internet AOL* v 2.0 Launched 9/94 Mobile Internet NTT docomo i-mode Launched 6/99 Mobile Internet iPhone + iTouch Launched 6/07 ~57MM ~25MM ~7MM Desktop Internet Netscape* Launched 12/94 ~11MM 26 Source: http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/mobile_internet_report122009.html

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http://www.opera.com/smw/ Not just smartphones. Opera Mini growing as well.

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6.8 Billion Mobile phone for nearly everyone on the planet. Flickr photo by Pingnews: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pingnews/370061022/

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Technology Cycles - Wealth Creation / Destruction New Companies Often Win Big in New Cycles While Incumbents Often Falter Mainframe Computing 1960s Personal Computing 1980s Desktop Internet Computing 1990s Mobile Internet Computing 2000s Mini Computing 1970s New Winners New Winners New Winners New Winners Note: Winners from 1950s to 1980s based on Fortune 500 rankings (revenue-based), desktop Internet winners based on wealth created from 1995 to respective peak market capitalizations. Source: FactSet, Fortune, Morgan Stanley Research. Microsoft Cisco Intel Apple Oracle EMC Dell Compaq Google AOL eBay Yahoo! Yahoo! Japan Amazon.com Tencent Alibaba Baidu Rakuten Digital Equipment Data General HP Prime Computervision Wang Labs IBM NCR Control Data Sperry Honeywell Burroughs 16 Source: http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/mobile_internet_report122009.html

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Image Source: Computersciencelab.com, Wikipedia, IBM, Apple, Google, NTT docomo, Google, Jawbone, Pebble. Technology Cycles Have Tended to Last Ten Years Technology Cycles – Still Early Cycle on Smartphones + Tablets, Now Wearables Coming on Strong, Faster than Typical 10-Year Cycle Mainframe Computing 1960s Personal Computing 1980s Desktop Internet Computing 1990s Mobile Internet Computing 2000s Mini Computing 1970s Wearable / Everywhere Computing 2014+ Others? 49

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/76074333@N00/317952268/ | http://futuristmovie.com Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 2.0

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ME NEED IPHONE APP. http://www.flickr.com/photos/corbett3000/2327165138/in/set-72157604094629546/

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2008 We must have an iPhone App! http://www.slideshare.net/jamesgpearce/html5-and-the- dawn-of-rich-mobile-web-applications-pt-1

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2009 We must have an Android App! http://www.slideshare.net/jamesgpearce/html5-and-the- dawn-of-rich-mobile-web-applications-pt-1

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2010 We must have an iPad App! http://www.slideshare.net/jamesgpearce/html5-and-the- dawn-of-rich-mobile-web-applications-pt-1

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2011 We must have a... http://www.slideshare.net/jamesgpearce/html5-and-the- dawn-of-rich-mobile-web-applications-pt-1

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http://www.slideshare.net/jamesgpearce/html5-and-the-dawn-of-rich-mobile-web-applications-pt-1

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http://www.slideshare.net/jamesgpearce/html5-and-the- dawn-of-rich-mobile-web-applications-pt-1

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/6301799843 Zombie apocalypse of devices

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/ lukew/10412585943/

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Responsive is the answer. http://www.flickr.com/photos/38208449@N00/7712219364

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But not the way you’re thinking.

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There are other paths you can take… http://www.flickr.com/photos/95572727@N00/4204913417

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But they will lead you to the same place. http://www.flickr.com/photos/cuppini/2631488256

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Responsive design is inevitable. http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwilmore/3848170723/

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Content & Services Car sketch: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cloppy/5081768461/ HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML NATIVE NATIVE NATIVE

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Let’s say you’re going to build a separate site or app for specific form factor.

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Lines between device classes are blurring Model Type Size Size Display Resolution Resolution Viewport Viewport W H W H W H Samsung Galaxy Note 2 Phone 3.17” 5.95” 5.5” 720 1280 360 640 Motorola RAZR HD Phone 2.67” 5.19” 4.7” 720 1280 360 519 Motorola Atrix HD Phone 2.75” 5.26” 4.5” 720 1280 540 812 HTC Droid DNA Phone 2.78” 5.5” 5” 1080 1920 360 640 Nexus 7 Tablet 4.72” 7.81” 7” 800 1280 600 793 Kindle Fire Tablet 4.72” 7.44” 7” 600 1024 600 819 Kindle Fire HD Tablet 5.4” 7.6” 7” 800 1280 533 731

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640 px 600 px 519 px 640 px 622 px 533 px 812 px Which are phones and which are tablets?

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/geatchy/8489505999

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Technical challenges Being inevitable doesn’t make it easy. http://www.flickr.com/photos/presidioofmonterey/7025086135

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PERFORMANCE

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http://www.guypo.com/uncategorized/real-world-rwd-performance-take-2/ Most responsive sites are bloated 2013: 476 sites from mediaqueri.es tested

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http://www.thefoxisblack.com/2012/10/02/the-design-thinking-behind-the-new-disney-com/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/beautyredefined/2643858323/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/puuikibeach/3654517679

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Most responsive web designs are…

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The resounding answer from the community: Mobile First Responsive Web Design

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/localcelebrity/4831362933/ Different than Mobile First Design Theory

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Mobile First Design Principles Mobile First Responsive Design Forwarded by Luke Wroblewski Technical Approach for Responsive Design

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*

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*FIRST Content First Structure First Performance First API First Command Line First

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/leah8691/2184863624/

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COFFEE FIRST! http://www.flickr.com/photos/leah8691/2184863624/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/gumption/3639682201/

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But we’ve already got a desktop design and we can’t start over.

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How do I make this responsive?

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How do I make this responsive?

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How do I make this responsive?

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/ancphotos_/6728574731

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Ok, let’s start from a clean slate http://www.flickr.com/photos/salendron/5569020488/

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What would the mobile version look like?

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What would the mobile version look like?

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What would the mobile version look like?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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How does that map to desktop design?

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Can this desktop version be better using what we’ve learned from the mobile version?

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This is why Mobile First thinking is so powerful even on existing projects.

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Frequent concern for this project: How something will scale to desktop.

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Frequent concern for this project: How something will scale to desktop. Actual times this has been a problem when mobile has been solid already: 0

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Small screen assets Large screen assets Progressive enhancement based on screen size Mobile First Responsive Web Design is a technical approach for responsible responsive designs.

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/soldiersmediacenter/6999691421 Yes, there are obstacles…

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But the biggest challenge is us. http://www.flickr.com/photos/yamagatacamille/5434502250/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/hellogeri/6154034099/ A few years ago, Jeremy Keith talked about how…

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/60415054@N00/14301113/ we told ourselves that the web was…

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/60415054@N00/14301113/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/60415054@N00/14301113/ 640 px 480 px

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640 px 480 px

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1024 px 768 px

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/6153481666/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/6153481666/ Then mobile came and made us realize…

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that it was a consensual hallucination all along. http://www.flickr.com/photos/garibaldi/303085857/

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The web never had a fixed canvas. http://www.flickr.com/photos/paulocarrillo/124755065/

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Even our tools perpetuate the lie.

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/69797234@N06/7203485148/ We’re making some progress.

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We often dismiss as unlikely the idea that someone will want to use our service on a small screen.

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It’s fairly certain that the highest-value use will stay predominantly on desktop. —Jakob Nielsen http://www.flickr.com/photos/dplanet/82899080/

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Most complex tasks have vastly better user experience on the desktop and thus will be performed there… Yes, you might enter a stock trade with your broker's mobile app, but you'll research new mutual funds on the desktop. —Jakob Nielsen

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/brunauto/5062644167/

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80% during misc downtime 76% while waiting in lines 86% while watching TV 69% for point of sale research http://www.flickr.com/photos/carbonnyc/5140154965

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TMI

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39% use phone on toilet

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http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/09/ebay-vp-steve-yankovich-en-route-to-4b-in-gross-mobile-sales-tctv/

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How many cars are sold through eBay’s iPhone app each week? http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/09/ebay-vp-steve-yankovich-en-route-to-4b-in-gross-mobile-sales-tctv/

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How many cars are sold through eBay’s iPhone app each week? 2,600 http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/09/ebay-vp-steve-yankovich-en-route-to-4b-in-gross-mobile-sales-tctv/

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Each created and sold on a phone.

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$265,000 $212,685 $212,685 Each created and sold on a phone.

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In late 2008, after I had left the company, most of the eBay Mobile team was laid off or re-assigned to other parts of the company. Executives wanted to focus on the “core” of the business, and eBay Mobile was evidently not considered “core”. —Alan Lewis, Original developer of eBay iPhone App http://alanlewis.typepad.com/weblog/2011/01/ebay-for-iphone-why-it-almost-didnt-happen.html

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But if there’s one thing I’ve learned in observing people on their mobile devices, it’s that they’ll do anything on mobile if they have the need. Write long emails? Check. Manage complex sets of information? Check. And the list goes on. If people want to do it, they’ll do it on mobile -especially when it’s their only or most convenient option. —Luke Wroblewski lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1333

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http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats#mobile-only 25% of mobile web users in U.S. never or infrequently access the desktop web.

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Understanding mobile as the primary and sometimes only device… http://www.flickr.com/photos/e4a-2030/5106562313

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is difficult when we spend so much time on our PCs. http://www.flickr.com/photos/goobi/4021009835/

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Even the way we work as teams needs to change.

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http://mashable.com/2012/12/11/responsive-web-design/ Common first approach: Mobile, Tablet, & Desktop Breakpoints

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Resize until the page looks bad then…

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Resize until the page looks bad then… BOOM! you need a breakpoint.

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Major Breakpoint 1 (media query in document head) Major Breakpoint 3 (media query in document head) 320 px to 720 px wide 720 px to 1024 px major breakpoints Example major layout changes 320 720 Major Breakpoint 2 (media query in document head) nothing is here...but that’s ok! (P) = Portrait (L) = Landscape (L*) = Landscape w/ native viewport adaptation < 320 px wide and/or unable to understand further instructions 1024 iPhone (P) many Android (P) many BlackBerry S60 QWERTY Most S60 (L) S40 QWERTY some tablets most NetBooks many Desktops http://www.slideshare.net/yiibu/pragmatic-responsive-design

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Major Breakpoint 3 (media query in document head) iPhone (L*) Android (L*) some Symbian touch (L) some tablets (L) some Symbian touch (L) 640 768 360 720 Major Breakpoint 1 (media query in document head) Major Breakpoint 2 (media query in document head) 720 px to 1024 px 320 px to 720 px wide nothing is here...but that’s ok! 320 minor breakpoints Example Symbian touch (P) (P) = Portrait (L) = Landscape (L*) = Landscape w/ native viewport adaptation iPhone (P) many Android (P) many BlackBerry S60 QWERTY Most S60 (L) S40 QWERTY < 320 px wide and/or unable to understand further instructions iPad (P) some Android tablets (P) Minor Breakpoint (@media) 1024 Minor Breakpoint (@media) Minor Breakpoint (@media) Minor Breakpoint (@media) 480 some tablets most NetBooks many Desktops content-related tweaks http://www.slideshare.net/yiibu/pragmatic-responsive-design

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iPhone (L*) Android (L*) some Symbian touch (L) some tablets (L) Minor Breakpoint (@media) Major Breakpoint 3 (media query in document head) 480 640 768 360 Symbian touch (P) 720 Major Breakpoint 1 (media query in document head) Major Breakpoint 2 (media query in document head) 720 px to 1024 px 320 px to 720 px wide nothing is here...but that’s ok! 320 240 Minor Breakpoint for small devices w/media query support < 320 px wide and/or unable to understand further instructions ...and so on Example some Symbian touch (L) (P) = Portrait (L) = Landscape (L*) = Landscape w/ native viewport adaptation iPad (P) some Android tablets (P) 1024 TVs Minor Breakpoint (@media) Minor Breakpoint (@media) Minor Breakpoint (@media) iPhone (P) many Android (P) many BlackBerry S60 QWERTY Most S60 (L) S40 QWERTY some Android (P) many S40 (P) most S60 (P) some tablets most NetBooks many Desktops http://www.slideshare.net/yiibu/pragmatic-responsive-design

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as you can see, this has the potential to get out of hand... iPhone (L*) Android (L*) some Symbian touch (L) some tablets (L) Minor Breakpoint (@media) some tablets (L) 640 768 360 Symbian touch (P) 720 Major Breakpoint 1 (media query in document head) Major Breakpoint 2 (media query in document head) TVs 720 px to 1024 px 320 px to 720 px wide nothing is here...but that’s ok! 320 240 Minor Breakpoint for small devices w/media query support some Android (P) many S40 (P) most S60 (P) < 320 px wide and/or unable to understand further instructions some Symbian touch (L) iPad (P) some Android tablets (P) Minor Breakpoints (@media) some tablets (L) 1280 800 Minor Breakpoint (@media) 600 some tablets (P) some tablets most NetBooks many Desktops 1366 many laptops Minor Breakpoint (@media) Minor Breakpoint (@media) Minor Breakpoint (@media) Major Breakpoint 3 (media query in document head) iPhone (P) many Android (P) many BlackBerry S60 QWERTY Most S60 (L) S40 QWERTY Minor Breakpoint (@media) 480 1024 http://www.slideshare.net/yiibu/pragmatic-responsive-design

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What’s the point?

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Don’t go chasing waterfalls.

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Don’t go chasing waterfalls.

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Old Waterfall Process http://viljamis.com/blog/2012/responsive-workflow/

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No way to design for every breakpoint in PhotoShop!

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New Responsive Design Process http://viljamis.com/blog/2012/responsive-workflow/

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Older version of Marriott Search Results

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What if this was the design for the small screen version?

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See a challenge making this responsive?

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See a challenge making this responsive?

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See a challenge making this responsive?

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Anyone see a challenge making this responsive? Eventually Flexbox will make this easy. But in the meantime, it requires a lot of DOM manipulation.

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Another example of why design and development need to work closely.

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Tiny Bootstraps, for Every Client Responsive deliverables should look a lot like fully-functioning Twitter Bootstrap- style systems custom tailored for your clients’ needs. These living code samples are self-documenting style guides that extend to accommodate a client’s needs as well as the needs of the ever-evolving multi-device web. —Dave Rupert, Responsive Deliverables http://daverupert.com/2013/04/responsive-deliverables/ “

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http://daverupert.com/2013/04/responsive-deliverables/ Responsive Deliverables

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! download " view on github # view demo pattern lab documentation about resources demo on github pattern lab atoms molecules organisms templates pages create atomic design systems http://patternlab.io

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#1 Iterative processes replace waterfalls. Design and development must work together. No silos. Designing systems of responsive components. #2 #3

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We need to learn to let go.

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/cdm/51747860/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/rheaney/4397863376 It started with TVs.

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Designing for a 10-foot UI is very different. http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisbartow/5835428673

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Larger text and fewer words.

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Make up, down, left, right directions clear. http://images.dailytech.com/nimage/29122_large_amazon_prime_screen_5.jpg

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How do we know what is a TV?

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This is HDTV.

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This is HDTV. 1980 px 1080 px

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Resolution does not define the optimal experience.

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Next came responsive web apps. https://twitter.com/freediverx/status/354698695041744896

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How do I make this existing application responsive?

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mobile desktop THE ART OF WEB DEVELOPMENT THE ART OF WEB DEVELOPMENT Web widgets THE ART OF WEB DEVELOPMENT THE ART OF WEB DEVELOPMENT Mobile widgets

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It’s not that we’re technically incapable, but adapting a phone UI to a tablet UI is not so dissimilar from trying to automatically adapt desktop UI to a phone. They are fundamentally different platforms with different usability considerations, and something that makes sense on phones may or may not belong on tablets. —Todd Anglin, Kendo UI http://www.kendoui.com/blogs/teamblog/posts/12-09-11/universal_mobile_apps_with_html5_and_kendo_ui.aspx

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Sometimes it’s hard to envision a responsive version. http://demos.kendoui.com/web/grid/editing.html

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/jesuspresley/384080245/ We want people to be productive…

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and stay in the zone. http://www.flickr.com/photos/raccatography/8038855203

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/shantellmartin/4543010568 Which seems very different from playing on an iPad.

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For both the TV…

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and the desktop web app…

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input matters much more than screen size.

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The grid is important to support d-pad interaction. http://images.dailytech.com/nimage/29122_large_amazon_prime_screen_5.jpg

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/royalsapien/2387707860

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And keyboard and mouse are what we envision work is. http://www.flickr.com/photos/royalsapien/2387707860

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We’ve started letting go of some of our mistaken assumptions. http://www.flickr.com/photos/paulocarrillo/124755065/

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But there is another consensual hallucination. http://www.flickr.com/photos/garibaldi/303085857/

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= =

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Supports hover and pointer events.

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Keyboard and touch.

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Even the iPhone can have a keyboard.

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Are these laptops or tablets?

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Desktop computer with 23” touch screen

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Luke Wroblewski nailed it. http://static.lukew.com/unified_device_design.png

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We can no longer make assumptions about input based on screen size or form factor. And we probably never should have.

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjagers/4694134078

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What makes desktop different? http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjagers/4694134078

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Hover state No hover state

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Hover state Typing easier for many No hover state Typing often more difficult

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Higher precision with mouse means smaller targets possible Hover state Less precise than mouse and requires larger touch targets Typing easier for many No hover state Typing often more difficult

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Higher precision with mouse means smaller targets possible Hover state Less precise than mouse and requires larger touch targets Typing easier for many No hover state Typing often more difficult Right clicking and “power” tools Single and multi-touch gestures

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/28096801@N05/5012309802

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I got this. Detect touch. http://www.flickr.com/photos/28096801@N05/5012309802

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Whatever you may think, it currently isn't possible to reliably detect whether or not the current device has a touchscreen, from within the browser. —Stu Cox, You Can’t Reliably Detect a Touch Screen http://www.stucox.com/blog/you-cant-detect-a-touchscreen/

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Chrome has entertained idea of enabling touch by default. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=159527 https://docs.google.com/a/cloudfour.com/presentation/d/1-n1qyzewpagREbzW2zm0wOalq33UhbtbSkWf9mEdly8/edit#slide=id.gc2d80e5b_171

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Detect a mouse? Not reliably.

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Surely we can detect a keyboard?

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Surely we can detect a keyboard? NOPE

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Input is dynamic.

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Input is dynamic.

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/lyza/7382235106 Maybe we need to be more zen about input.

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After poking at this problem for a few weeks, my conclusion is: every desktop UI should be designed for touch now. When any desktop machine could have a touch interface, we have to proceed as if they all do. —Josh Clark http://globalmoxie.com/blog/desktop-touch-design.shtml

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http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/ieblog/2011/Sep/20_TouchInputforIE10andMetrostyleApps_1.png http://www.w3.org/TR/pointerevents/ http://blog.webplatform.org/2013/02/pointing-toward-the-future/ New Pointer Events spec normalizes touch and mouse Pointer Events builds on the DOM event model to offer a new way to handle input on the web, enabling developers to build touch-first experiences that work with mouse, pen, and other pointing devices as well…They are also designed from the ground up to allow modern browsers to accelerate the touch-surface performance, leading to a smoother user experience.

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What about those who won’t let go of their “power” interfaces? http://www.flickr.com/photos/ecos/4092571213/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/scarygami/5689980135/ One option: give them a choice.

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Display density settings

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Th Dream Experience - … Uploaded 2 years ago More Of The Dream Exp… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience -… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience … Uploaded 2 years ago The Love King Breaks It… Uploaded 2 years ago War Paint for Trees From Lincoln Motor Company Join Log In Create Watch Upload Search s [ ] – VIDEOS Vimeo Couch Mode

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Couch Mode + See all Centric TV’s videos / Recently viewed / Related videos Th Dream Experience - … Uploaded 2 years ago More Of The Dream Exp… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience -… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience … Uploaded 2 years ago The Love King Breaks It… Uploaded 2 years ago PROMOTED War Paint for Trees From Lincoln Motor Company Join Log In Create Watch Upload Search s [ ] – VIDEOS Vimeo Couch Mode

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Couch Mode + See all Centric TV’s videos / Recently viewed / Related videos Th Dream Experience - … Uploaded 2 years ago More Of The Dream Exp… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience -… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience … Uploaded 2 years ago The Love King Breaks It… Uploaded 2 years ago PROMOTED War Paint for Trees From Lincoln Motor Company Join Log In Create Watch Upload Search s [ ] – VIDEOS Couch Mode + See all Centric TV’s videos / Recently viewed / Related videos Th Dream Experience - … Uploaded 2 years ago More Of The Dream Exp… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience -… Uploaded 2 years ago The Dream Experience … Uploaded 2 years ago The Love King Breaks It… Uploaded 2 years ago PROMOTED War Paint for Trees From Lincoln Motor Company Join Log In Create Watch Upload Search s [ ] – VIDEOS Vimeo Couch Mode

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Vimeo Couch Mode

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The key benefit of this approach: You’re designing for user need not for a specific form factor or input.

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Responsive is the answer. http://www.flickr.com/photos/38208449@N00/7712219364

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We need to be responsive. http://www.flickr.com/photos/cdm/147947664/

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Learn how to let go of the illusions that comfort us. http://www.flickr.com/photos/garibaldi/303085857/

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This is the web as it should be. As it wants to be. The web in its natural state. http://www.flickr.com/photos/25062265@N06/6069101123

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It is what our customers expect. http://www.flickr.com/photos/johanl/6798184016

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If you don’t adapt, then you are ripe for disruption. http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/7521155076/

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Thank You! Special thanks to Luke Wroblewski, Eric Bidelman and Flickr users for generously sharing their photos under creative commons license. Text