Building Android Testing Infrastructure

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Mohit Sarveiya Building Android Testing Infrastructure @heyitsmohit

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Building Android Testing Infrastructure ● Automation Tools ● Building Infra pipelines ● Snapshot Testing ● Gradle Testing

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Challenges Teams Monorepo

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Arch Fragmentation Codebase Legacy code Feature A Feature B

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Testing Codebase 50% Code coverage 20% Code coverage

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Test Coverage Gradle Builds Database UI API

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Testing Infra Goals ● Automate ● Scale ● Testing Gradle, Database, UI

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UI Test Automation

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Test Case Test Suite Test Case Test Case Test Case

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Test Case Test Case Test Case Test Case

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Test Case Test Case Test Case Test Case Firebase Test Lab

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gCloud Tool to run tests on Firebase Integrates with CI

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~ gCloud firebase test android models list

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MODEL_ID MAKE MODEL_NAME FORM RESOLUTION OS Nexus4 LG Nexus 4 VIRTUAL 2560 x 1600 19,21,22 sailfish Google Pixel PHYSICAL 1080 x 1920 25, 26 ~ gCloud firebase test android models list

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~ gCloud firebase test android run —type robo tests instrumentation

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~ gCloud firebase test android run —type instrumentation —app app-debug-unaligned.apk

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~ gCloud firebase test android run —type instrumentation —app app-debug-unaligned.apk —device model=Nexus6, version=21 local=en, orientation=portrait

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Upload Google Cloud Storage

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Google Cloud Storage Run Tests Report

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~ gCloud firebase test android run —type robo

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Get Report Test Lab gCloud Build APK CI Pipeline

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UI Tests Time

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Flank Run Android and iOS tests in parallel Uses Kotlin Coroutines

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Flank flank: app: ./app-debug.apk test: ./app-debug-androidTest.apk

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Flank flank: app: ./app-debug.apk test: ./app-debug-androidTest.apk device: - model: NexusLowRes version: 28

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Test Case Test Case Test Case Test Case Parallel

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Flank flank:     ## test shards - the amount of groups to split the test suite into max-test-shards: 2

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Flank flank:     ## test shards - the amount of groups to split the test suite into max-test-shards: 2 ## shard time - the amount of time tests within a shard should take shard-time: 2

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~ flank android test run

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Test Case Test Case Test Case Test Case Parallel

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Merged Results Shared 2 Parallel Shard 1

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Test Case Test Case Test Case Test Case Problems Flaky tests

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Flaky Test Causes ● Concurrency problems ● Flaky third party code ● Resource idling.

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Flank flank:     ## Number of Flaky test attempts num-flaky-test-attempts: 2

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CI Setup Get Report Test Lab Flank Build APK

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CI Setup Get Report Test Lab Flank Build APK Docker

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Fladle Gradle plugin for using Flank Multi Module Testing support

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Recipes Performance Regression

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Recipes perfTests { devices.set([ ["model" : "Nexus5", "version" : "28"], ]) testTargets.set([ "class com.test.PerformanceTest" ]) }

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Recipes regressionTests { devices.set([ [ "model" : "Nexus4", "version" : "28"] ]) testTargets.set([ "class com.sample.MyRegressionTest" ]) }

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Problems ● Tests take too long to run ● Flaky tests ● When do you run UI tests?

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Nightly CI Job Running UI Tests Get Report Regression   Tests Fladle Build APK

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Smoke Tests ● Test basic functionality ● Run on PRs

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Smoke Tests @Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME) annotation class SmokeTest

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Example - Firefox App ● Open source ● Nightly & Smoke tests ● Shards with Flank

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https: / / github.com/mozilla-mobile/fenix

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Firefox App Test Rails Smoke   Tests Fladle Build APK

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Test Rails ● Documentation for your test suite ● View results over time ● Collaborate with QA

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UI Tests Infra ● Run tests in parallel ● Use Flank with Firebase test lab ● Flaky tests

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Unit Testing Infrastructure

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Unit Testing Integration E2E Slower,   more expensive Faster,   cheaper

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How do we structure unit tests?

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Problem class Presenter( val repo: Repo,   ... )

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Problem interface Repo {     fun getData(): Data     ... }

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Structure Feature (folder) Public (Module) Impl (Module) Fakes (Module)

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Structure class PresenterTest {   val fakeRepo = FakeRepository()     val presenter = Presenter(fakeRepo)   }

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Structure Feature (folder) Public (Module) Impl (Module) Fakes (Module)

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Dev Tools ● Auto Generate module scaffolding ● Enforce rules on how modules depends on each other

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Unit Testing Lint Rules ● Enforce best practices

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Unit Testing Lint Rules ● Enforce best practices ● Coroutine lint test rules

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Unit Testing Lint Rules ● Enforce best practices ● Coroutine lint test rules ● Do not mock data classes

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Unit Tests Time

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Problem bdae142 .. main 50157a .. d89f145 .. f0ddfb ..

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Run only affected unit tests

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Affected Module Dectector Gradle plugin for determine which files changed Run only affected tests

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Affected Module Detector App Module A Module B Module C

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Affected Module Detector affectedModuleDetector { baseDir = "${project.rootDir}" compareFrom = "PreviousCommit" }

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Affected Module Detector affectedModuleDetector { baseDir = "${project.rootDir}" compareFrom = "PreviousCommit" } Fork Commit SpecifiedBranchCommit

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Affected Module Detector App Module A Module B Module C assembleAndroidDebugTest connectedAndroidDebugTest testDebug

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Affected Module Detector ~ ./gradlew runAffectedUnitTests // Runs jvm tests

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Affected Module Detector ~ ./gradlew runAffectedAndroidTests // Runs UI tests

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Run only affected unit tests

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Unit Testing Integration E2E Slower,   more expensive Faster,   cheaper

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Problem ● Run only affected unit tests ● Snapshot testing with unit tests

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Problem ● UI Regressions ● Example - Constraint layout changes

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Paparazzi Gradle plugin to generate screenshot with unit tests Supports Compose UI

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Paparazzi @get:Rule val paparazzi = Paparazzi(   deviceConfig = PIXEL_5,   theme = “android.Theme.Material.Light.NoActionBar” )

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Paparazzi @get:Rule val paparazzi = Paparazzi( ... ) @Test fun testView() { paparazzi.snapshot { UiView(uiState) } }

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Paparazzi Git (LFS) Snapshot

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Run Paparazzi tests

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Paparazzi ~ ./gradlew app:recordPaparazziDebug // Generate Report

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Paparazzi ~ ./gradlew app:verifyPaparazziDebug // Run again previously recorded

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Problem ● Run only affected unit tests ● Creating snapshot with unit testing ● Unit testing database migrations

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Database Migrations

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Database Migrations id user_name user_email 1 User 1 [email protected] 2 User 2 [email protected] User Table

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Database Migrations id user_name user_email 1 User 1 [email protected] 2 User 2 [email protected] User Table Rename to “email”

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Database Migrations @RenameColumn(   tableName = "users",   fromColumnName = "user_email",   toColumnName = "email"   ) class RenameFromUserAddressToAddress : AutoMigrationSpec

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Database Migrations @Database( version = 2, autoMigrations = [ AutoMigration( from = 1, to = 2, spec = UserDatabase.RenameFromUserAddressToAddress :: class ), ], )

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How do we test migrations?

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Test Migrations @get:Rule val helper: MigrationTestHelper = MigrationTestHelper( UserDatabase :: class.java, listOf( UserDatabase.RenameFromUserAddressToAddress() ), )

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Test Migrations @Test fun migrate1To2() { db = helper.createDatabase(TEST_DB, 1).apply { execSQL( """ INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, ‘User 1', ‘[email protected]') """.trimIndent() ) close() } }

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Test Migrations @Test fun migrate1To2() {   db = helper.runMigrationsAndValidate(TEST_DB, 2, true) }

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Test Migrations @Test fun migrate1To2() {   val resultCursor = db.query("SELECT * FROM users”) // Perform assertions }

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Problem ● Test migrations with unit tests

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Database Migrations JDBC SQLite Driver

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DB Tools Room for Android Test Room with databases Migration testing

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https: // github.com/jeffdcamp/dbtools-room

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Test Migrations class MigrationTest: BaseMigrationTest()

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Test Migrations val db = Room.databaseBuilder( ... ) .openHelperFactory(JdbcSQLiteOpenHelperFactory(…)) .build()

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Test Migrations fun testMigration(fromVersion: Int, toVersion: Int) { migrationTestExtension.createDatabase(name, fromVersion) migrationTestExtension.runMigrationsAndValidate( name, toVersion,   *migrations   ) }

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Problem ● Run only affected unit tests ● Creating snapshot with unit testing ● Unit testing database migrations

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Test Coverage Gradle Builds Database UI API

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Gradle Testing

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Problem ● Detect build regressions

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Gradle Profiler Change

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Gradle Profiler 1. Write a performance scenario 2. Specify number of iterations

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Gradle Profiler Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3

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Gradle Profiler Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3 Abi Change

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Gradle Profiler Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3 Result

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Performance Scenario incremental_build { apply-abi-change-to = “src/main/java/StringUtils.kt” }

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Performance Scenario incremental_build { apply-abi-change-to = “src/main/java/StringUtils.kt” apply-android-resource-change-to = “strings.xml” tasks = ["assemble"] }

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Gradle Profiler gradle-profiler —benchmark —iterations=10 —warmups=6

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Gradle Profiler Mean: 348 ms Min: 319 ms P25: 330 ms Median: 341 ms P75: 368 ms Std dev: 22.71 ms

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Gradle Profiler

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How do we automate profiling on CI?

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CI Pipeline Docker image with   Gradle Profiler

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CI Pipeline Docker image with   Gradle Profiler Performance   Scenarios

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CI Pipeline Docker image with   Gradle Profiler Performance   Scenarios Run   nightly

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Use Cases • Introducing Anvil

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Benchmarking Build • Benchmark with Anvil change • Benchmark without Anvil change (Baseline) • Compare results

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Results Module A Module B Module C Baseline Anvil

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Building Android Testing Infrastructure ● Automation Tools ● Building Infra pipelines ● Snapshot Testing ● Gradle Regressions

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Thank You! www.codingwithmohit.com @heyitsmohit