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RESTLESS MICROSERVICES

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RESTLESS MICROSERVICES with

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WE ARE HIRING!

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RESTLESS MICROSERVICES

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RESTLESS MICROSERVICES with

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Billing

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Billing Profile

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Billing Profile Upload songs

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Billing Search / buy music Profile Upload songs

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Billing Search / buy music Profile Upload songs

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bin public src templates config billing marketplace profile upload Billing Search / buy music Profile Upload songs

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bin public src templates config marketplace profile upload Billing Search / buy music Profile Upload songs billing

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bin public src templates config marketplace profile upload billing

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bin public src templates config marketplace profile upload billing

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bin public src templates config marketplace profile upload billing

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Should I use microservices?

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What problems do they solve? Should I use microservices?

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Noback, M (2017): “Microservices for everyone”, p3 Splitting one big software solution into multiple smaller ones will make it easier to cut away bad parts, to integrate new parts, and to run experiments, at infrastructure and code level. This entails a higher speed of change than what we normally experience when working on a monolithic application.

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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With a large, monolithic service, we have to scale everything together. […] if that behaviour is locked up in a giant monolithic application, we have to handle scaling everything as a piece. With smaller services, we can just scale those services that need scaling, allowing us to run other parts of the system on smaller, less powerful hardware. Newman, S (2015): “Building Microservices”, p5

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Wolff, E (2016): “Microservices”, p57 A failure in the deployment of a single Microservice [doesn’t] impact the system as a whole.

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What problems do they solve? Should I use microservices?

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What problems do they solve? What new problems do they introduce? Should I use microservices?

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Wolff, E (2016): “Microservices”, p72 With a Deployment Monolith it is relatively straightforward to monitor the system. When problems arise, the administrator can log into the system [and] analyse errors. Microservice based systems contain so many systems that this approach is no longer feasible. Consequently, there has to be a monitoring system that brings monitoring information from all the services together.

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Newman, S (2015): “Building Microservices”, p5 […] we need to understand the new sources of failure that distributed systems have to deal with. Networks can and will fail, as will machines.

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What problems do they solve? What new problems do they introduce? Should I use microservices?

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What problems do they solve? What new problems do they introduce? Should I stick to a monolith? Should I use microservices?

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile { "id": "9541df33-2077-499e-a6f3-579eec03cd0c", "eventType": "invoice", "value": "100" } JSON over HTTP

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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WE ARE HIRING!

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Fidao, C (2014): https://fideloper.com/hexagonal-architecture

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marketplace upload billing profile

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marketplace upload billing profile bin public src config bin public src config bin public src config bin public src config templates

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marketplace upload billing profile bin public src config bin public src config bin public src config bin public src config templates { "id": "9541df33-2077-499e-a6f3-579eec03cd0c", "eventType": "invoice", "value": "100" } JSON over HTTP

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marketplace upload billing profile bin public src config bin public src config bin public src config bin public src config templates

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marketplace upload billing profile

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marketplace upload billing profile

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bin public src templates config billing marketplace profile upload

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bin public src templates config billing marketplace profile upload

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bin public src templates config billing marketplace profile upload

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$ composer require acme/billing-package

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{ "name": "acme/billing-package", "description": "Handles billing for things in our application", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "config": { "bin-dir": "bin" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Package\\Billing\\": "src/" } }, "autoload-dev": { "psr-4": { "Tests\\": "tests/" } } } composer.json

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{ "name": "acme/billing-package", "description": "Handles billing for things in our application", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "config": { "bin-dir": "bin" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Package\\Billing\\": "src/" } }, "autoload-dev": { "psr-4": { "Tests\\": "tests/" } } } composer.json

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composer.json { "name": "acme/billing-package", "description": "Handles billing for things in our application", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "config": { "bin-dir": "bin" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Package\\Billing\\": "src/" } }, "autoload-dev": { "psr-4": { "Tests\\": "tests/" } } }

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src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php paymentProcessor = $paymentProcessor; $this->repository = $repository; } public function chargeCard(int $customerId, int $amountInPounds): void { $customer = $this->repository->find($customerId); if (null === $customer) { throw new \Exception('Customer not found'); } $this->paymentProcessor->debitAccount( $customer, $amountInPounds ); } public function listPayments(int $customerId): array { // ... }

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src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php paymentProcessor = $paymentProcessor; $this->repository = $repository; } public function chargeCard(int $customerId, int $amountInPounds): void { $customer = $this->repository->find($customerId); if (null === $customer) { throw new \Exception('Customer not found'); } $this->paymentProcessor->debitAccount( $customer, $amountInPounds ); } public function listPayments(int $customerId): array { // ... }

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src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php paymentProcessor = $paymentProcessor; $this->repository = $repository; } public function chargeCard(int $customerId, int $amountInPounds): void { $customer = $this->repository->find($customerId); if (null === $customer) { throw new \Exception('Customer not found'); } $this->paymentProcessor->debitAccount( $customer, $amountInPounds ); } public function listPayments(int $customerId): array { // ... }

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src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php paymentProcessor = $paymentProcessor; $this->repository = $repository; } public function chargeCard(int $customerId, int $amountInPounds): void { $customer = $this->repository->find($customerId); if (null === $customer) { throw new \Exception('Customer not found'); } $this->paymentProcessor->debitAccount( $customer, $amountInPounds ); } public function listPayments(int $customerId): array { // ... }

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src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php paymentProcessor = $paymentProcessor; $this->repository = $repository; } public function chargeCard(int $customerId, int $amountInPounds): void { $customer = $this->repository->find($customerId); if (null === $customer) { throw new \Exception('Customer not found'); } $this->paymentProcessor->debitAccount( $customer, $amountInPounds ); } public function listPayments(int $customerId): array { // ... }

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src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php

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src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php CardPaymentTest.php processor = $this->createMock(PaymentProcessor::class); $this->repository = $this->createMock(CustomerRepository::class); $this->cardPayment = new CardPayment($this->processor,$this->repository); } public function test_a_card_is_charged_the_correct_amount(): void { $customer = new Customer(); // ... $this->cardPayment->chargeCard($customer->getId(), 100); } public function test_an_exception_is_thrown_when_customer_is_not_found(): void { // ... } // ... }

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processor = $this->createMock(PaymentProcessor::class); $this->repository = $this->createMock(CustomerRepository::class); $this->cardPayment = new CardPayment($this->processor,$this->repository); } public function test_a_card_is_charged_the_correct_amount(): void { $customer = new Customer(); // ... $this->cardPayment->chargeCard($customer->getId(), 100); } public function test_an_exception_is_thrown_when_customer_is_not_found(): void { // ... } // ... } src composer.json tests CardPayment.php CustomerRepository.php PaymentProcessor.php CardPaymentTest.php

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$ composer require acme/billing-package

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$ composer require acme/...

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bin public src config vendor acme billing-package profile-package upload-package

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bin public src config vendor acme billing-package profile-package upload-package adapter PaymentProcessorAdapter.php stripeApiKey = $stripeApiKey; } public function debitAccount(Customer $customer, int $amount): void { \Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey($this->stripeApiKey); \Stripe\Charge::create([ "amount" => $amount, "currency" => "gbp", "source" => $customer->getAuthToken() ]); } public function fetchTransactions(Customer $customer): array { // ... } }

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bin public src config adapter PaymentProcessorAdapter.php vendor acme billing-package profile-package upload-package stripeApiKey = $stripeApiKey; } public function debitAccount(Customer $customer, int $amount): void { \Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey($this->stripeApiKey); \Stripe\Charge::create([ "amount" => $amount, "currency" => "gbp", "source" => $customer->getAuthToken() ]); } public function fetchTransactions(Customer $customer): array { // ... } }

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bin public src config adapter PaymentProcessorAdapter.php vendor acme billing-package profile-package upload-package stripeApiKey = $stripeApiKey; } public function debitAccount(Customer $customer, int $amount): void { \Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey($this->stripeApiKey); \Stripe\Charge::create([ "amount" => $amount, "currency" => "gbp", "source" => $customer->getAuthToken() ]); } public function fetchTransactions(Customer $customer): array { // ... } }

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile Admin

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile Admin

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{ "name": "acme/billing-bridge", "description": "Handles the infrastructure for the billing package", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3", "ext-PDO": "*", "ext-json": "*", "acme/billing-package": "*@dev", "symfony/config": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/http-kernel": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/dependency-injection": "<3.5" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Bridge\\Billing\\": "./src" } }, "autoload-dev": { "files": [ "tests/AppKernel.php" ] } } composer.json

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{ "name": "acme/billing-bridge", "description": "Handles the infrastructure for the billing package", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3", "ext-PDO": "*", "ext-json": "*", "acme/billing-package": "*@dev", "symfony/config": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/http-kernel": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/dependency-injection": "<3.5" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Bridge\\Billing\\": "./src" } }, "autoload-dev": { "files": [ "tests/AppKernel.php" ] } } composer.json

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{ "name": "acme/billing-bridge", "description": "Handles the infrastructure for the billing package", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3", "ext-PDO": "*", "ext-json": "*", "acme/billing-package": "*@dev", "symfony/config": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/http-kernel": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/dependency-injection": "<3.5" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Bridge\\Billing\\": "./src" } }, "autoload-dev": { "files": [ "tests/AppKernel.php" ] } } composer.json

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{ "name": "acme/billing-bridge", "description": "Handles the infrastructure for the billing package", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3", "ext-PDO": "*", "ext-json": "*", "acme/billing-package": "*@dev", "symfony/config": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/http-kernel": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/dependency-injection": "<3.5" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Bridge\\Billing\\": "./src" } }, "autoload-dev": { "files": [ "tests/AppKernel.php" ] } } composer.json

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{ "name": "acme/billing-bridge", "description": "Handles the infrastructure for the billing package", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3", "ext-PDO": "*", "ext-json": "*", "acme/billing-package": "*@dev", "symfony/config": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/http-kernel": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/dependency-injection": "<3.5" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Bridge\\Billing\\": "./src" } }, "autoload-dev": { "files": [ "tests/AppKernel.php" ] } } composer.json

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{ "name": "acme/billing-bridge", "description": "Handles the infrastructure for the billing package", "version": "0.0.1", "license": "proprietary", "require": { "php": ">=7.3", "ext-PDO": "*", "ext-json": "*", "acme/billing-package": "*@dev", "symfony/config": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/http-kernel": ">=2.8,<3.5", "symfony/dependency-injection": "<3.5" }, "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Acme\\Bridge\\Billing\\": "./src" } }, "autoload-dev": { "files": [ "tests/AppKernel.php" ] } } composer.json

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php root('billing_bridge'); $rootNode ->children() ->arrayNode('services') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('pdo_connection') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->arrayNode('parameters') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('payment_provider_key') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->end(); Configuration.php StripePaymentProcessor.php

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php root('billing_bridge'); $rootNode ->children() ->arrayNode('services') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('pdo_connection') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->arrayNode('parameters') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('payment_provider_key') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->end(); StripePaymentProcessor.php

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php root('billing_bridge'); $rootNode ->children() ->arrayNode('services') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('pdo_connection') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->arrayNode('parameters') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('payment_provider_key') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->end(); StripePaymentProcessor.php

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root('billing_bridge'); $rootNode ->children() ->arrayNode('services') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('pdo_connection') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->arrayNode('parameters') ->isRequired() ->children() ->scalarNode('payment_provider_key') ->isRequired() ->cannotBeEmpty() ->end() ->end() ->end() ->end(); src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php StripePaymentProcessor.php

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php processConfiguration(new Configuration(), $configs); $loader = new Loader\XmlFileLoader( $container, new FileLocator(__DIR__ . '/../Resources/config') ); $container->setAlias( 'billing_bridge.pdo_connection', $config['services']['pdo_connection'] ); $container->setAlias( 'billing_bridge.payment_provider_key', $config['parameters']['payment_provider_key'] ); $loader->load('services.xml'); } } StripePaymentProcessor.php

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php processConfiguration(new Configuration(), $configs); $loader = new Loader\XmlFileLoader( $container, new FileLocator(__DIR__ . '/../Resources/config') ); $container->setAlias( 'billing_bridge.pdo_connection', $config['services']['pdo_connection'] ); $container->setAlias( 'billing_bridge.payment_provider_key', $config['parameters']['payment_provider_key'] ); $loader->load('services.xml'); } } StripePaymentProcessor.php

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php processConfiguration(new Configuration(), $configs); $loader = new Loader\XmlFileLoader( $container, new FileLocator(__DIR__ . '/../Resources/config') ); $container->setAlias( 'billing_bridge.pdo_connection', $config['services']['pdo_connection'] ); $container->setAlias( 'billing_bridge.payment_provider_key', $config['parameters']['payment_provider_key'] ); $loader->load('services.xml'); } } StripePaymentProcessor.php

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor StripePaymentProcessor.php Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php stripeApiKey = $stripeApiKey; } public function debitAccount(Customer $customer, int $amount): void { \Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey($this->stripeApiKey); \Stripe\Charge::create([ "amount" => $amount, "currency" => "gbp", "source" => $customer->getAuthToken() ]); } public function fetchTransactions(Customer $customer): array { // ... } }

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor StripePaymentProcessor.php Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php stripeApiKey = $stripeApiKey; } public function debitAccount(Customer $customer, int $amount): void { \Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey($this->stripeApiKey); \Stripe\Charge::create([ "amount" => $amount, "currency" => "gbp", "source" => $customer->getAuthToken() ]); } public function fetchTransactions(Customer $customer): array { // ... } }

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor StripePaymentProcessor.php Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php stripeApiKey = $stripeApiKey; } public function debitAccount(Customer $customer, int $amount): void { // ... } public function fetchTransactions(Customer $customer): array { \Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey($this->stripeApiKey); $list = \Stripe\Charge::all([ "customer" => $customer->getAuthToken() ]); return array_map(function ($payment) { return new PaymentDto($payment['name'], $payment['amount']); }, $list); } }

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src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor StripePaymentProcessor.php Resources Config services.xml composer.json tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php stripeApiKey = $stripeApiKey; } public function debitAccount(Customer $customer, int $amount): void { // ... } public function fetchTransactions(Customer $customer): array { \Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey($this->stripeApiKey); $list = \Stripe\Charge::all([ "customer" => $customer->getAuthToken() ]); return array_map(function ($payment) { return new PaymentDto($payment['name'], $payment['amount']); }, $list); } }

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connection = $connection; } public function find(int $customerId): Customer { $query = $this->connection ->prepare('SELECT name, token FROM customer_accounts WHERE id = :id'); $query->bindValue(':id', $customerId); $result = $query->execute(); $customer = $result->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); return new Customer($customer[0]['name'], $customer[0]['token']); } } src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor StripePaymentProcessor.php Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php

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connection = $connection; } public function find(int $customerId): Customer { $query = $this->connection ->prepare('SELECT name, token FROM customer_accounts WHERE id = :id'); $query->bindValue(':id', $customerId); $result = $query->execute(); $customer = $result->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); return new Customer($customer[0]['name'], $customer[0]['token']); } } src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php StripePaymentProcessor.php

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connection = $connection; } public function find(int $customerId): Customer { $query = $this->connection ->prepare('SELECT name, token FROM customer_accounts WHERE id = :id'); $query->bindValue(':id', $customerId); $result = $query->execute(); $customer = $result->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); return new Customer($customer[0]['name'], $customer[0]['token']); } } src DependencyInjection BillingBridgeExtension.php PaymentProcessor Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Configuration.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php StripePaymentProcessor.php

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%billing_bridge.payment_provider_key% src DependencyInjection PaymentProcessor Configuration.php BillingBridgeExtension.php Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php StripePaymentProcessor.php

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%billing_bridge.payment_provider_key% src DependencyInjection PaymentProcessor Configuration.php BillingBridgeExtension.php Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php StripePaymentProcessor.php

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%billing_bridge.payment_provider_key% src DependencyInjection PaymentProcessor Configuration.php BillingBridgeExtension.php Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php StripePaymentProcessor.php

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src DependencyInjection PaymentProcessor Configuration.php BillingBridgeExtension.php Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php StripePaymentProcessor.php %billing_bridge.payment_provider_key%

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src DependencyInjection PaymentProcessor Configuration.php BillingBridgeExtension.php Resources Config services.xml tests AppKernel.php Repository PdoCustomerRepository.php StripePaymentProcessor.php %billing_bridge.payment_provider_key%

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$ composer require acme/billing-bridge

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app config config.yml billing_bridge: services: pdo_connection: doctrine.dbal.billing_connection parameters: payment_provider_key: '%env(stripe_secret_key)%'

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app config config.yml src Controller MarketplaceController.php container ->get('acme.billing.card_payment') ->debitAccount($customerId, $amount); } public function listChargesAction($customerId): Response { // ... $charges = $this->container ->get('acme.billing.card_payment') ->listPayments($customerId); return new Response(\json_encode($charges)); } }

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Domain Objects

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Domain Objects Scalars / JSON

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Domain Objects Scalars / JSON

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Domain Objects Scalars / JSON

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Domain Objects Scalars / JSON

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Domain Objects Scalars / JSON

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Unit tests Integration tests E2E tests

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Search / buy music Upload songs Billing Profile

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Layer Role Has domain knowledge? Services Dependencies Testing level Package Business logic Yes Provides services to bridge None / Language level Unit Bridge Wiring & Concretions Minimal Provides / forwards services to application layer Package / Symfony DI Integration Application / FW Talks to the outside world No Uses services provided by bridge layer Bridge End-to-end

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Pros Cons Less boilerplate for creating separate services More boilerplate for integrating domain code Layers kept isolated & easily testable Scaling not 100% microservice-esque Clear separation of concerns Requires effort in understanding Easily port domain code into applications Not 100% separately deployable Easily switch between monolith or microservice Not truly asynchronous Communication via JSON between services Breaking one thing breaks all things Full log trace from request to response Low latency (method calls vs network calls)

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WE ARE HIRING!