the life-changing magic of tidying up activerecord allocations @schneems

@schneems

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@calebthompson

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!"#$#%#& perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

!"#$#%#& !"#$#%#& !"#$#%#& !"#$#%#& !"#$#%#& perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

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Quiz Time

require 'benchmark/ips' def compare_max(a, b) return a if a > b b end def allocate_max(a, b) array = [a, b] array.max end Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("allocate_max") { allocate_max(1, 2) } x.report("compare_max ") { compare_max(1, 2) } x.compare! end

b end def allocate_max(a, b) array = [a, b] array.max end

require 'benchmark/ips' def compare_max(a, b) return a if a > b b end

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require 'benchmark/ips' def compare_max(a, b) return a if a > b b end def allocate_max(a, b) array = [a, b] array.max end Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("allocate_max") { allocate_max(1, 2) } x.report("compare_max ") { compare_max(1, 2) } x.compare! end

Warming up -------------------------------------- allocate_max 270.687k i/100ms compare_max 344.540k i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- allocate_max 7.006M (±11.7%) i/s - 34.648M in 5.059666s compare_max 14.862M (± 7.2%) i/s - 74.076M in 5.014624s Comparison: compare_max : 14861805.8 i/s allocate_max: 7005910.5 i/s - 2.12x slower

malloc is slow

✂

first, last = Thing.call(input)

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Bytes allocated is more important than object count in Ruby

Bytes allocated is more important than object count in Ruby (IMHO)

Fewer bytes allocated Performance improvement ≈

Bytes reduced is a consistent metric

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$gem install memory_profiler

$gem install derailed_benchmarks

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In

$derailed exec perf:objects

allocated memory by gem ----------------------------------- 227058 activesupport/lib 134366 codetriage/app 95343 activerecord/lib 66406 actionview/lib 63145 activemodel/lib 56437 actionpack/lib 34987 rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0 12120 will_paginate-3.1.0 10659 rack-2.0.5 9360 logger 8000 warden-1.2.7 4608 hashie-3.5.7 3321 devise-fc9aa974ece8 2232 uri 1680 sprockets-rails-3.2.1 1231 railties/lib 1006 raven-ruby-21669e97ee70 903 securerandom 872 base64 864 i18n-0.9.5 735 json 664 omniauth-1.8.1 528 temple-0.8.0 464 concurrent-ruby-1.0.5 432 delegate 400 scout_apm-2.4.16 352 set 168 monitor 40 openssl allocated memory by file

30 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb:267 29 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/hashie-3.5.7/lib/hashie/mash.rb:316 29 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb:146 27 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-2.0.5/lib/rack/utils.rb:469 26 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb:205 25 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:49 24 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:526 22 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/log_subscriber.rb:60 21 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/bundler/gems/devise-fc9aa974ece8/lib/devise/controllers/helpers.rb: 126 allocated objects by class ----------------------------------- 2507 String 2223 Array 628 Hash 174 Time 100 ActiveModel::Attribute::FromDatabase 89 MatchData 50 ActiveModel::AttributeSet 50 ActiveModel::LazyAttributeHash 50 Repo 43 Proc 42 ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer 15 ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event 12 ActiveRecord::Relation 12 Rational 11 ActionDispatch::Request 10 ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding::JSONGemEncoder::EscapedString 10 Enumerator 9 ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess 9 Class 8 ActionView::PartialRenderer 7 Arel::Attributes::Attribute 6 OpenSSL::Cipher

allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 126489 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb 49448 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/_app.html.slim 49328 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/application.html.slim 36097 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb 25096 …/code/codetriage/app/views/pages/_repos_with_pagination.html.slim 24432 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb 23526 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/patches/db/pg.rb 21912 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb 18000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set/builder.rb 15888 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/result.rb 14610 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb 11109 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/mini_profiler/storage/file_store.rb 9824 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/caching/fragments.rb 9360 …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/logger.rb 8440 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb 8304 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb 8160 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb 8000 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb 7880 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/log_subscriber.rb 7478 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/tag_helper.rb 7096 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb 7024 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/warden-1.2.7/lib/warden/proxy.rb 6912 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb 6512 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb 5680 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb 5600 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/persistence.rb 4971 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-2.0.5/lib/rack/utils.rb 4896 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb 4760 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb 4608 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/hashie-3.5.7/lib/hashie/mash.rb 4558 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb 4415 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb

$ALLOW_FILES=active_record/attribute_methods.rb bundle exec derailed exec perf:objects

allocated memory by gem ----------------------------------- 8440 activerecord/lib allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 8440 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb allocated memory by location ----------------------------------- 8000 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:270 320 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:221 80 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:189 40 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:187 allocated memory by class ----------------------------------- 8360 String 80 Array allocated objects by gem ----------------------------------- 211 activerecord/lib allocated objects by file ----------------------------------- 211 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb allocated objects by location -----------------------------------

allocated memory by gem ----------------------------------- 8440 activerecord/lib allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 8440 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb allocated memory by location ----------------------------------- 8000 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:270 320 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:221 80 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:189 40 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:187 allocated memory by class ----------------------------------- 8360 String 80 Array allocated objects by gem ----------------------------------- 211 activerecord/lib allocated objects by file ----------------------------------- 211 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb allocated objects by location

261 def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) 262 return false unless super 263 264 case name 265 when :to_partial_path 266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end

263 264 case name 265 when :to_partial_path 266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for 274 # For queries selecting a subset of col 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to 276 # have been allocated but not yet initi 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.

261 def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) 262 return false unless super 263 264 case name 265 when :to_partial_path 266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model"

263 264 case name 265 when :to_partial_path 266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for 274 # For queries selecting a subset of col 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to 276 # have been allocated but not yet initi 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.

266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unsele 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end

271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for th 274 # For queries selecting a subset of colum 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to i 276 # have been allocated but not yet initial 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.co 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end

266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unsele 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end !!'#(#)#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unsele 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end !"#(#)#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unsele 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end !"#+#)#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unsele 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end !"#+#,#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unsele 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary !"#+#,#* ?

261 def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) 262 return false unless super 263 264 case name 265 when :to_partial_path 266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the select case. 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialized. 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) 278 return has_attribute?(name) 279 end 270 281 true 282 end

263 264 case name 265 when :to_partial_path 266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the s 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issu 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialize 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.colum

263 264 case name 265 when :to_partial_path 266 name = "to_partial_path" 267 when :to_model 268 name = "to_model" 269 else 270 name = name.to_s 271 end 272 273 # If the result is true then check for the s 274 # For queries selecting a subset of columns, 275 # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issu 276 # have been allocated but not yet initialize 277 if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.colum

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def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super case name when :to_partial_path name = "to_partial_path" when :to_model name = "to_model" else name = name.to_s end # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) return has_attribute?(name) end true end

def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super case name when :to_partial_path name = "to_partial_path" when :to_model name = "to_model" else name = name.to_s end # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) return has_attribute?(name) end true end &

def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super case name when :to_partial_path name = "to_partial_path" when :to_model name = "to_model" else name = name.to_s end # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) return has_attribute?(name) end true end

def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super case name when :to_partial_path name = "to_partial_path" when :to_model name = "to_model" else name = name.to_s end # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) return has_attribute?(name) end true end

def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) return has_attribute?(name) end true end

def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) return has_attribute?(name) end true end

module ActiveRecord module ModelSchema … def symbol_column_to_string(name_symbol) # :nodoc: @symbol_column_to_string_name_hash ||= column_names.index_by(&:to_sym) @symbol_column_to_string_name_hash[name_symbol] end

def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) && self.class.column_names.include?(name) return has_attribute?(name) end true end

def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) if name = self.class.symbol_column_to_string(name.to_sym) return has_attribute?(name) end end true end

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def respond_to?(name, include_private = false) return false unless super # If the result is true then check for the select case. # For queries selecting a subset of columns, return false for unselected columns. # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if called on objects that # have been allocated but not yet initialized. if defined?(@attributes) if name = self.class.symbol_column_to_string(name.to_sym) return has_attribute?(name) end end true end

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ARRAY = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0] STRANG = "mystrang" require 'memory_profiler' report = MemoryProfiler.report do ARRAY.dup STRANG.dup end report.pretty_print # allocated memory by location # ----------------------------------- # 40 big_o/string_verus_array.rb:10 # 40 big_o/string_verus_array.rb:9

ARRAY = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0] STRANG = "mystrang" require 'memory_profiler' report = MemoryProfiler.report do ARRAY.dup STRANG.dup end report.pretty_print # allocated memory by location # ----------------------------------- # 40 big_o/string_verus_array.rb:10 # 40 big_o/string_verus_array.rb:9

ARRAY = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0] STRANG = "mystrang" require 'memory_profiler' report = MemoryProfiler.report do ARRAY.dup STRANG.dup end report.pretty_print # allocated memory by location # ----------------------------------- # 40 big_o/string_verus_array.rb:10 # 40 big_o/string_verus_array.rb:9

ARRAY = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0] STRANG = "mystrang" require 'benchmark/ips' Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("Array") { ARRAY.dup } x.report("String") { STRANG.dup } x.compare! end

Warming up -------------------------------------- Array 237.011k i/100ms String 227.975k i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- Array 4.725M (± 2.4%) i/s - 23.701M in 5.019109s String 4.354M (± 3.4%) i/s - 21.886M in 5.032768s Comparison: Array: 4725013.7 i/s String: 4353765.4 i/s - 1.09x slower

Warming up -------------------------------------- Array 236.636k i/100ms String 227.325k i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- Array 4.665M (± 2.8%) i/s - 23.427M in 5.026530s String 4.271M (± 3.5%) i/s - 21.369M in 5.009076s Comparison: String: 4664566.9 i/s Array: 4271439.1 i/s - 1.09x slower

Warming up -------------------------------------- Array 237.026k i/100ms String 227.955k i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- Array 4.674M (± 4.8%) i/s - 23.466M in 5.032533s String 4.271M (± 4.5%) i/s - 21.428M in 5.027323s Comparison: Array: 4674310.3 i/s String: 4271319.4 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error

Warming up -------------------------------------- Array 236.636k i/100ms String 227.325k i/100ms Calculating ------------------------------------- Array 4.665M (± 2.8%) i/s - 23.427M in 5.026530s String 4.271M (± 3.5%) i/s - 21.369M in 5.009076s Comparison: String: 4664566.9 i/s Array: 4271439.1 i/s - 1.09x slower

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allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 126489 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb 49448 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/_app.html.slim 49328 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/application.html.slim 36097 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb 25096 …/code/codetriage/app/views/pages/_repos_with_pagination.html.slim 24432 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb 23526 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/patches/db/pg.rb 21912 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb 18000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set/builder.rb 15888 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/result.rb 14610 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb 11148 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/mini_profiler/storage/file_store.rb 9824 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/caching/fragments.rb 9360 …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/logger.rb 8304 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb 8160 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb 8000 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb 7880 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/log_subscriber.rb 7478 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/tag_helper.rb 7096 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb 7024 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/warden-1.2.7/lib/warden/proxy.rb 6912 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb 6512 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb 5680 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb 5600 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/persistence.rb 4963 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-2.0.5/lib/rack/utils.rb 4896 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb 4760 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb 4608 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/hashie-3.5.7/lib/hashie/mash.rb 4558 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb 4415 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb

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$bundle exec derailed exec perf:objects

allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 126489 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb 49448 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/_app.html.slim 49328 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/application.html.slim 36097 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb 25096 …/code/codetriage/app/views/pages/_repos_with_pagination.html.slim 24432 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb 23526 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/patches/db/pg.rb 21912 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb 18000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set/builder.rb 15888 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/result.rb 14610 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb 11148 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/mini_profiler/storage/file_store.rb 9824 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/caching/fragments.rb 9360 …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/logger.rb 8304 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb 8160 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb 8000 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb 7880 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/log_subscriber.rb 7478 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/tag_helper.rb 7096 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb 7024 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/warden-1.2.7/lib/warden/proxy.rb 6912 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb 6512 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb 5680 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb 5600 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/persistence.rb 4963 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-2.0.5/lib/rack/utils.rb 4896 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb 4760 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb 4608 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/hashie-3.5.7/lib/hashie/mash.rb 4558 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb 4415 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb

allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 126489 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb 49448 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/_app.html.slim 49328 …/code/codetriage/app/views/layouts/application.html.slim 36097 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb 25096 …/code/codetriage/app/views/pages/_repos_with_pagination.html.slim 24432 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb 23526 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/patches/db/pg.rb 21912 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb 18000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set/builder.rb 15888 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/result.rb 14610 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb 11148 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-mini-profiler-1.0.0/lib/mini_profiler/storage/file_store.rb 9824 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/caching/fragments.rb 9360 …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/logger.rb 8304 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb 8160 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb 8000 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb 7880 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/log_subscriber.rb 7478 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/tag_helper.rb 7096 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb 7024 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/warden-1.2.7/lib/warden/proxy.rb 6912 …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb 6512 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb 5680 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb 5600 …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/persistence.rb 4963 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/rack-2.0.5/lib/rack/utils.rb 4896 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb 4760 …/code/rails/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb 4608 …/code/codetriage/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/hashie-3.5.7/lib/hashie/mash.rb 4558 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb

$ALLOW_FILES=active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb bundle exec derailed exec perf:objects

Total allocated: 39617 bytes (600 objects) Total retained: 0 bytes (0 objects) allocated memory by gem ----------------------------------- 39617 activemodel/lib allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 39617 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb allocated memory by location ----------------------------------- 17317 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:72 12000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:74 6000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:73 4300 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:64

Total allocated: 39617 bytes (600 objects) Total retained: 0 bytes (0 objects) allocated memory by gem ----------------------------------- 39617 activemodel/lib allocated memory by file ----------------------------------- 39617 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb allocated memory by location ----------------------------------- 17317 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:72 12000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:74 6000 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:73 4300 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:64

71 def fast_string_to_time(string) 72 if string =~ ISO_DATETIME 73 microsec = ($7.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i 74 new_time $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i, microsec 75 end 76 end

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71 def fast_string_to_time(string) 72 if string =~ ISO_DATETIME 73 microsec = ($7.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i 74 new_time $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i, microsec 75 end 76 end

71 def fast_string_to_time(string) 72 if string =~ ISO_DATETIME 73 microsec = ($7.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i 74 new_time $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i, microsec 75 end 76 end

71 def fast_string_to_time(string) 72 if string =~ ISO_DATETIME 73 microsec = ($7.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i 74 new_time $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_ 75 end 76 end

i.e. ".1234567" #=> 1234567

def fast_string_to_time(string) if string =~ ISO_DATETIME microsec_part = $7 if microsec_part && microsec_part.start_with?(".") && microsec_part.length == 7 microsec_part[0] = "" microsec = microsec_part.to_i else microsec = (microsec_part.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i end new_time $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i, microsec end

def fast_string_to_time(string) if string =~ ISO_DATETIME microsec_part = $7 if microsec_part && microsec_part.start_with?(".") && microsec_part.length == 7 microsec_part[0] = "" microsec = microsec_part.to_i else microsec = (microsec_part.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i end new_time $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i, microsec end

Is it faster?

original_string = ".443959" require 'benchmark/ips' Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("multiply") { string = original_string.dup (string.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i } x.report("new ") { string = original_string.dup if string && string.start_with?(".".freeze) && string.length == 7 string[0] = ''.freeze string.to_i end } x.compare! end # Warming up -------------------------------------- # multiply 125.783k i/100ms

string[0] = ''.freeze string.to_i end } x.compare! end # Warming up -------------------------------------- # multiply 125.783k i/100ms # new 146.543k i/100ms # Calculating ------------------------------------- # multiply 1.751M (± 3.3%) i/s - 8.805M in 5.033779s # new 2.225M (± 2.1%) i/s - 11.137M in 5.007110s # Comparison: # new : 2225289.7 i/s # multiply: 1751254.2 i/s - 1.27x slower

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def fast_string_to_time(string) if string =~ ISO_DATETIME microsec_part = $7 if microsec_part && microsec_part.start_with?(".") && microsec_part.length == 7 microsec_part[0] = "" microsec = microsec_part.to_i else microsec = (microsec_part.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i end new_time $1.to_i, $2.to_i, $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i, microsec end

==================================================================================================== …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/date_time.rb:25:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date_time.rb:16:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:38:in `cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/accepts_multiparameter_time.rb:12:in `block in initialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:24:in `deserialize' …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/delegate.rb:349:in `block in delegating_block' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb:8:in `deserialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:164:in `type_cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:42:in `value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set.rb:48:in `fetch_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:77:in `_read_attribute' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:40:in `__temp__57074616475646f51647' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `public_send' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `try' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:99:in `cache_version' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block in read_multi' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `block in instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:386:in `read_multi’ …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb:18:in `cache_collection_render' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:326:in `block in render_collection' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:44:in `block in instrument' …//code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `block in instrument'

…/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/accepts_multiparameter_time.rb:1 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:24:in `deserialize' …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/delegate.rb:349:in `block in delegating_block' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb:8 …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:164:in `type_cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:42:in `value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set.rb:48:in `fetch_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:77:in `_read_attr …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:40:in `__temp__57 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `public_send …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `try' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:99:in `cache_version' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in read_multi_entr …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block in read_multi' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `block in instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:386:in `read_multi’

# Product.cache_versioning = false # Person.find(5).cache_key # => "people/5-20071224150000" (updated_at available) def cache_key(*timestamp_names) if new_record? "#{model_name.cache_key}/new" else if cache_version && timestamp_names.none? "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}" else timestamp = if timestamp_names.any? ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) Specifying a timestamp name for #cache_key has been deprecated in favor of the explicit #cache_version method that can be overwritten. MSG max_updated_column_timestamp(timestamp_names) else max_updated_column_timestamp end if timestamp timestamp = timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}-#{timestamp}" else "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}" end end end end # Returns a cache version that can be used together with the cache key to form

# the cache key will also include a version. # # Product.cache_versioning = false # Person.find(5).cache_key # => "people/5-20071224150000" (updated_at ava def cache_key(*timestamp_names) if new_record? "#{model_name.cache_key}/new" else if cache_version && timestamp_names.none? "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}" else timestamp = if timestamp_names.any? ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) Specifying a timestamp name for #cache_key has been deprecated in the explicit #cache_version method that can be overwritten. MSG max_updated_column_timestamp(timestamp_names) else max_updated_column_timestamp end if timestamp

max_updated_column_timestamp end if timestamp timestamp = timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}-#{timestamp}" else "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}" end end end end # Returns a cache version that can be used together with the cache key to form # a recyclable caching scheme. By default, the #updated_at column is used for the # cache_version, but this method can be overwritten to return something else. # # Note, this method will return nil if ActiveRecord::Base.cache_versioning is set to # +false+ (which it is by default until Rails 6.0). def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end

max_updated_column_timestamp end if timestamp timestamp = timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}-#{timestamp}" else "#{model_name.cache_key}/#{id}" end end end end # Returns a cache version that can be used together with the cache key to form # a recyclable caching scheme. By default, the #updated_at column is used for the # cache_version, but this method can be overwritten to return something else. # # Note, this method will return nil if ActiveRecord::Base.cache_versioning is set to # +false+ (which it is by default until Rails 6.0). def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end

end end end end # Returns a cache version that can be used together with the cache key to form # a recyclable caching scheme. By default, the #updated_at column is used for the # cache_version, but this method can be overwritten to return something else. # # Note, this method will return nil if ActiveRecord::Base.cache_versioning is set to # +false+ (which it is by default until Rails 6.0). def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end

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> User.first.updated_at_before_type_cast => "2019-04-24 21:21:09.232249" > User.first.updated_at.to_s(:usec) => "20190424212109232249"

> User.first.updated_at_before_type_cast => "2019-04-24 21:21:09.232249" > User.first.updated_at.to_s(:usec) => "20190424212109232249"

> User.first.updated_at_before_type_cast => "2019-04-24 21:21:09.232249" > User.first.updated_at.to_s(:usec) => "20190424212109232249"

> User.first.updated_at_before_type_cast => "20190424212109232249" > User.first.updated_at.to_s(:usec) => "20190424212109232249"

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def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end !✁ perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end !"#(#)#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end !"#+#)#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end !"#+#%#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end !"#+#%#* perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end !"#+#%#. perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end

def cache_version return unless cache_versioning return unless has_attribute?("updated_at") timestamp = updated_at_before_type_cast if can_use_fast_cache_version?(timestamp) raw_timestamp_to_cache_version(timestamp) elsif timestamp = updated_at timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) end end

def cache_version return unless cache_versioning return unless has_attribute?("updated_at") timestamp = updated_at_before_type_cast if can_use_fast_cache_version?(timestamp) raw_timestamp_to_cache_version(timestamp) elsif timestamp = updated_at timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) end end

def cache_version return unless cache_versioning return unless has_attribute?("updated_at") timestamp = updated_at_before_type_cast if can_use_fast_cache_version?(timestamp) raw_timestamp_to_cache_version(timestamp) elsif timestamp = updated_at timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) end end

def cache_version return unless cache_versioning return unless has_attribute?("updated_at") timestamp = updated_at_before_type_cast if can_use_fast_cache_version?(timestamp) raw_timestamp_to_cache_version(timestamp) elsif timestamp = updated_at timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) end end

def cache_version return unless cache_versioning return unless has_attribute?("updated_at") timestamp = updated_at_before_type_cast if can_use_fast_cache_version?(timestamp) raw_timestamp_to_cache_version(timestamp) elsif timestamp = updated_at timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) end end

def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end !"#+#%#. perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

Before: Total allocated: 743842 bytes (6626 objects) After: Total allocated: 702955 bytes (6063 objects) 743842 / 702955 => 1.058x or 5% fewer allocations

Before: Total allocated: 743842 bytes (6626 objects) After: Total allocated: 702955 bytes (6063 objects) 743842 / 702955 => 1.058x or 5% fewer allocations ⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡

def cache_version return unless cache_versioning return unless has_attribute?("updated_at") timestamp = updated_at_before_type_cast if can_use_fast_cache_version?(timestamp) raw_timestamp_to_cache_version(timestamp) elsif timestamp = updated_at timestamp.utc.to_s(cache_timestamp_format) end end !"#$#,#. perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

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def cache_version if cache_versioning && timestamp = try(:updated_at) timestamp.utc.to_s(:usec) end end &

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==================================================================================================== …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/date_time.rb:25:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date_time.rb:16:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:38:in `cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/accepts_multiparameter_time.rb:12:in `block in initialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:24:in `deserialize' …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/delegate.rb:349:in `block in delegating_block' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb:8:in `deserialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:164:in `type_cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:42:in `value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set.rb:48:in `fetch_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:77:in `_read_attribute' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:40:in `__temp__57074616475646f51647' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `public_send' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `try' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:99:in `cache_version' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block in read_multi' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `block in instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:386:in `read_multi’ …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb:18:in `cache_collection_render' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:326:in `block in render_collection' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:44:in `block in instrument' …//code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `block in instrument'

==================================================================================================== …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/date_time.rb:25:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date_time.rb:16:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:38:in `cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/accepts_multiparameter_time.rb:12:in `block in initialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:24:in `deserialize' …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/delegate.rb:349:in `block in delegating_block' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb:8:in `deserialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:164:in `type_cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:42:in `value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set.rb:48:in `fetch_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:77:in `_read_attribute' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:40:in `__temp__57074616475646f51647' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `public_send' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `try' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:99:in `cache_version' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block in read_multi' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `block in instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:386:in `read_multi’ …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb:18:in `cache_collection_render' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:326:in `block in render_collection' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:44:in `block in instrument' …//code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `block in instrument'

==================================================================================================== …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/date_time.rb:25:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date_time.rb:16:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:38:in `cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/accepts_multiparameter_time.rb:12:in `block in initialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:24:in `deserialize' …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/delegate.rb:349:in `block in delegating_block' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb:8:in `deserialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:164:in `type_cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:42:in `value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set.rb:48:in `fetch_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:77:in `_read_attribute' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:40:in `__temp__57074616475646f51647' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `public_send' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `try' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:99:in `cache_version' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block in read_multi' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `block in instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:386:in `read_multi’ …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb:18:in `cache_collection_render' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:326:in `block in render_collection' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:44:in `block in instrument' …//code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `block in instrument'

==================================================================================================== …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/date_time.rb:25:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date_time.rb:16:in `cast_value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:38:in `cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/accepts_multiparameter_time.rb:12:in `block in initialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:24:in `deserialize' …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/delegate.rb:349:in `block in delegating_block' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb:8:in `deserialize' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:164:in `type_cast' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:42:in `value' …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set.rb:48:in `fetch_value' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:77:in `_read_attribute' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:40:in `__temp__57074616475646f51647' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `public_send' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `try' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:99:in `cache_version' …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_multi_entries' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block in read_multi' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `block in instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `instrument' …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:386:in `read_multi’ …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb:18:in `cache_collection_render' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:326:in `block in render_collection' …//code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:44:in `block in instrument' …//code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `block in instrument'

! …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/time_value.rb:73:in `fast_string_to_time' 100 " …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/date_time.rb:25:in `cast_value' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/oid/date_time.rb:16:in `cast_value' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:38:in `cast' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/helpers/accepts_multiparameter_time.rb:12:in `block in initializ # ! …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/type/value.rb:24:in `deserialize' 100 # ! …/.rubies/ruby-2.5.3/lib/ruby/2.5.0/delegate.rb:349:in `block in delegating_block' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb:8:in `deserialize' # ! …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:164:in `type_cast' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute.rb:42:in `value' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_set.rb:48:in `fetch_value' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:77:in `_read_attribute' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb:40:in `__temp__5707461647 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `public_send' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb:16:in `try' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:99:in `cache_version' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_ke # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' 10 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in rea # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_mul # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `bloc # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:17 # " …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `

record/lib/active_record/integration.rb:68:in `cache_key' 100 vesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:639:in `expanded_key' 100 tivesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `block in expanded_key' 100 activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `collect' 100 s/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:644:in `expanded_key' 100 ils/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:608:in `normalize_key' 100 rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:565:in `block in read_multi_entries' 100 e/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `each' 100 ode/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:564:in `read_multi_entries' 100 /code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:387:in `block in read_multi' 100 …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `block in instrument' 100 ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:170:in `instrument' 100 " …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:672:in `instrument' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb:386:in `read_multi' 100 # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer/collection_caching.rb:18:in `cache_collection_rende # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:326:in `block in render_collection' 100 # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:44:in `block in instrument' 100 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `block in instrument' 300 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:23:in `instrument' 400 # ! …/code/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `instrument' 400 # " …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:43:in `instrument' 300 # # " …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:319:in `render_collection' 100 # # # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:310:in `render' 100 # # # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:49:in `render_partial' 100 # # # " …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:23:in `render' 100 # # # # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/rendering_helper.rb:33:in `render' 100 # # # # ! …/code/codetriage/app/views/pages/_repos_with_pagination.html.slim:1:in `_app_views_pages__re # # # # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/template.rb:161:in `block in render' 100 # # # ! …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/rendering_helper.rb:36:in `render' 100 # # # ! …/code/codetriage/app/views/pages/index.html.slim:37:in `_app_views_pages_index_html_slim__4370 # # " …/code/rails/actionview/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:333:in `render_partial' 100

! test/whence_test.rb:37:in `call_whence' 4 " test/whence_test.rb:22:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:98:in `block (3 levels) in run' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:195:in `capture_exceptions' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:95:in `block (2 levels) in run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:265:in `time_it' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:94:in `block in run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:360:in `on_signal' 4 # " …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:211:in `with_info_handler' # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:93:in `run' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:960:in `run_one_method' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:334:in `run_one_method' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:321:in `block (2 levels) # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `each' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `block in run # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:347:in `with_info_handler' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:319:in `run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `block in __run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `map' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `__run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:136:in `run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:63:in `block in auto " test/whence_test.rb:41:in `call_whence_from_elsewhere' 2 # " test/whence_test.rb:23:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! test/whence_test.rb:24:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 ! test/whence_test.rb:45:in `call_whence_somewhere_else' 1 ! test/whence_test.rb:24:in `test_multiple_callers' 1

! test/whence_test.rb:37:in `call_whence' 4 " test/whence_test.rb:22:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/min # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/m # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/l # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11 # " …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5. # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest- # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minites # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minit # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/min # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/m # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems

! test/whence_test.rb:37:in `call_whence' 4 " test/whence_test.rb:22:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/min # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/m # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/l # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11 # " …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5. # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest- # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minites # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minit # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/min # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/m # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems

! test/whence_test.rb:37:in `call_whence' 4 " test/whence_test.rb:22:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/min # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/m # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/l # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11 # " …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5. # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest- # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minites # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minit # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/min # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/m # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems

! test/whence_test.rb:37:in `call_whence' 4 " test/whence_test.rb:22:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:98:in `block (3 levels) in run' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:195:in `capture_exceptions' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:95:in `block (2 levels) in run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:265:in `time_it' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:94:in `block in run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:360:in `on_signal' 4 # " …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:211:in `with_info_handler' # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:93:in `run' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:960:in `run_one_method' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:334:in `run_one_method' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:321:in `block (2 levels) # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `each' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `block in run # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:347:in `with_info_handler' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:319:in `run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `block in __run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `map' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `__run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:136:in `run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:63:in `block in auto " test/whence_test.rb:41:in `call_whence_from_elsewhere' 2 # " test/whence_test.rb:23:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! test/whence_test.rb:24:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 ! test/whence_test.rb:45:in `call_whence_somewhere_else' 1 ! test/whence_test.rb:24:in `test_multiple_callers' 1

! test/whence_test.rb:37:in `call_whence' 4 " test/whence_test.rb:22:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:98:in `block (3 levels) in run' 1 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:195:in `capture_exceptions' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:95:in `block (2 levels) in run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:265:in `time_it' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:94:in `block in run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:360:in `on_signal' 4 # " …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:211:in `with_info_handler' # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest/test.rb:93:in `run' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:960:in `run_one_method' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:334:in `run_one_method' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:321:in `block (2 levels) # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `each' 4 # # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `block in run # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:347:in `with_info_handler' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:319:in `run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `block in __run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `map' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `__run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:136:in `run' 4 # ! …/code/whence/.gem/ruby/2.5.3/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:63:in `block in auto " test/whence_test.rb:41:in `call_whence_from_elsewhere' 2 # " test/whence_test.rb:23:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 # ! test/whence_test.rb:24:in `test_multiple_callers' 1 ! test/whence_test.rb:45:in `call_whence_somewhere_else' 1 ! test/whence_test.rb:24:in `test_multiple_callers' 1

$gem install whence

Whence.whence

Whence.tree puts

Whence.tree puts

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perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

!"#$#%#& perfor m ant cle an use ful neces sary

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@calebthompson