Web3 と「所有」の行方 / Web3 and the Future of Ownership

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Ownership based on scarcity and exclusion? — image generated by Stable Diffusion Web3 Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.1/27

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( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Ofﬁcer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 VR 2022.3 VR 2022.8 → ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.2/27

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Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.3/27

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ެ։୆ா ެ։Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ʜ ຊਓ ɾૹۚه࿥ ɾίʔυ ɾσʔλͷมԽ ɾ࣮ߦϩά ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ ͜Εɺ ه࿥͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ ͋ͳͨ͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ͜ͷ಺༰͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͖׵͑·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ ͠·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ফ͠·͠ΐ͏ %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ ๦֐ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏ Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.4/27

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( ) = = : . . . ( : ) ( ) . . . . . . . . . Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.5/27

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⇒ ( ) . . . . . . ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.6/27

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߹ҙ͞Εͨਖ਼࢙ ϩʔΧϧʹෳ੡Λҡ࣋ ϒϩοΫ ҉߸ֶతμΠδΣετ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷҡ࣋ࢀՃऀ͕ϩʔΧϧʹ؅ཧ͢Δσʔλۭؒ ࣌ؒ ΑΓ৽͍͠ه࿥ τϥϯβΫγϣϯ ΦϒδΣΫτͷੜ੒ ·ͨ͸ϝοηʔδ ܨ͙ͨΊʹ͸ίετ͕͔͔Δ ΦϒδΣΫτ τʔΫϯγεςϜ౳ ঢ়ଶભҠ ɹ ঢ় ଶ ม Խ ͷ ࢦ ࣔ ޱ࠲࢒ߴ౳ ɹͷঢ়ଶ ঢ়ଶ` ϝ ỽ η ồ δ DAG(Directed Acyclic Graph; ) ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.7/27

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DeFi ( ) DeFi : Decentralized Finace (DEX) : (1 ) (2021-11-17) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.8/27

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NFT ( ) NFT : Non-Fungible Token ( ) (1 ) → fungible token (1 ) → NFT Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.9/27

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NFT ( ) (NFT ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.10/27

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ERC-721 ERC (Ethereum Request for Comments) 721 (721 ) https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-721.md interface ERC721 { function balanceOf(address _owner) external view returns (uint256); function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address); function safeTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId, . . . ) external payable; : } interface ERC721TokenReceiver { function onERC721Received( .. . , uint256 _tokenId, . . . ) external returns(bytes4); } interface ERC721Metadata { function name() external view returns (string _name); function symbol() external view returns (string _symbol); function tokenURI(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (string); } tokenURI URL ( ) ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.11/27

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NFT ( ) τʔΫϯ *% ൪߸ 63* ΞυϨε 63* /'5 Ұҙ Ұҙʁ Ұҙʁ Ұҙʁ Ұҙ ࣄ্࣮Ұҙ ϝλσʔλ ίϯτϥΫτͱ͍͏ఆٛҬ ˞ͦͷίϯτϥΫτͱ͍͏ఆٛҬͷதͰ ɹ࣮ઢ໼ҹͰࣔͨ͠ҰҙੑΛอূ͢Δʹա͗ͳ͍ ˞ഁઢ໼ҹͰࣔͨ͠Ұҙੑ͸ɺ࣮૷ɾӡ༻ͷ޻෉࣍ୈͰอূͰ͖Δɻ ɹྫ͑͹ɺ63- ͕ͦΕ͕ࢦ͢Ϧιʔεͷ҉߸ֶతμΠδΣετΛؚΉ ɹ ྫ *1'4 ͷར༻ ͜ͱͰʮ63*ˠσʔλʯͷҰҙੑΛอͯΔɻ ˞63* 6OJGPSN3FTPVSDF*EFOUJpFS౷Ұࢿݯࣝผࢠ ͱͯ͠͸ ɹ63- 6OJGPSN3FTPVSDF-PDBUPS౷ҰࢿݯҐஔࢦఆࢠ ͕Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔɻ ର৅σʔλ ը૾౳ ॴ༗ऀ ϝλσʔλ 63* ର৅σʔλ 63* ൿີ伴 Ұҙ Ұҙʁ Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.12/27

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NFT NFT URL Marlinspike, M.: My ﬁrst impressions of web3 (2022) Web3 . . . URL ↑ NFT → → NFT NFT ↔ →NFT Lazy Minting NFT ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.13/27

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NFT < , ID> ERC-721 ← OK NFT . . . ID → ID NFT NFT URL . . . URL . . . →NFT Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.14/27

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NFT NFT . . . NFT ( ) ↑ ID . . . Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.15/27

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NFT : ERC-721 NFT NFT (ID) NFT → URI NFT ( NFT ) (ID) (URI) → NFT ( ) URI → ( ) → ( ) NFT NFT NFT Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.16/27

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Web3 Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.17/27

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Web 1-2-3 ͍ΘΏΔ 8FC 8FC 888ਖ਼࢙తͳྲྀΕ ۚ༥͸ແؔ܎ Ϣʔβࣗ਎͕σʔλͷੜ࢈ऀʹ ͪΐͬͱ ࿩͕ζϨΔ ͔ͳΓ ࿩͕ζϨΔ ࢭ༲ 8FC ˠXFC 8FC Ϣʔβࣗ਎ͱ ެӹͷͨΊʹ σʔλ͸ࣗ༝ʹ ׆༻Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ͔ʁ σʔλΛΦϨͨͪͷ खʹऔΓ໭ͤʂ ૊৫ʹ ؅ཧͤ͞Δͳ ͢΂ͯͷ໰୊͸ ͢΂ͯΛ ۚ༥τʔΫϯԽͯ͠ ղܾ͠Ζ #FSOFST-FF ͷ #FSOFST-FF ͷ 0` 3FJMMZ ͷ 8PPE ͷ #JUDPJO &UIFSFVN Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.18/27

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Web3 (1/3) Web 1.0 (Berners-Lee, 1989) : World Wide Web ( ) Web 2.0 (O’Reilly, 2005) : → ⇑ Web 3.0 web3 Web 3.0 (Berners-Lee, 2006) : Web ( ) → Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.19/27

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Web3 (2/3) Web 3.0 (Wood, 2014) → web3 : 4 (1) (Ethereum ) (2) ( ) (Ethereum ) (3) ( ) (Ethereum ) · ( (1) ) (4) (web Ethereum ) (4) {Javascript|Python} web3.{js|py} (2014∼) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.20/27

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Web3 (3/3) . . . Web3 — Olga Kharif, “What You Need to Know About Web3, Crypto’s Attempt to Reinvent the Internet”, Bloomberg (2021) ( ) ( ) → ( ) ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.21/27

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DAO ( ) DAO : Decentralized Autonomous Organization Vitalik Buterin (Ethereum ) https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/05/06/daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide/ (1) (2) ( ) (3) DAO . . . / Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.22/27

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DAO (1) ( ) (2) (3) . . . (a) ( ) (b) ( ) https://medium.com/coinmonks/beanstalk-exploit-a-simpliﬁed-post-mortem-analysis-92e6cdb17ace Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.23/27

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MakerDAO https://docs.makerdao.com/smart-contract-modules/governance-module plot ( ) drop ( ) plot eta ( ) exec ( ) https://github.com/dapphub/ds-chief/blob/master/src/chief.sol https://github.com/dapphub/ds-auth/blob/master/src/auth.sol https://github.com/dapphub/ds-pause/blob/master/src/pause.sol Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.24/27

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V.Buterin ಺෦ࢿຊˢ͋Δ ɹɹɹɹˣͳ͍ தԝʹࣗಈ ɹɹɹɹɹWT ɹɹɹɹɹɹதԝʹਓؒ ׬શͳ "* σʔϞϯ ϑΥʔϥϜ XFC αʔϏε ϩϘοτΛ࢖໾ %"0 %"QQ ݹయత૊৫ ɹɹɹɹɹपԑʹਓؒ ɹɹɹɹWT पԑʹࣗಈ . . . ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.25/27

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Web3 : ( ) ( ) DeFi DeFi Web3 DAO SF · Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.26/27

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Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.27/27