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Adam Onishi
Financial Times
@onishiweb
Planes, trains, and
CSS components
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FINANCIAL TIMES
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
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1. Unify front-end styles across the FT
2. Reduce time spent repeating work
@onishiweb
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Components!
@onishiweb
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http://registry.origami.ft.com/components
o-header
o-table o-card
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http://origami.ft.com/
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Building components
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
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1. Automobiles
2. Trains
3. Planes
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1. CSS
2. CSS Modules
3. Web Components
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The CSS way…
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The current way…
@onishiweb
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The Sass/LESS way
@onishiweb
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The BEM way
@onishiweb
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The SMACSS way
@onishiweb
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The OOCSS way
@onishiweb
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The Atomic CSS way
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
• Naming convention
• Namespacing
• Reduce specificity
• Easy to understand
• Require discipline
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The Origami way…
@onishiweb
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Specificity must be
minimised. Use BEM…
Origami spec
http://origami.ft.com/docs/syntax/scss/
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An example:
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
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-
This is an image caption
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o-gallery__figure
o-gallery__image
o-gallery__caption
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.o-gallery__figure {}
.o-gallery__figure__image {}
.o-gallery__figure__caption {}
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.o-gallery__figure {}
.o-gallery__figure__image {}
.o-gallery__figure__caption {}
// Better
.o-gallery__figure {}
.o-gallery__image {}
.o-gallery__caption {}
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.o-gallery__control {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: 30px;
height: 70px;
}
.o-gallery__control--left {
left: 0;
background-image: url(''), none;
}
.o-gallery__control--right {
right: 0;
background-image: url(''), none;
}
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this.controlLeft =
document.createElement('button');
this.controlLeft.className =
'o-gallery__control o-gallery__control--
left';
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Using Origami components
@onishiweb
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@import "o-assets/main";
@import "o-colors/main";
@import "o-icons/main";
@import "o-hoverable/main";
@import "o-gallery/main";
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require('o-date');
require('o-header');
require('o-gallery');
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Alice Bartlett
Origami Lead, Financial Times
@alicebartlett
Can’t you make it more like
Bootstrap?
Considerations for building front end systems
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What about HTML?
@onishiweb
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Customisation
@onishiweb
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/// General styling for the gallery
@mixin oGallery {
[...]
}
/// Styling for the gallery title
@mixin oGalleryTitle {
[...]
}
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The Cascade
@onishiweb
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The current Origami way…
@onishiweb
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1. CSS
2. CSS Modules
3. Web Components
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Remix culture
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
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The CSS Modules way…
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What is CSS Modules?
@onishiweb
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[CSS where] all class names
and animation names are
scoped locally by default
CSS Modules Spec
https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules
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.gallery {
}
.wrapper {
}
.content {
}
.slide {
}
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._gallery_1rsuk_1 {
}
._wrapper_1rsuk_7 {
}
._content_1rsuk_13 {
}
._slide_1rsuk_25 {
}
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Values and composes
@onishiweb
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@value primary: red;
.btn-primary {
background: white;
border: 1px solid primary;
color: primary;
}
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.btn-primary {
background: white;
border: 1px solid red;
color: red;
}
.btn-secondary {
composes: btn-primary;
border-color: blue;
color: blue;
}
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Truly component only CSS
@onishiweb
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Requires a build step
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
• Webpack
• Browserify
• Babel
• PostCSS
• JSPM
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An example:
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
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No more .html
@onishiweb
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-
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"
className('styles', 'image') %>"
'caption') %>"
This is an image caption
<%= className('styles', 'gallery') %>
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What about the JavaScript?
@onishiweb
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this.controlLeft =
document.createElement('button');
this.controlLeft.className =
className('styles', 'control-left');
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Great in a JavaScript world
@onishiweb
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Atomic CSS Modules
@onishiweb
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We decided to solve the main
Atomic CSS-related problems
using the power of CSS Modules,
getting all the benefits of both
solutions.
Michele Bertoli
https://medium.com/yplan-eng/atomic-css-modules-cb44d5993b27#.p7jtpneoh
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Is Origami going to use
CSS Modules?
@onishiweb
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No.
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First Class Styles
- Mark Dalgleish
Front Trends 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmtgJ1d4zuY
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The alternative way…
@onishiweb
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Delayed
1. Automobiles
2. Trains
3.
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1. CSS
2. CSS Modules
3. Web Components
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The Web Components way…
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Create your own
elements and
encapsulate their CSS
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@onishiweb
But what does that mean‽
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-
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Warning!
New specifications and lots
of code coming up
@onishiweb
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Custom Elements
@onishiweb
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customElements.define('o-gallery', …);
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class OGallery extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
[...]
}
[...]
}
customElements.define('o-gallery', OGallery);
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class OGallery extends HTMLElement {
connectedCallback() {
[...]
}
}
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const oGallery =
document.createElement('o-gallery');
// Show the next slide
oGallery.nextSlide();
// Show the previous slide
oGallery.previousSlide();
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Shadow DOM
@onishiweb
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This is where things get
spooky and weird!
Soledad Penades
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vWgJ7w3hu0
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@onishiweb
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Creating a Shadow DOM
@onishiweb
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constructor() {
super();
const shadow = this.attachShadow({
mode: 'open'
});
}
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Populating Shadow DOM
@onishiweb
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Templates
@onishiweb
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// Attaches a shadow Root to your element
const shadowRoot = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
// Get the custom template, clone it
const template = document.querySelector('#o-gallery');
const clone = this.importNode(template, true);
// Insert it into our shadow DOM
shadowRoot.appendChild(clone);
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Slots
@onishiweb
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#shadow-root
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Styling web components
@onishiweb
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:host {
background-color: #333;
}
#slide {
margin: 0;
}
img {
display: block;
}
.caption {
color: #fff;
}
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Fully encapsulated styles
@onishiweb
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Shadow Boundary
@onishiweb
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::host
@onishiweb
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::host {
background-color: #333;
}
::host(.theme—light) {
background-color: #fff1e0;
}
::host(:hover) {
/* hover styles */
}
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::host-context
@onishiweb
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::host-context(.theme-reverse) {
background-color: #fff1e0;
}
::host-context(.streams) {
/* styles */
}
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::slotted
@onishiweb
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::slotted(img) {
display: block;
margin: 0;
}
::slotted(figcaption) {
font-style: italic;
margin: 10px 0;
}
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@onishiweb
Shadow Host
Shadow Root
Shadow Boundary
Slots
Light DOM
Shadow DOM
Composed DOM
Shadow Tree
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Customising
Web Components
@onishiweb
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CSS Custom properties
@onishiweb
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/* product CSS */
--caption-color: #fff1e0;
/* Component styles */
.caption {
color: var(--caption-color, white);
}
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CSS Mixins
@onishiweb
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.caption {
--caption-styles: {
color: red;
font-size: 14px;
};
}
.caption {
@apply(--caption-styles);
}
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Do I need to use every one
of the specifications?
@onishiweb
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No
@onishiweb
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What about Progressive
Enhancement?
@onishiweb
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Everything is JavaScript
@onishiweb
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::defined
@onishiweb
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o-gallery:not(:defined) {
display: block;
}
o-gallery:not(:defined) img {
display: none;
}
o-gallery:not(:defined) img:first-child {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
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Extending native elements
@onishiweb
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Press me!
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Apple objects to
extending subclasses of
HTMLElement using is=
Ryosuke Niwa
https://github.com/w3c/webcomponents/issues/509#issuecomment-222860736
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Let a button be a button!
@onishiweb
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https://github.com/webcomponents/gold-standard/wiki
The Web Components
Gold Standard
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This will make sure
accessibility is better too!
@onishiweb
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What this means
for Origami
@onishiweb
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A lot more
design opinionated
@onishiweb
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We can offer markup too…
@onishiweb
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https://github.com/Polymer/vulcanize
Bundling HTML imports
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HTTP/2?
@onishiweb
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A lot more work to do
@onishiweb
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Using Web Components today
@onishiweb
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The road to v1…
@onishiweb
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Polyfill
@onishiweb
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Libraries
@onishiweb
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@onishiweb
• Polymer
• x-tag
• Bosonic
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Beware!
Here be dragons…
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http://webcomponents.org/
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https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/primers/customelements/
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https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/primers/customelements/
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Web Components
are here!
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Almost…
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Honestly, like
really close…
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1. Automobiles
2. Trains
3. Planes
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1. CSS
2. CSS Modules
3. Web Components
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Adam Onishi
Financial Times
@onishiweb
Thank you!