4つの観点から比較するRubyの型システム

by ippachi

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4ͭͷ؍఺͔Βൺֱ͢Δ RubyͷܕγεςϜ Fusic tech live 2021.06.15 ippachi 1

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ࣗݾ঺հ ിத Ұീ ippachi • I D • Githubɿippach i • Twitterɿ@ippachi101 8 • Lik e • Ruby/Vim/TDD/Architecture 2 image

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ࠓ೔࿩͢͜ͱ • ࣗݾ঺հ • ࠓ೔ͷൃදͰ࣋ͪؼͬͯ΋Β͏΋ͷ • ܕγεςϜͷ঺հ • ܕγεςϜͷൺֱ • ·ͱΊ 3

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01 ࠓ೔࣋ͪؼͬͯ΋Β͏΋ͷ

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Rubyͷಛ௃ • ಡΈ΍͍͢ • ॻ͖΍͍͢ • ϝλϓϩάϥϛϯά • ಈతܕ෇͚ݴޠ ← 5

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Ruby͸ಈతܕ෇͚ݴޠ Ͱ΋੩తܕཉ͍͠ͱ͖΋͋ΔΑͶ

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Ruby 3 with Type

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Ruby 3 with type • ܕϥΠϒϥϦ͕ެ͔ࣜΒఏڙ͞Ε·ͨ͠ • RB S • Ruby 2Ͱ΋࢖͑ΔΑ • ͚Ͳ࣮͸ܕγεςϜΛ࣮ݱͰ͖Δgemͬͯଞʹ΋͋ΔΜͰ͢ 8

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ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ঺հ͠·͢

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ຊεϥΠυʹ͓͚ΔܕγεςϜ • ੩తղੳͷͰ͖Δ΋ͷ ? • ಈతνΣοΫ΋ඞਢ ? • OOPʹ͓͚Δܕͷओཁͳશͯͷػೳ͕ඞཁ?(abstract, interface, fi nal ) • NO! 10

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ຊεϥΠυʹ͓͚ΔܕγεςϜ • ੩తղੳͷͰ͖Δ΋ͷˠܕγεςϜ ! • ಈతνΣοΫͷͰ͖Δ΋ͷˠܕγεςϜ ! • ͍͍ײ͡ʹิ׬Λग़͚ͩ͢ͷ΋ͷˠܕγεςϜ ! • ΏΔ͍ײ͡ 11

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ࠓ೔࣋ͪؼͬͯ΋Β͏΋ͷ • ֤ܕγεςϜͷ؆୯ͳಋೖํ๏ • ֤ܕγεςϜͷͬ͘͟Γͱͨ͠ҧ͍ • ܕγεςϜΛೖΕ͍ͨͱ͖ͷ൑அج४ 12

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02 ֤ܕγεςϜͷ঺հ

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ࠓ೔঺հ͢ΔܕγεςϜ • RBS (+ Steep ) • Sorbe t • Solargraph 14

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RBS

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RBS • Ruby 3ͱҰॹʹެ։͞Εͨެࣜͷ΋ͷ • Ruby 2Ͱ΋࢖͑Δ • ੩తղੳͷΈ • جຊతʹ͸steepͱҰॹʹ࢖༻͢Δ • ͳͷͰجຊతʹ͸͜ͷεϥΠυͰRBSΛݴٴ͍ͯ͠Δͱ͖͸ɺSteep΋ηοτͩͱࢥͬ ͍ͯͩ͘͞ 16

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ಋೖํ๏ - RBS • rbsͱsteepΛGem fi leʹ௥Ճ • steep init • Steep fi leΛฤू • steep check 17

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ಋೖํ๏ - RBS - Steepfileઃఆྫ 18

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ܕͷॻ͖ํ - RBS 19

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Language server - RBS • VS Cod e • steep-vscod e • Vi m • steep langserve r • ͍͍ײ͡ʹ X

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Language server - RBS - coc.nvimͷྫ X

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Sorbet

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Sorbet • Stripe͕ࣾࣾ಺Ͱ࢖͍ͬͯͨ΋ͷΛެ։ͨ͠ • C++੡ • Shopifyͱ͔΋࢖͍ͬͯΔ • ੩తղੳ & ಈతνΣοΫ 21

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ಋೖํ๏ - Sorbet • Gem fi leʹsorbetͱsorbet-runtimeΛ௥Ճ • srb ini t • srb tc 22

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Language server - Sorbet • VS Cod e • sorbet-ls p • Vi m • srb tc --enable-all-experimental-lsp-features —lsp • ͍͍ײ͡ʹ X

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Language server - Sorbet - coc.nvimͷྫ X

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ܕͷॻ͖ํ - Sorbet 23

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Solargraph

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Solargraph • ܕγεςϜͱ͍͏ΑΓLanguage serve r • ੩తղੳ • YARDΛύʔεͯ͠ܕΛղੳ͢Δ 25

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ಋೖํ๏ - Solargraph • Gem fi leʹsolargraphΛ௥Ճ • solargraph con fi g • solargraph typecheck 26

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ಋೖํ๏ - Sorbet - .solargraph.ymlͷઃఆྫ 27

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Language server - Solargraph • VS Cod e • Ruby solargraph • Vi m • ͍͍ײ͡ • coc.nvimͷ৔߹ :CocInstall coc-solargraph X

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ܕͷॻ͖ํ - Solargraph 28

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03 ֤ܕγεςϜͷൺֱ

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4ͭͷ؍఺Ͱൺֱ͍͖ͯ͠·͢

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ൺֱͷ؍఺ • طଘϓϩδΣΫτಋೖࢧԉ • ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτͷΘ͔Γ΍͢͞ • ܕͷදݱྗ • ΤσΟλࢧԉ 31

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͋͘·Ͱݸਓͷײ૝Ͱ͢ ଞͷਓ͕΍Δͱશ͘ҧ͏݁Ռʹ ͳΔՄೳੑ΋͋Γ·͢

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طଘϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷಋೖࢧԉ

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RBS >= Sorbet >= Solargraph

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طଘϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷಋೖࢧԉ - RBS • rbs prototype r b • ੩తղੳʹΑΓఆٛΛࣗಈੜ੒ • ୯७ͳ΋ͷҎ֎͸untype d • rbs prototype runtim e • ࣮ࡍʹrubyΛಈ͔ͯ͠ఆٛΛࣗಈੜ੒ • User.instance_method s • ΄΅શͯuntyped 35

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طଘϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷಋೖࢧԉ - RBS • typepro f • ੩తղੳʹΑΓఆٛΛࣗಈੜ੒ • ܕΛؤுͬͯਪ࿦͢Δ • prototype rbΑΓ΋ܕ͕ఆٛͰ͖Δ • ਫ਼౓͸·ͩߴ͘͸ͳ͍(Β͍͠ ) • ࢀߟ • https://pocke.hatenablog.com/entry/2020/12/18/230235 36

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طଘϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷಋೖࢧԉ - Sorbet • https://sorbet.org/docs/adoptin g • Αͼͩ͞Ε͍ͯΔϝιουΛఆٛ • ͓ͦΒ͘શͯuntype d • ࣗ෼Ͱ໌ࣔతॻ͘ͷ͕લఏͳͷͰࣗಈܕఆٛͷαϙʔτ͸ബ͍ • ϑΝΠϧຖͰܕͷϨϕϧΛઃఆͰ͖Δ 37

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طଘϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷಋೖࢧԉ - Solargraph • ͳʹ΋ͳ͠ • YARDΛॻ͍͍ͯΕ͹O K • ৔߹ʹΑͬͯ͸Ұ൪ָ͔΋ 38

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RBS >= Sorbet >= Solargraph

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ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτͷ෼͔Γ΍͢͞

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Sorbet > Solargraph >= RBS

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ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτͷ෼͔Γ΍͢͞ - RBS • https://github.com/ruby/rbs/blob/master/docs/syntax.m d • SteepϑΝΠϧͷॻ͖ํ͕Α͘෼͔Βͳ͍ • ͳΜͱͳ͘Ͱਪଌ͸Ͱ͖Δ • Ͳ͔ͬʹ͔͍ͯΔ͔΋͚ͩͲݟ෇͚Εͳ͔ͬͨ 42

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ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτͷ෼͔Γ΍͢͞ - Sorbet • https://sorbet.org/docs/overvie w • Πϯετʔϧํ๏ • طଘͷϓϩδΣΫτ΁ͷಋೖํ๏ • τϥϒϧγϡʔςΟϯά • FA Q • ΤϥʔϦϑΝϨϯε • จ๏ 43

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ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτͷ෼͔Γ΍͢͞ - Solargraph • ܕʹؔ͢ΔυΩϡϝϯτͷྔࣗମ͸গͳ͍ • YARDΛղऍ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊYARDͷࢿ࢈Λͦͷ··࢖͑Δ 44

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Sorbet > Solargraph >= RBS

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ܕγεςϜͱͯ͠ͷදݱྗ(ػೳ਺)

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Sorbet > RBS > Solargraph

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ܕγεςϜͱͯ͠ͷදݱྗ(ػೳ਺) 48 RBS Sorbet Solargraph Interface o o Abstract o o Final o Override checking o Overload o o Sealed o Union type o o o Intersection type o o Optional type o o o Record type o o Tuple type o o Proc type o o o Enum o

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ΤσΟλࢧԉ

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ΤσΟλࢧԉ - ൺֱํ๏ • Language serverͷ௨৴Λ֬ೝ • initializeͷϨεϙϯεͱɺregister capabilityͷϦΫΤετ • ஫) ͋ͬͯΔ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͰࢀߟఔ౓ʹଊ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞ • ࢖ͬͯΈͨײ͡ͱͯ͠ൺֱͷॱ൪͸มΘΒͳ͍ҹ৅Ͱ͢ 50

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Solargraph >= Sorbet > Steep

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ΤσΟλࢧԉ 52 Steep Sorbet Solargraph hover o o o completion o o o signature help o o definition o o o type definition o o references o o document highlight o o document symbol o o workspace symbol o o o code action o rename o o implementation o formatting o folding range o

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ͱ͍͏ײ͡Ͱ4ͭͷ؍఺͔Β ൺֱͯ͠Έ·ͨ͠

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04 ·ͱΊ

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݁ہͲΕ͕͍͍ͷ?

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ਖ਼ղ͸ͳ͍

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RBS(+ Steep)ΛબΜͩ΄͏͕͍͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ਓ • RubyͷެࣜϥΠϒϥϦ • ࢥ૝ͱͯ͠͸΍͸ΓܕΛͰ͖Δ͚ͩҙࣝ͠ͳ͍Ͱ͍͍ੈքΛ໨ࢦ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ • ·ͩ·ͩൃల్্ͳͷͰػೳͱͯ͠͸ෆ׬શʹײ͡Δ͚Ͳɺকདྷੑ΋͋ΔΑ ! • Rubyͷॻ͖ຯ͸ͦͷ··ʹܕͷԸܙΛड͚͍ͨ!͍ͬͯ͏ਓʹ͓͢͢Ί 57

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SorbetΛબΜͩ΄͏͕͍͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ਓ • Stripe͕࡞ͬͨ΍ͭ • ։ൃ͞Ε͔ͯΒ݁ߏܦͬͯΔͷͰ҆ఆ͍ͯ͠Δ • ͔ͬ͠ΓܕΛҙࣝͯ͠ॻ͖͍ͨ ! • interfaceࢦ޲Ͱ fi nal͔abstract͚ͩͷੈքΛ࡞Γ͍ͨ ! • (ࣗ෼͸SorbetΛ࢖͍ͬͯ·͢) 58

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SolargraphΛબΜͩ΄͏͕͍͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ਓ • ͱΓ͋͑ͣิ׬͕΄͍͠ΜͩΑͳ • YARDॻ͍ͯΔΜ͚ͩͲ͜ΕͰܕνΣοΫͰ͖ͳ͍ ? • ผϑΝΠϧʹॻ͘ͷ΋໘౗ͩ͠ɺsig͸ͳΜ͔޷͖ʹͳΕͳ͍ • Language server͕Ϧονͳ΋ͷ͕͍͍! 59