Frontmania Utrecht: Whose Web is it, Anyway?

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@brucel §

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@brucel, www.brucelawson.co.uk

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@brucel • Picture of TBL “web developer”

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@brucel Long Live the Web (20th birthday) The world wide web went live, on my physical desktop in Geneva, Switzerland, in December 1990… The simple setup demonstrated a profound concept: that any person could share information with anyone else, anywhere. https://www.scienti fi camerican.com/article/long-live-the-web/

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@brucel The Web evolved into a powerful, ubiquitous tool because it was built on egalitarian principles and because thousands of individuals, universities and companies have worked, both independently and together as part of the World Wide Web Consortium, to expand its capabilities based on those principles … The primary design principle underlying the Web’s usefulness and growth is universality. https://www.scienti fi camerican.com/article/long-live-the-web/

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@brucel WWW not WWW • nice image

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Don’t Panic – The Facts About Population - Gapminder

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mobile data costs the highest average cost is 30,000% more than the cheapest average price https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cost-of-mobile-data-worldwide/

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Android majority median UK speed is 28.51 Mbps, USA is 54.99 Mbps, and Hong Kong is 112.32 Mbps Android %age Download speed (Mbps) Rwanda 80% 0.81 Cambodia 60% 1.29 India 96% 4.09 Indonesia 92% 1.88 Laos 83% 1.99 Philippines 87% 2.05 Thailand 74% 14.90 Vietnam 68% 16.39 Connection speed data: https://www.fastmetrics.com/internet-connection-speed-by-country.php Android stats: statcounter https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/worldwide

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Downloading a typical app with 20 MB APK can take more than 30 minutes on a 2G network, and the download is likely to fail before completion, due to the flaky nature of the network. “ - How we built Facebook Lite for every Android phone and network Facebook Lite

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@brucel The web -and apps- must be for ALL • people with disabilities (whether permanent, temporary or situational) • people on lower-powered devices, constrained networks, expensive data plans.

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@brucel Progressive Web Apps • Web sites ++ • Can save to home screen, open full-screen • Can work o ff l ine (using Service Workers) • Much smaller initial install • Twitter, original Wordle, Starbucks, Uber, Pinterest, Tinder, Spotify and loads more https://web.dev/learn/pwa/

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@brucel https://www.kryogenix.org/farmbound/

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Early progressive web apps in Asia & Africa

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A better, more Webby alternative • Write once, run anywhere • Free! Open Standards! • No gatekeeper, publish what you want • Instant update • No outside interference

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https://2023.stateofjs.com/en-US/features/#browser_api_features

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iOS Home Screen Web Apps “progressive web applications” (PWAs) … eliminate the need to download a developer’s app through the App Store (or other means) at all. PWAs are increasingly available for and through mobile- based browsers and devices, including on iOS. PWAs are apps that are built using common web technology like HTML 5, but have the look, feel and functionality of a native app. Apple submission to Australian regulator

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Smart App Banners "Smart App Banners vastly improve users’ browsing experience compared to other promotional methods. In iOS, Smart App Banners provide a consistent look and feel that users come to recognize." https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit/promoting_apps_with_smart_app_banners

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@brucel

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@brucel APIs not in iOS browsers https://tomayac.github.io/pwa-feature-detector/

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@brucel Rule 2.5.6 Apps that browse the web must use the appropriate WebKit framework and WebKit Javascript. https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines/#software-requirements

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@brucel The illusion of competition

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@brucel

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@brucel open-web-advocacy.org

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@brucel Independent employee-owned browser based in Oslo, Norway.

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel Browsers are powered by an ‘engine,’ which is fundamental to browser performance.… Apple bans alternatives to its own browser engine on its mobile devices; a restriction that is unique to Apple. This restriction also seriously inhibits the capability of web apps – apps that run on a browser rather than having to be individually downloaded – depriving consumers and businesses of the full bene fi ts of this innovative technology. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-plans-market-investigation-into-mobile-browsers-and-cloud-gaming

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/ fi les/document/print/en/ip_23_4328/IP_23_4328_EN.pdf

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@brucel https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/01/apple-announces-changes-to-ios-safari-and-the-app-store-in-the-european-union/

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@brucel DMA enforcement approaches! • https://developer.apple.com/support/dma-and-apps-in- the-eu#8 https://developer.apple.com/support/dma-and-apps-in-the-eu#8 (NB: now updated)

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@brucel Web Push noti fi cations https://webkit.org/blog/13878/web-push-for-web-apps-on-ios-and-ipados/

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@brucel Badging API https://webkit.org/blog/14112/badging-for-home-screen-web-apps/

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@brucel Storage Home Screen Web apps ran in a di ff erent isolated context than regular in-tab Web apps. This means that if you were logged in to a Web app from the Home Screen, you need to log in again in the browser tab, and all previously stored data is gone. This includes any data stored in: • IndexedDB • LocalStorage • Media keys • SessionStorage • Service Worker registrations and cache • Origin private fi le system Home Screen Web apps were exempt from Safari's 7-Day Cap on All Script-Writeable Storage, but now they aren't anymore. Unless you use a Web app regularly enough, its data will be evicted from storage. https://blog.tomayac.com/2024/02/28/so-what-exactly-did-apple-break-in-the-eu/

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https://infrequently.org/2024/02/home-screen-advantage/

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@brucel https://letter.open-web-advocacy.org/

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In eight countries, we operate around 900 shops, more than 24,200 depots in retail and national online shops … With 11,318 employees worldwide, we generated sales of EUR 3.25 billion in 2022. We are a roasted coffee market leader in Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic and Hungary and are among the leading e-commerce companies in Europe. https://www.tchibo.com/

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the European Commission says in a statement to The Verge provided by spokesperson Lea Zuber. “…we’re in particular looking into the issue of progressive web apps, and can confirm sending the requests for information to Apple and to app developers, who can provide useful information for our assessment.” https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/26/24083511/apple-eu-investigation-web-app-support

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https://developer.apple.com/support/dma-and-apps-in-the-eu#8

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https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/ios/build_instructions.md

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` https://www.ft.com/content/6e33cacc-3f92-43f2-a1ad-ca860fb553f0

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What happens next?

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@brucel

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@brucel Big teeth from March 2024 If a gatekeeper violates the rules laid down in the legislation, it risks a fi ne of up to 10% of its total worldwide turnover. For a repeat o ff ence, a fi ne of up to 20% of its worldwide turnover may be imposed.

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@brucel There is still a dif fi cult fi ght ahead Apple has a legal budget of over $1 billion USD annually. “work out how to get closer to a particular risk but be prepared to manage it it it does go nuclear, ... steer the ship as close as you can to that line because that's where the competitive advantage occurs. Apple had to pay a large fi ne, Tim [Cook]’s reaction was that's the right choice, don't let that scare you, I don't want you to stop pushing the envelope.’ Bruce Sewell - Former Apple General Council

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@brucel Apple employees are very sad :-(

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@brucel Set Safari free!

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@brucel https://openclipart.org/detail/17160/la-lutte-continue

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@brucel https://open-web-advocacy.org/blog/google-must-share-the-ability-to-install-web-apps-in-android/

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@brucel https://www.reuters.com/technology/rival-browsers-allege-microsofts-practices-edge-unfair-should-be-subject-eu-tech-2024-10-03/

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@brucel

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@brucel • Consider making a Progressive Web App next time, for cross- device joy, tasty HTML semantic goodness (h1 - h6!) and accessibility. • Follow and support Open Web Advocacy. • When regulators ask for information, tell them. Your voices will be heard. • Use an independent, European browser (contains devtools!)

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@brucel, www.brucelawson.co.uk

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@brucel

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@brucel • [image of a crowd of people - terrible stock photo?]

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel

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@brucel Why should you care? Because the Web is yours. It is a public resource on which you, your business, your community and your government depend… We create the Web. https://www.scienti fi camerican.com/article/long-live-the-web/ CERN

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THANKS ’N’ SNOGS! brucelawson.co.uk * Other Bruce Lawsons are available. ** known to cause nausea in some jurisdictions.

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#FrontMania Thanks for your attention

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Further reading? • Open Letter to Tim Cook, Sabotaging Web Apps Is Indefensible - the letter, 26 Feb • So, what exactly did Apple break in the EU? - Thomas Steiner, factual list 28 Feb • Home Screen Advantage - Decoding Apple's Ploy To Scuttle Progressive Web Apps - Alex Russell, 25 Feb • Apple makes it official: No Home Screen web apps in European Union “iBiz expresses regret for the impact of its entirely avoidable decision”, The Register, 16 Feb • OWA’s Review of Apple’s DMA Compliance Proposal for the Web - OWA, 29 Jan