モデルとはなにか / what is model?

by Hiromi Hishida

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UI'FC JO1)1$POGFSFODF,BOTBJ CZ!XFC Ϟσϧͱ͸ͳʹ͔

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w 1)1FSྺ೥ w ೥ʙ೥ϑϦʔϥϯε։ൃऀ w ೥ࣗࣾαʔϏεاۀʹब৬ w స৬ΛܦͯɺݱࡏʢגʣϦϯέʔ δΤϯδχΞ w #UP#UP&༧๷ҩྍϓϩμΫτΛ࡞ͬ ͍ͯ·͢ w ೔ຊ4ZNGPOZϢʔβʔձ /BHPZBQIQ XFCʢͳͳ͏͐Ϳʣ ঁੑͷ݈߁՝୊αϙʔτ '&.$-& ͔͔Γ͚ͭอ݈ࢣGPS-*/&

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Ϟσϧ

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Ϟσϧ

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-BSBWFMͷ&MPRVFOUͷ.PEFM w ΠϯελϯεͭʹσʔλϕʔεͷϨίʔυͭ w ͍ΘΏΔ"DUJWF3FDPSEύλʔϯΛ࣮૷

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ࠓ೔࿩͢Ϟσϧ

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Ϟσϧ

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Ϟσϧ w ϑΝογϣϯϒϥϯυͷ෰΍άοζΛ͔ ͬ͜Α͘਎ʹண͚ͯಈ͍ͯݟͤΔ͜ͱ ͰɺͦͷϒϥϯυͷΠϝʔδΛ࡞Δ໾ׂ Ͱ͢ɻ

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Ϟσϧ w ໛ܕ

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Ϟσϧʢ໛ܕʣʹ͢ΔͱԿ͕خ͍͠ͷ͔ʁ w ݱ࣮ʹଘࡏ͢Δ΋ͷΛͳʹ͔ͷ໨తͷͨΊʹ໛ܕʹ͍ͯ͠Δ

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ʢݱ࣮ͷ৯඼ͷϞσϧʣ w ࣮෺ΑΓ௕࣋ͪ͢Δ w ෗Βͳ͍ w ࣮෺ΑΓ৭઱΍͔ʹͰ͖Δ w མͱͯ͠΋࢖͑ͳ͘ͳΒͳ͍ w େ఍ͷ৯඼͸མͱͯ͠ԚΕͨ Β΋͏৯΂ΒΕͳ͍ʢ࢖͑ͳ ͍ʣͷͰ ྫ৯඼αϯϓϧ IUUQTUXJUUFSDPN*8"4",*@4".1-&TUBUVT

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ʢݱ࣮ͷ֗ͷϞσϧʣ w ࣮෺ΑΓখ͘͞Ͱ͖Δ w ࣮෺ͱҟͳΓɺਅ্͔ΒݟͨΓ ճͨ͠ΓͰ͖Δ ྫ஍ਤ

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Ϟσϧʢ໛ܕʣʹ͢ΔͱԿ͕خ͍͠ͷ͔ʁ w ࣮෺ΑΓ௕࣋ͪ͢Δ w ࣮෺ΑΓ৭઱΍͔ʹͰ͖ΔˠσϑΥϧϝͰ͖Δ w ࣮෺ͱҟͳΓɺམͱͯ͠΋ഁյ͞Εͳ͍ˠࡶʹѻ͑Δ w ࣮෺ΑΓখ͘͞Ͱ͖Δ w ࣮෺ͱҟͳΓɺਅ্͔ΒݟͨΓճͨ͠ΓͰ͖Δˠࢹ఺Λม͑ΒΕΔ

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Ϟσϧʹ͢ΔͱԿ͕خ͍͠ͷ͔ʁ w Ϟσϧʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΑΓগͳ͍ࢿݯͰ༻్Λຬͨ͢ w Ϟσϧʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΑΓগͳ͍ࢿݯͰࢼߦࡨޡͰ͖Δ

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ݱ࣮ͷ΋ͷΛϞσϧʹ͢Δͱ͖ɺԿΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ʁ

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ʢݱ࣮ͷंͷϞσϧʣ w ܗ͸͍͍ͩͨಉ͡ w ৭͸͍͍ͩͨಉ͡ w খͯ͘͞͠Δ w ॏ͞͸͍ܰ w ਓؒ͸৐Εͳ͍ʢখ͍͔͞Βʣ w Τϯδϯ͕͍ͭͯͳ͍ͷͰ૸Εͳ͍ w νϣϩ2λΠϓ͸ಈ࡞ݪཧ͸ҧ͏͕૸ΕΔ w ࢠڙ͕खͰӡಈΤωϧΪʔΛ༩͑Ε͹૸Ε Δ ྫϛχΧʔ

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ݱ࣮ͷ΋ͷΛϞσϧʹ͢Δͱ͖ɺԿΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ʁ w ݱ࣮ͷࡉ෦͔Βɺ໨తͱؔ܎ͳ͍ಛ௃Λ࡟͍ͬͯΔ

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Ϟσϧͱ͸ʁ w ΑΓগͳ͍ࢿݯͰ༻్Λຬͨͨ͠Γࢼߦࡨޡ͢ΔͨΊʹɺݱ࣮ͷࡉ෦͔Βෆ ཁͳ΋ͷΛ࡟ͬͯ࡞ͬͨ໛ܕ

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1)1FS͕։ൃʹ࢖͏Ϟσϧ

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ʢݱ࣮ͷه࿥ͷϞσϧʣ w ແݶʹ૿΍ͤΔʢ࣮ࡍʹ͸ແݶ Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ʣ w ه࿥Λϛεͬͯ΋ిྗ͙Β͍͠ ͔࿘අͤͣʹగਖ਼Ͱ͖Δ ྫσʔλϕʔε IUUQTLBLBLVNBHDPNIPVTFXBSF JE

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1)1FS͕։ൃʹ࢖͏Ϟσϧ w ։ൃΛศརʹ͢ΔͨΊʹɺݱ࣮ͷࡉ෦͔Βෆཁͳ΋ͷΛ࡟ͬͯ࡞Δ֓೦తͳ ໛ܕ

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-BSBWFMͷ"DUJWF3FDPSEύλʔϯͷ.PEFM ʢ͓ͦΒ͘1)1FSʹ΋ͬͱ΋ೃછΈ͕͋ΔϞσϧʣ w ݱ࣮ʢʁʣͷ3%#ͷVTFSTςʔϒϧ w JOTFSUͰ͖Δ w VQEBUFͰ͖Δ w EFMFUFͰ͖Δ w TFMFDUͰ͖Δ w GPSFJHOLFZΛ࣋ͯΔ w JOEFYΛ࣋ͯΔ w ओΩʔΛ࣋ͯΔ w ෳ߹ओΩʔΛ࣋ͯΔˠগͳ͘ͱ΋&MPRVFOUͰ͸ࣺͯΒΕ͍ͯΔ

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"DUJWF3FDPSEύλʔϯҎ֎ͷ.PEFM ʢ&MPRVFOUͷ.PEFM͚͕ͩ։ൃͷͨΊͷϞσϧͰ͸ͳ͍ʣ w γεςϜΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ͱࢥ͏ͱ͖ɺݱ࣮ͷ͋ΒΏΔܭࢉ΍ۀ຿͕։ൃͷͨΊͷϞσϧʹͳΓ͏Δ w ৽װઢͷӡ௞ܭࢉϞσϧ w ফඅ੫ͷܭࢉϞσϧ w ૹྉͷܭࢉϞσϧ w ݩ߸ͷ൑ఆϞσϧ w ೥ྸͷܭࢉϞσϧ w Ψνϟͷ֬཰Ϟσϧ w ͳͲͳͲ

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͋ͳͨͷγεςϜ͸ԿΛϞσϧͱ͍ͯ࣋ͬͯ͠·͔͢ʁ

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͋ͳͨͷγεςϜ͸ԿΛϞσϧͱ͍ͯ࣋ͬͯ͠·͔͢ʁ w .7$ͷ.ͬͯͳΜ͚ͩͬ w 5IFNPEFMPCKFDUUBMLTUPUIFEBUBTPVSDFBOEEPFTFWFSZUIJOH JOEJDBUFECZUIFSFRVFTUBTXFMMBTHBUIFSJOGPSNBUJPOGPSUIF SFTQPOTF'PXMFS .ଞ 1BUUFSOTPG&OUFSQSJTF"QQMJDBUJPO "SDIJUFDUVSF

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