RailsのSystem specから 🎭Playwrightを使う

by Yusuke Iwaki

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

3BJMTͷ4ZTUFNTQFD͔Β 🎭1MBZXSJHIUΛ࢖͏ !:VTVLF*XBLJ ۜ࠲3BJMT

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

ຊ೔ͷ֓ཁ w 3BJMTͷTZTUFNTQFDʹ͍͓ͭͯ͞Β͍ w $BQZCBSBͱ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ֓ཁઆ໌ w 1MBZXSJHIUͱ3VCZΫϥΠΞϯτɾ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ঺հ ݸʑͷػೳ͸͋·Γઆ໌͠·ͤΜɻ ʮͳͥΘ͟Θ͟(FN࡞ͬͨͷ͔ʯʹ ϑΥʔΧεͯ͠આ໌͍͖ͯ͠·͢ʂ

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

ຊ೔ͷ֓ཁ w 3BJMTͷTZTUFNTQFDʹ͍͓ͭͯ͞Β͍ w $BQZCBSBͱ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ֓ཁઆ໌ w 1MBZXSJHIUͱ3VCZΫϥΠΞϯτɾ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ঺հ

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

TZTUFNTQFD w3BJMT͔Β࢖͑Δɻ w+BWB4DSJQUΛ;ΜͩΜʹ࢖ͬͨϖʔδͰ΋ɺ   'BDUPSZ#PU΍ϞοΫ͕ޮ͍ͨঢ়ଶͰɺ   ϒϥ΢βͱର޲ͤͯࣗ͞ಈࢼݧ $* Ͱ͖ΔεάϨϞϊ

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

8IZTZTUFNTQFD GPSN@GPSʜSFNPUFUSVF w "KBY௨৴ͰύʔγϟϧϏϡʔΛ΋Β͖ͬͯͯɺK2VFSZͰBQQFOEVQEBUF   ˠύʔγϟϧϏϡʔͷςετΛॻ͍ͨͱ͜ΖͰɺ   ɹύʔγϟϧϏϡʔ͕͸Ίࠐ·Εͨશମ͕ಈ͘ͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍ 8FCQBDLFS w 3FBDU΍7VFίϯϙʔωϯτΛz෦෼తʹz࢖༻͢Δύλʔϯ   ˠίϯϙʔωϯτͷ୯ମࢼݧ͕ॻ͚ͨͱͯ͠΋ɺ   ɹϖʔδશମ͕յΕ͍ͯͳ͍͔͸Θ͔Βͳ͍ɻ

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

&&ςετ 'FBUVSFTQFD ड͚ೖΕςετ 4ZTUFNTQFD

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

&&ςετ ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯͨ͠Βɺ μογϡϘʔυʹભҠ͠ɺ ૊৫ͷϢʔβͷΞϥʔτ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

&&ςετ 'FBUVSFTQFD ड͚ೖΕςετ 4ZTUFNTQFD ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯͨ͠Βɺ μογϡϘʔυʹભҠ͠ɺ ૊৫ͷϢʔβͷΞϥʔτ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ ʮ؅ཧऀʯʮ૊৫ʯʮΞϥʔτʯ͕ ͋Β͔͡Ί࡞ΒΕͨεςʔδϯά؀ڥ ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯ μογϡϘʔυͷදࣔ֬ೝ

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

&&ςετ 'FBUVSFTQFD ड͚ೖΕςετ 4ZTUFNTQFD ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯͨ͠Βɺ μογϡϘʔυʹભҠ͠ɺ ૊৫ͷϢʔβͷΞϥʔτ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ ʮ؅ཧऀʯʮ૊৫ʯʮΞϥʔτʯ͕ ͋Β͔͡Ί࡞ΒΕͨεςʔδϯά؀ڥ ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯ μογϡϘʔυͷදࣔ֬ೝ μογϡϘʔυͷදࣔ֬ೝ ʮ؅ཧऀʯʮ૊৫ʯʮΞϥʔτʯΛ 'BDUPSZ#PUͰ࡞੒ .PDLͰ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯঢ়ଶΛ࡞੒

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

&&ςετ 'FBUVSFTQFD ड͚ೖΕςετ 4ZTUFNTQFD ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯͨ͠Βɺ μογϡϘʔυʹભҠ͠ɺ ૊৫ͷϢʔβͷΞϥʔτ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ ʮ؅ཧऀʯʮ૊৫ʯʮΞϥʔτʯ͕ ͋Β͔͡Ί࡞ΒΕͨεςʔδϯά؀ڥ ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯ μογϡϘʔυͷදࣔ֬ೝ ඞཁͳσʔλΛ'BDUPSZ#PUͰ༻ҙ͢Δ

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

&&ςετ 'FBUVSFTQFD ड͚ೖΕςετ 4ZTUFNTQFD ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯͨ͠Βɺ μογϡϘʔυʹભҠ͠ɺ ૊৫ͷϢʔβͷΞϥʔτ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ ʮ؅ཧऀʯʮ૊৫ʯʮΞϥʔτʯ͕ ͋Β͔͡Ί࡞ΒΕͨεςʔδϯά؀ڥ ؅ཧऀϩάΠϯ μογϡϘʔυͷදࣔ֬ೝ ผ్DPOUSPMMFSTQFDͰ֬ೝ͢Δɻ TZTUFNTQFDͰ͸NPDL

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

&&ςετ 'FBUVSFTQFD 4ZTUFNTQFD ຊ౰ʹ֬ೝ͍ͨ͠ϙΠϯτΛߜΓɺ ҆ఆɾߴ଎ʹςετΛ͓͜ͳ͏ Ϣʔβ͕ߦ͏ૢ࡞Λ஧࣮ʹ࠶ݱ͢Δ

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

Ξϥʔτ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

'FBUVSFTQFD 4ZTUFNTQFD ຊ౰ʹ֬ೝ͍ͨ͠ϙΠϯτΛߜΓɺ ҆ఆɾߴ଎ʹςετΛ͓͜ͳ͏ Ϣʔβ͕ߦ͏ૢ࡞Λ஧࣮ʹ࠶ݱ͢Δ -PBEJOH͕ग़Δग़ͳ͍͸࣮૷౎߹ʹΑΔͷͰɺ Ϣʔβ͕࣮ࡍʹݟΔ෦෼ͷΈʹண໨ͯ͠ ʮΞϥʔτͷද͕ࣔग़Δ·Ͱ଴ͭʯ͚ͩͰ֬ೝ͢Δ ͷ͕ϕετϓϥΫςΟε -PBEJOH͕ग़Δ͜ͱ͸Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ ʮ-PBEJOH͕ফ͑Δ·Ͱ଴ͭʯʮը໘ભҠ͢Δ·Ͱ଴ͭʯ ͳͲ҉໧తͳBVUPXBJUΛݮΒͯ҆͠ఆੑΛߴΊΔ ͷ͕ϕετϓϥΫςΟε ඵ͔΋͠Εͳ͍͠ ඵ͔΋͠Εͳ͍

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

ຊ೔ͷ֓ཁ w 3BJMTͷTZTUFNTQFDʹ͍͓ͭͯ͞Β͍ w $BQZCBSBͱ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ֓ཁઆ໌ w 1MBZXSJHIUͱ3VCZΫϥΠΞϯτɾ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ঺հ

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

TZTUFNTQFDͷྫ $BQZCBSB͕ఏڙ͢ΔϝιουΛ࢖ͬͯ ϒϥ΢βΛࣗಈૢ࡞͢Δ

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

$BQZCBSB%4- ϒϥ΢βυΩϡϝϯτશମ $BQZCBSB4FTTJPO %0.ཁૉ $BQZCBSB/PEF&MFNFOU BMM fi STUBUUBDI@ fi MFUFYUDIFDLDIPPTFTDSPMM@UPTDSPMM@CZ DMJDL@MJOL@PS@CVUUPODMJDL@CVUUPODMJDL@MJOL fi MM@JO fi OE fi OE@BMM fi OE@CVUUPO fi OE@CZ fi fi fi OE@MJOL UJUMFCPEZIUNMTPVSDF DVSSFOU@VSMDVSSFOU@IPTUD FYFDVUF@TDSJQUFWBMVBUF@TDSJQU WJTJUSFGSFTI HP@CBDLHP@GPSXBSE TFOE@LFZTXJUIJOXJUIJO@FMFNFOUXJUIJO@ fi FMETFUXJUIJO@UBCMFXJUIJO@GSBNF TXJUDI@UP@GSBNFDVSSFOU@XJOEPXXJOEPXTPQFO@OFX@XJOEPXTXJUD XJUIJO@XJOEPXXJOEPX@PQFOFE@CZTBWF@QBHFTBWF@BOE@PQFO@QBHF TBWF@TDSFFOTIPUTBWF@BOE@PQFO@TDSFFOTIPUSFTFU@TFTTJPOSFTQP TUBUVT@DPEFDVSSFOU@TDPQF <>BMMPX@SFMPBEDIFDLFE DMJDLEJTBCMFE EPVCMF@DMJDL ESBH@UPESPQFWBMVBUF@BTZOD@TDSJQUFWBMVBUF@TDSJQU FYFDVUF@TDSJQU fl BTI IPWFSJOJUJBM@DBDIFJOTQFDUNVMUJQMF OBUJWF PCTDVSFE QBUISFBEPOMZ SFDUSFMPBESJHIU@DMJDLTDSPMM@UP TFMFDU@PQUJPOTFMFDUFE TFOE@LFZTTFUTUZMFUBH@OBNFUFYU USJHHFSVOTFMFDU@PQUJPOWBMVF WJTJCMF

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

$BQZCBSB%4-ͱυϥΠό ɾ$BQZCBSB4FTTJPO ɾ$BQZCBSB/PEF&MFNFOU $BQZCBSB%4- WJTJU DMJDL ʜ ૢ࡞಺༰Λهड़͢Δ͚ͩɻ ϒϥ΢βͷૢ࡞ํ๏͸஌Βͳ͍ɻ

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

$BQZCBSB%4-ͱυϥΠό ɾ$BQZCBSB4FTTJPO ɾ$BQZCBSB/PEF&MFNFOU $BQZCBSB%4- WJTJU DMJDL ʜ $BQZCBSBυϥΠό͕ ϒϥ΢βͷૢ࡞ํ๏Λఆٛ͢Δ

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

$BQZCBSB%4-ͱυϥΠό ɾ$BQZCBSB4FTTJPO ɾ$BQZCBSB/PEF&MFNFOU $BQZCBSB%4- WJTJU DMJDL ʜ TFMFOJVN DVQSJUF BQQBSJUJPO GFSSVN $BQZCBSB υϥΠό

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

$BQZCBSB%4-ͱυϥΠό ɾ$BQZCBSB4FTTJPO ɾ$BQZCBSB/PEF&MFNFOU $BQZCBSB%4- WJTJU DMJDL ʜ TFMFOJVN DVQSJUF BQQBSJUJPO GFSSVN $BQZCBSB υϥΠό

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

ओཁͳ$BQZCBSBυϥΠό 4FMFOJVN w 4FMFOJVN8FC%SJWFSΛར༻ͯ͠ϒϥ΢βΛࣗಈૢ࡞   ˢར༻ϒϥ΢β͝ͱʹɺผ్8FCυϥΠόʔΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δඞཁ͋Γ $VQSJUF w $ISPNF%FW5PPMT1SPUPDPMΛར༻ͨ͠'FSSVNͱ͍͏ϥΠϒϥϦΛར༻ͯ͠   &EHF΍$ISPNFΛࣗಈૢ࡞ "QQBSJUJPO w $%1Λ௚઀ར༻ͯ͠ɺ$ISPNFΛࣗಈૢ࡞ ɾɾɾ࣮࣭తʹσϑΝΫτελϯμʔυ

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

ͦ΋ͦ΋ 4FMFOJVNҎ֎ͷυϥΠό͸ ͳͥඞཁͳͷ͔ʁ🤔

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

:FU"OPUIFS$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷඞཁੑ 4FMFOJVNυϥΠόʹର͢Δෆຬ w ʮηοτΞοϓ͕໘౗ʯ΋ͬͱ؆୯ʹ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͍ͨ͠ $BQZCBSBࣗମͷػೳෆ଍ w ʮϖʔδભҠ͢Δ·Ͱ଴ͭʯʮ-PBEJOHද͕ࣔফ͑Δ·Ͱ଴ͭʯ   $BQZCBSB%4-Ͱ͸ॻ͚ͳ͍ͷͰɺυϥΠόಠࣗͷϝιουΛఏڙ͍ͨ͠ w ʮͳΜ͔Α͘Θ͔ΒΜ͚Ͳɺ࣌ʑςετ͕མͪΔʯ   %0.มߋݕ஌͕ෆ׬શͳͷͰɺΑΓมߋݕ஌ʹڧ͍ํ๏Λఏڙ͍ͨ͠

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

$BQZCBSB͸%0.มߋݕ஌͕ෆ׬શʁ w $BQZCBSBࣗମͷػೳෆ଍ w ʮϖʔδભҠ͢Δ·Ͱ଴ͭʯ   ʮಛఆͷཁૉ͕ݱΕΔ·Ͱফ͑Δ·Ͱ଴ͭʯ   ˢ$BQZCBSB%4-Ͱ͸ॻ͚ͳ͍ɻ   w ಺෦తʹϛϦඵͷϙʔϦϯά   ˠ%0.มߋݕ஌͕ෆ׬શɻ λΠϚʔΛ࢓ֻ͚ͯ ݺͼݩ͔Βࢦఆ͞Ε͓ͨ࢓ࣄΛ͢Δ ཁૉ͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ ɹλΠϚʔ͕੾Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨΒ ɹඵ଴͔ͬͯΒ ࠶౓ɺཁૉͷऔಘΛࢼΈͯ ϦτϥΠ͢Δ

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

:FU"OPUIFS$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷඞཁੑ ɾηοτΞοϓ໘౗ ɾ$BQZCBSB%4-Ͱॻ͚ͳ͍   ɹಠࣗػೳΛ࢖͍͍ͨ ɾ%0.มߋݕ஌͕ऑ͘ɺ   ɹςετ͕ෆ҆ఆ "QQBSJUJPO $VQSJUF

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

:FU"OPUIFS$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷඞཁੑ ɾηοτΞοϓ໘౗ ɾ$BQZCBSB%4-Ͱॻ͚ͳ͍   ɹಠࣗػೳΛఏڙ͍ͨ͠ ɾ%0.มߋݕ஌͕ऑ͘ɺ   ɹςετ͕ෆ҆ఆ "QQBSJUJPO $VQSJUF

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

ຊ೔ͷ֓ཁ w 3BJMTͷTZTUFNTQFDʹ͍͓ͭͯ͞Β͍ w $BQZCBSBͱ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ֓ཁઆ໌ w 1MBZXSJHIUͱ3VCZΫϥΠΞϯτɾ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ঺հ

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

8IBUJT1MBZXSJHIU w ݩ(PPHMF$ISPNFνʔϜ ݱϚΠΫϩιϑτͷΤϯδχΞ͕։ൃͨ͠   Φʔϓϯιʔεͷϒϥ΢βࣗಈૢ࡞πʔϧɻ

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

8IZ1MBZXSJHIU w ͋ΒΏΔγʔϯΛαϙʔτ w ௥ՃͷυϥΠόʔͳͲෆཁͰɺ   $ISPNF .4&EHF 'JSFGPY 4BGBSJΛࣗಈૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ w 8JOEPXT NBD04 -JOVYશରԠ w ϞόΠϧσόΠεͷΤϛϡϨʔγϣϯ w ϔουϨεʢը໘ͳ͠ʣϔουϑϧʢը໘͋Γʣ 👍 IUUQTQMBZXSJHIUEFWEPDTXIZQMBZXSJHIU͔ΒҾ༻ˍҰ෦ิ଍

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

8IZ1MBZXSJHIU w ଎ͯ͘ߴਫ਼౓ w "VUPXBJUJOHʹΑΓɺ   ɾ૝ఆͷ%0.ཁૉ͕ͨ·ͨ·ݱΕͳͯ͘΋ɺগ͠଴ͬͯ͘ΕΔ   ɾXBJU'PS4FMFDUPSΛ͍͍ͪͪॻ͔ͳͯ͘΋͍͍ w ωΠςΟϒͷϒϥ΢βΠϕϯτۦಈͰಈ࡞͢ΔͷͰɺ   ɾTMFFQͳͲ͕ෆཁ   ɹˠෆ҆ఆͳςετ͕ݮΒͤΔ w ϒϥ΢βࣗಈૢ࡞Λฒྻಈ࡞Մೳ 👍 👍 IUUQTQMBZXSJHIUEFWEPDTXIZQMBZXSJHIU͔ΒҾ༻ˍҰ෦ิ଍

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

࠶ܝ :FU"OPUIFS$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷඞཁੑ ɾηοτΞοϓ໘౗ ɾ$BQZCBSB%4-Ͱॻ͚ͳ͍   ɹಠࣗػೳΛఏڙ͍ͨ͠ ɾ%0.มߋݕ஌͕ऑ͘ɺ   ɹςετ͕ෆ҆ఆ "QQBSJUJPO $VQSJUF

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

࠶ܝ :FU"OPUIFS$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷඞཁੑ ɾηοτΞοϓ໘౗ ɾ$BQZCBSB%4-Ͱॻ͚ͳ͍   ɹಠࣗػೳΛఏڙ͍ͨ͠ ɾ%0.มߋݕ஌͕ऑ͘ɺ   ɹςετ͕ෆ҆ఆ "QQBSJUJPO $VQSJUF ͦΕɺ1MBZXSJHIUͳΒͰ͖ΔΑʂ 🎭 Playwright

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

ͱ͍͏ετʔϦʔʹ͢ΔͨΊʜ

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

(FN࡞Γ·ͨ͠

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

1MBZXSJHIU͸3VCZ͔Β࢖͑Δ 1MBZXSJHIUϦϦʔεϊʔτ͔ΒҾ༻ લճͷϦϦʔεͰ͸ɺ/PEF͕ͳ͍؀ڥͰ1MBZXSJHIUΛαϙʔτ͢ΔͨΊͷ಺෦ϓϩτίϧΛಋೖ͠·ͨ͠ɻ ͜ͷϓϩτίϧ͸ɺ1MBZXSJHIUGPS1ZUIPO΍αʔυύʔςΟͷ1MBZXSJHIU4IBSQɺ1MBZXSJHIUGPS(Pͷ࣮૷Ͱ طʹ࢖༻͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

1MBZXSJHIU͸3VCZ͔Β࢖͑Δʂ 1MBZXSJHIU αʔόʔ 1MBZXSJHIUΫϥΠΞϯτ QMBZXSJHIUQZUIPO QMBZXSJHIUTIBSQ QMBZXSJHIUKBWB 1MBZXSJHIU ϓϩτίϧ

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

1MBZXSJHIU͸3VCZ͔Β࢖͑Δʂ 1MBZXSJHIU αʔόʔ 1MBZXSJHIUΫϥΠΞϯτ QMBZXSJHIUQZUIPO QMBZXSJHIUTIBSQ QMBZXSJHIUKBWB 1MBZXSJHIU ϓϩτίϧ QMBZXSJHIUSVCZ DMJFOU 1MBZXSJHIUϓϩτίϧΛ͠Ό΂Δ3VCZΫϥΠΞϯτ Λ࡞Ε͹ɺ1MBZXSJHIUͷػೳ͕ར༻Ͱ͖Δʂ

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

QMBZXSJHIUSVCZDMJFOU

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

DBQZCBSBQMBZXSJHIUESJWFS ɾ$BQZCBSB4FTTJPO ɾ$BQZCBSB/PEF&MFNFOU $BQZCBSB%4- WJTJU DMJDL ʜ QPMUFSHFJTU TFMFOJVN $BQZCBSB υϥΠό QMBZXSJHIUTIBSQ DBQZCBSBQMBZXSJHIU ESJWFS

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

DBQZCBSBQMBZXSJHIUESJWFS IUUQTQMBZXSJHIUSVCZDMJFOUWFSDFMBQQEPDTBSUJDMFHVJEFTSBJMT@JOUFHSBUJPO ˢ͜Μͳ͔Μ͡Ͱ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόΛొ࿥ͨ͠ΒɺͨͿΜ࢖͑·͢ ˣυΩϡϝϯτɻʢগ͠ؤுͬͯॻ͖·ͨ͠ʣ

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

DBQZCBSBQMBZXSJHIUESJWFS IUUQTQMBZXSJHIUSVCZDMJFOUWFSDFMBQQEPDTBSUJDMFHVJEFTSBJMT@JOUFHSBUJPO ʮ࣌ʑམͪΔςετͱʹΒΊͬ͜ʯ ͔Βղ์͞Ε·͢ʢͨͿΜʣ

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

ຊ೔ͷ֓ཁ w 3BJMTͷTZTUFNTQFDʹ͍͓ͭͯ͞Β͍ w $BQZCBSBͱ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ֓ཁઆ໌ w 1MBZXSJHIUͱ3VCZΫϥΠΞϯτɾ$BQZCBSBυϥΠόͷ঺հ ׬

Slide 45

Slide 45 text

͓Ͷ͕͍ w ͪΌΜͱಈ͔͘͸Θ͔Γ·ͤΜ͕ɺͨͿΜಈ͘ͷͰɺ   TZTUFNTQFDΛӡ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔํ͸ͥͻ࢖ͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ w ʮ4FMFOJVNͩͱಈ͘ͷʹɺ1MBZXSJHIUͩͱಈ͔ͳ͍Αʯ   Έ͍ͨͳ࣮ӡ༻ϑΟʔυόοΫɺͥͻ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ w ʮ1MBZXSJHIUͷ˓˓ػೳ͕3BJMTͰ࢖͑ͨΒ࠷ߴ͡Όͳ͍ʁʯ   Έ͍ͨͳఏҊ΋ɺͥͻ͍ͩ͘͞ υΩϡϝϯτIUUQTQMBZXSJHIUSVCZDMJFOUWFSDFMBQQ *TTVFIUUQTHJUIVCDPN:VTVLF*XBLJQMBZXSJHIUSVCZDMJFOUJTTVFT

Slide 46

Slide 46 text

͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠