#1 Introduction EL5140 Telecommunication Networks 

References • Tarmo Anttalainen, “Introduction to Telecommunication Network Engine ering”, Artech House • Roger L. Freeman, “Fundamentals of Telecommunications”, John Wiley • Roger L. Freeman, “Fundamentals of Telecommunications”, John Wiley & Sons, 2005 • Alberto Leon-Garcia & Indra Widjaja, “Communication Networks, Funda mental Concepts and Key Architectures”, Mc Graw Hill • Some other books, references and the Internet 

What is Telecommunication ? According to Webster’s Third International Dictionary telec ommunication is communications at a distance The IEEE Standard Dictionary defines telecommunications as the transmission of signals over long distance, such as by telegraph, radio, or television by telegraph, radio, or television According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, teleco mmunication is the technology of sending signals, images and messages over long distances by radio, telephone, tel evision, satellite etc. 

Different sections of telecommunications One possible view 

History 

Standardization To ensure interoperability, compatibility and econ omic performance among different devices vendo omic performance among different devices vendo rs -> We need open standard 

Standard Organizations National standard authorities • Indonesia : Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika • England : British Standard Institute (BSI) • Germany : Deutsche Industrie-Normen (DIN) • US : American National Standard Institute (ANSI) 

European Standard Bodies ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute CEN/CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization/European Com mittee for Standardization CEPT: Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Telecommunications CEPT: Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Telecommunications 

European Standard Bodies • IEEE : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engin eers • EIA: Electronic Industries Association • EIA: Electronic Industries Association • FCC: Federal Communications Commission • TIA: Telecommunications Industry Association 

Global Organizations ITU : International Telecommunication Union • ITU-T (T Telecommunication) • ITU-T (T Telecommunication) • ITU-R (R -> Radio) 

ISO/IEC : The International Standards Organiz ation/International Electrotechnical Commission ation/International Electrotechnical Commission – Information technology standard – ISO -> data communication standard and protocol – IEC -> electromechanical, environment and safety 

Others but now is probably the most important IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force 

Basic elements of Telecommunication Networks 

Core networks: high capacity 14 Access network: lower capacity 

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Network Topologies Topology according to IEEE – “the interconnection pattern of nodes on a network” 

Full-mesh network Every switch in a network is connected to all other switches (or nodes) in the network other switches (or nodes) in the network Very survivable because of a plethora of pos sible alternative routes 

Star Network • All of network nodes connected to one common central node • It is the least survivable. • However, it is one of the most econ omic nodal patterns both to install However, it is one of the most econ omic nodal patterns both to install and to administer Star Network Multiple Star Network 

Network topologies in LAN • LAN = Local Area Network (we’ll discuss it again later) 

• Three fundamental technologies in teleco mmunication networks: 1. Transmission 1. Transmission 2. Switching 3. Signaling 

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