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Android Performance Tips Romain Guy Chet Haase google.com/+RomainGuy google.com/+ChetHaase @romainguy @chethaase

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Performance Improvements

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Lazy Measurement • Introduced in Android 4.4 - targetSdkVersion must be >= 19 • Views cache measured dimensions - Prior to 4.4 only the last measure was cached - In 4.4 all measures are cached until next requestLayout() • Can greatly reduce calls to onMeasure()

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) onMeasure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) setDimensions(w1, h1) onMeasure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) setDimensions(w2, h2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View requestLayout()

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) cached measure: (wSpec1, hSpec1) → (w1, h1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) setDimensions(w1, h1) cached measure: (wSpec1, hSpec1) → (w1, h1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Before 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) setDimensions(w2, h2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Single measure cache • Works great in common cases • Breaks with multi-pass layouts - LinearLayout and weight - RelativeLayout - Custom layouts

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) onMeasure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) setDimensions(w1, h1) onMeasure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) setDimensions(w2, h2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec3, hSpec3) onMeasure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec3, hSpec3) setDimensions(w3, h3) onMeasure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec4, hSpec4)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec4, hSpec4) onMeasure(wSpec4, hSpec4)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec4, hSpec4) setDimensions(w4, h4) onMeasure(wSpec4, hSpec4)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View requestLayout()

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) cached measure: (wSpec3, hSpec3) → (w3, h3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) onMeasure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layout ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) setDimensions(w1, h1) onMeasure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Multi-pass layouts • Siblings can cause extra onMeasure() calls • Nested multi-pass layouts can wreck havoc - A leaf View calling requestLayout() can relayout the entire tree! • Solution < 4.4 - Avoid multi-pass layouts - Use fewer Views • Solution >= 4.4 - Framework caches multiple measure pairs - Cache is cleared on requestLayout()

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) onMeasure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) setDimensions(w1, h1) onMeasure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec2, hSpec2) setDimensions(w2, h2) onMeasure(wSpec2, hSpec2)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec3, hSpec3) onMeasure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec3, hSpec3) setDimensions(w3, h3) onMeasure(wSpec3, hSpec3)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec4, hSpec4)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec4, hSpec4) onMeasure(wSpec4, hSpec4)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec4, hSpec4) setDimensions(w4, h4) onMeasure(wSpec4, hSpec4)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View requestLayout()

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) cached measures: (wSpec3, hSpec3) → (w3, h3) (wSpec1, hSpec1) → (w1, h1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf With 4.4 ViewGroup View View measure(wSpec1, hSpec1) setDimensions(w1, h1) cached measures: (wSpec3, hSpec3) → (w3, h3) (wSpec1, hSpec1) → (w1, h1)

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Example RelativeLayout LinearLayout LinearLayout RelativeLayout Button TextView TextView TextView TextView RelativeLayout TextView TextView TextView

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Example RelativeLayout LinearLayout LinearLayout RelativeLayout Button TextView TextView TextView TextView RelativeLayout TextView TextView TextView requestLayout()

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Results targetSdk 18 19 measure time measure count

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Results targetSdk 18 19 measure time measure count 6.5ms 72

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Results targetSdk 18 19 measure time measure count 6.5ms 0.7ms 72 14

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf DisplayList Reordering and Merging • Batches similar commands • Minimizes state changes • Minimizes GL operations

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Save Cancel Maximize compatibility Include metadata

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No content

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Include metadata Maximize compatibility Cancel Save Order of drawing commands

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Include metadata Maximize compatibility Cancel Save 1. Re-ordering

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Include metadata Maximize compatibility Cancel Save 2. Merging

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Without reordering & merging 48 draw calls

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Without reordering & merging 48 draw calls With reordering & merging 18 draw calls

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Without reordering & merging 576 OpenGL driver calls

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Without reordering & merging 576 OpenGL driver calls With reordering & merging 216 OpenGL driver calls

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Asset Atlas

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps Overdraw Window Background 1x

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps Overdraw Container Background 2x

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps Overdraw Button Button 2.1x Views

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps Overdraw

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps Overdraw Window Background 0x

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps Overdraw Container Background 1x

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw Removal • Detects coverage, areas hidden by opaque elements • Avoids drawing them • Eliminates some common overdraw situations • But you should still avoid it in your apps Overdraw Button Button 1.1x Views

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Bitmap Reuse • Reuse in 3.0 required Bitmaps of same size/configuration • Bitmaps can now be reconfigured/resized - Can create scratch buffer and load smaller bitmaps into it

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Performance Tools

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Non-Rectangular Clipping Detection

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Overdraw debug

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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procstats: UI

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procstats: command line $ adb shell dumpsys procstats com.google.android.apps.maps COMMITTED STATS FROM 2013-11-05-18-04-58: * com.google.android.apps.maps / u0a60: TOTAL: 1.1% Service: 1.1% (Cached): 99% (98MB-98MB-99MB/96MB-97MB-97MB over 7) Run time Stats: Screen Off / Norm / +1h19m25s22ms Screen On / Norm / +10m43s963ms TOTAL: +1h30m8s985ms Start time: 2013-11-05 18:04:58 Total elapsed time: +5h9m53s44ms (complete) libdvm.so chromeview

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf GL Tracer

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Systrace • Introduced in Jellybean 4.1 • Recent improvements - More framework tags - More categories - Easier to launch - App-level tags

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Systrace • Introduced in Jellybean 4.1 • Recent improvements - More framework tags - More categories - Easier to launch - App-level tags Trace.beginSection("someLabel"); // stuff Trace.endSection();

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Android Studio System Information

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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Performance Tips

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Bitmap Reuse mBitmapCache = Bitmap.createBitmap(500, 500, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); mBitmapOptions.inBitmap = mBitmapCache; mBitmapOptions.inSampleSize = 1; Bitmap newBitmap; if (mCheckBox.isChecked()) { newBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource( getResources(), images[index], mBitmapOptions); } else { newBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource( getResources(), images[index]); } mImageView.setImageBitmap(newBitmap);

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Atlas • Popular in games, on web sites, etc… - Also called “sprite sheets“ • Can increase performance - Reduce number of OpenGL driver calls - Reduce number of GPU state changes - Better merging of draw calls

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Atlas example 10 photos Drawn column by column

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Atlas source

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Loading the atlas 1/4 • res/raw/atlas.txt • Format: atlas_name ImageName,left,top,right,bottom ImageName,left,top,right,bottom ImageName,left,top,right,bottom

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Loading the atlas 2/4 atlas Mountain,1,1,301,201 Gecko,302,1,602,201 Seahorse,603,1,903,201 Camera,904,1,1204,201 Fish,1205,1,1505,201 Plasma,1,202,301,402 Grass,302,202,602,402 Photographer,603,202,903,402 Lights,904,202,1204,402 Flower,1205,202,1505,402

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Loading the atlas 3/4 String line = reader.readLine(); Resources res = getContext().getResources(); int atlasId = res.getIdentifier(line, "drawable", getContext().getPackageName()); mAtlas = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, atlasId);

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Loading the atlas 3/4 String line = reader.readLine(); Resources res = getContext().getResources(); int atlasId = res.getIdentifier(line, "drawable", getContext().getPackageName()); mAtlas = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, atlasId);

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Loading the atlas 3/4 String line = reader.readLine(); Resources res = getContext().getResources(); int atlasId = res.getIdentifier(line, "drawable", getContext().getPackageName()); mAtlas = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, atlasId);

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Loading the atlas 4/4 static class Entry { String name; final Rect src = new Rect(); } while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { String[] fields = line.split(","); Entry entry = new Entry(); entry.name = fields[0]; entry.src.set(parseInt(fields[1]), parseInt(fields[2]), parseInt(fields[3]), parseInt(fields[4])); mEntries.add(entry); }

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Drawing the atlas protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { final int count = mEntries.size(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { Entry entry = mEntries.get(i); int x = computeX(entry); int y = computeY(entry); mDst.set(x, y, x + entry.src.width(), y + entry.src.height()); canvas.drawBitmap(mAtlas, entry.src, mDst, null); } }

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Drawing the atlas protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { final int count = mEntries.size(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { Entry entry = mEntries.get(i); int x = computeX(entry); int y = computeY(entry); mDst.set(x, y, x + entry.src.width(), y + entry.src.height()); canvas.drawBitmap(mAtlas, entry.src, mDst, null); } }

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Drawing the atlas protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { final int count = mEntries.size(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { Entry entry = mEntries.get(i); int x = computeX(entry); int y = computeY(entry); mDst.set(x, y, x + entry.src.width(), y + entry.src.height()); canvas.drawBitmap(mAtlas, entry.src, mDst, null); } }

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Atlas tips 1/2 • 1px transparent border around entries - Allows proper bilinear filtering - For scaling, rotation, perspective, etc. • Watch out for max texture size - Especially at xxhdpi - 2048x2048 is common - 4096x4096 on recent devices

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Atlas tips 2/2 • Disable blending for opaque entries • Use a Paint with the SRC blend mode - mPaint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC)) • Store this information in atlas file - Name,left,top,right,bottom,1 // 1=opaque, 0= transparent

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Layout • Don’t use multi-pass layouts at the top of the tree - Very expensive • LinearLayout is multi-pass… sometimes - For children with a layout_weight • RelativeLayout is always multi-pass

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Tips for LinearLayout • Vertical layouts - Set height to 0dp for children with a weight • Horizontal layouts - Set width to 0dp for children with a weight - And set baselineAligned=”false” on LinearLayout • These tips don’t always apply

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Tips for RelativeLayout • Don’t use it

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Tips for RelativeLayout • Alright you can use it • But be careful

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Non-Rectangular Clipping 59 @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { // Keep the jellybeans canvas.clipRect(l, t, r, b); // Rotate the jar canvas.rotate(-30.0f, pX, pY); // Draw the jar canvas.drawBitmap(mJellyBeans, x, y, null); }

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1. Clip 60

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2. Rotate 60

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3. Draw 60

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61 @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { // Rotate the jar canvas.rotate(-30.0f, pX, pY); // Keep the jellybeans canvas.clipRect(l, t, r, b); // Draw the jar canvas.drawBitmap(mJellyBeans, x, y, null); }

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1. Rotate 62

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2. Clip 62

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3. Draw 62

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Stencil buffer 63

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Stencil buffer 63

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Don’t Update Layers • Avoid invalidating layered views/containers - Don’t change view or child views, remove children, add children, ... view.setLayerType(View.LATER_TYPE_HARDWARE, null); // run animation view.setLayerType(View.LAYER_TYPE_NONE, null); // or view.animate().alpha(0).withLayer();

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Using the Tools

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf Systrace • Overall system performance

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#DV13 #AndroidPerf For More Information • Google I/O talks • Parleys.com talks • Devbytes on YouTube Chet graphics-geek.blogspot.com google.com/+ChetHaase @chethaase Romain: curious-creature.org google.com/+RomainGuy @romainguy