HTTPとASGI Webサーバの関係

by Junya Fukuda

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HTTP/ とASGI Webサーバの関係 Junya Fukuda Python Charity Talks in Japan 2021.02 - Hypercornを例に 2

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HTTP/ とASGI Webサーバの関係 Junya Fukuda Python Charity Talks in Japan 2021.02 - Hypercornを例に 3🤔

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•෱ా ൏໵ʢJunya Fukudaʣʢ@JunyaFffʣ •גࣜձࣾ೔ຊγεςϜٕݚʢJSLʣॴଐ ௕໺ݝͷձࣾ •GEEKLAB.NAGANO - ίϛϡχςΟεϖʔεӡӦ •Effective Python ͷಡॻձ΍ͬͯ·͢ʙ •ʢ͓͠͝ͱͰʣόϦϡʔϒοΫε •ຊ޷͖ʹѪ͞ΕΔαʔϏεΛ໨ࢦͯ͠ʢݹຊങऔɾൢചʣ ΪʔΫϥϘ௕໺ಡॻձ

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本流 •ASGIͬͯͳʹʁ •HTTP/2ͬͯͳʹʁ •Hypercorn×FastAPIͰετϦʔϜ •Hypercorn×FastAPIΛ࢖ͬͨHTTP/1.1 HTTP/2ੑೳଌఆ

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本流 •ASGIͬͯͳʹʁ •HTTP/2ͬͯͳʹʁ •Hypercorn×FastAPIͰετϦʔϜ •Hypercorn×FastAPIΛ࢖ͬͨHTTP/1.1 HTTP/2ੑೳଌఆ •HTTP/3ͱPython

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Python Web で HTTP/2を意識したことありますか？

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•HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍

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•HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍ •ϩʔυόϥϯαʔ ͷ಺ଆ͸HTTP/1.1Ͱे෼

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•HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍ •ϩʔυόϥϯαʔ ͷ಺ଆ͸HTTP/1.1Ͱे෼ •ʢPure Python ͷWebαʔόͳΜͯʣ

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•HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍ •ϩʔυόϥϯαʔ ͷ಺ଆ͸HTTP/1.1Ͱे෼ •ͦΜͳͳ͔ɺASGIͱHypercornͱग़ձͬͨ •Python WebͰHTTP/2ʹ͢Δͱͳʹ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •ʢPure Python ͷWebαʔόͳΜͯʣ

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ASGIってなに？

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ASGI •Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface ͷུ •WSGIͷޙܧ •WebαʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ࢓༷

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ASGI •Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface ͷུ •Webαʔό͕ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ async/await ʹରԠ •WSGIͷޙܧ •WebαʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ࢓༷

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ASGI •Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface ͷུ •Webαʔό͕ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ async/await ʹରԠ •WSGIͷޙܧ •WebαʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ࢓༷ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwG5EWKu8nw ASGIʢඇಉظαʔόήʔτ΢ΣΠΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʣͷ֓ཁ (Junya Fukuda) [PyCon JP 2020]

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ASGI •୅දతͳASGIؔ࿈ͷαʔόͱϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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HTTP/2ってなに？

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HTTP/2 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷

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HTTP/2 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷

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HTTP/2 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷

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HTTP/2 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷ IUUQTHSPVQTHPPHMFDPNBDISPNJVNPSHHCMJOLEFWD,S:-WN26#:NW08#,;(P"2"+ QMJ *OUFOUUP3FNPWF)551BOEH26*$TFSWFSQVTI

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HTTP/2 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷

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HTTP/2 •ετϦʔϜ

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HTTP/2 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊

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HTTP/2 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/̍.1ͷϦΫΤετ-Ϩεϙ ϯε͸ɺৗʹॱ൪Λอͪಉظత ʹߦΘΕΔඞཁ͕͋Δ

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/̍.1ͷϦΫΤετ-Ϩεϙ ϯε͸ɺৗʹॱ൪Λอͪಉظత ʹߦΘΕΔඞཁ͕͋Δ WebγεςϜͰ͸ ը໘දࣔ࣌ʹ80ϦΫΤετ

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HTTP/2 ‣ ྫ͑͹օ͞Μ͕࢖͍ͬͯΔGmail

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ TCP × 6ຊ

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HTTP/2 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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HTTP/2 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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HTTP/2 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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HTTP/2 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ 1ͭͷTCPͷίωΫγϣϯͷதͰॱ൪଴ͪΛ͢Δ͜ͱͳ͘ɺฒྻʹॲཧ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ฒྻʹॲཧ

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HTTP/2 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ฒྻʹॲཧ ‣ 1ͭͷTCPͷίωΫγϣϯͷதͰॱ൪଴ͪΛ͢Δ͜ͱͳ͘ɺฒྻʹॲཧ

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HTTP/2 対応 ASGI Web Server •ASGI Web ServerͷҰཡ Daphne Mangum IUUQTHJUIVCDPN fl PSJNPOENBODBBXFTPNFBTHJ

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HTTP/2 対応 ASGI Web Server •ASGI Web ServerͷҰཡ Daphne Mangum IUUQTHJUIVCDPN fl PSJNPOENBODBBXFTPNFBTHJ

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HTTP/2 対応 ASGI Web Server •ASGI WebServer ͱ͍͑͹ Uvicorn •·ͩHTTP/2ະରԠ ʢରԠ༧ఆ͋Γʣ Uvicorn currently supports HTTP/1.1 and WebSockets. Support for HTTP/2 is planned. Uvicorn͸ݱࡏɺHTTP/1.1ͱWebSocketsΛαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ HTTP/2ͷαϙʔτ͕༧ఆ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ IUUQTXXXVWJDPSOPSH

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HTTP/2 対応 ASGI Web Server •ASGI࢓༷ͷରԠঢ়گ Framework HTTP WebSockets Server Push WebSocket HTTP Hypercorn 1 ○ 2 ○ 1 ○ 2 ○ ○ ○ Uvicorn 1 ○ 2 × 1 ○ 2 × × × Daphne 1 ○ 2 ○ 1 ○ 2 × × × Mangum 1 ○ 2 × 1 ○ 2 × × ×

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HTTP/2 対応 ASGI Web Server •ϋΠύʔίʔϯͱಡΈ·͢ •WSGI Web αʔόͷGunicornʹΠϯεύΠΞ͞Ε͍ͯΔ •HTTP / 1ɺHTTP / 2ɺWebSocketʢHTTP / 1͓ΑͼHTTP / 2ܦ༝ʣαϙʔτ •worker ͷλΠϓʹ asyncio,uvloop,trio ΛࢦఆՄೳ •worker ਺ΛࢦఆՄೳ

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本 HTTP/2 使道 •HTTP/2αʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϦΫΤετɾϨεϙϯεʹண໨ •੩తϑΝΠϧͷ഑৴͸ผͰɻΦϒδΣΫτετϨʔδ΍CDNͰ

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本 HTTP/2 使道 ೥୅ͷίϯςφ࣌୅ͷ1ZUIPOΞʔΩςΫνϟσϓϩΠ TIJCVLBXB <1Z$PO+1> IUUQTXXXZPVUVCFDPNXBUDI W0Y3O%-6OP*TUBSU •HTTP/2αʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϦΫΤετɾϨεϙϯεʹண໨ •੩తϑΝΠϧͷ഑৴͸ผͰɻΦϒδΣΫτετϨʔδ΍CDNͰ

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Hypercornを例にストリーム（多重化）を

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Hypercorn •؆୯ͳWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛHypercornͰಈ͔͢ •ϒϥ΢β͔ΒJavascriptͰΞΫηε •WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷίʔυ͸ಉ͡ •HTTP/1.1ͱHTTP/2ͷҧ͍ΛɺΈͯΈ·͠ΐ͏

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؀ڥ •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ Hypercorn

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؀ڥ •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ Hypercorn

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処理 @app.get("/message/{id}") async def get_message(id:str): await asyncio.sleep(3) return {"text": f"spam, egg, spam and spam!, {id}!"}

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処理 requestButton.onclick = async function() { result = []; for (let i = 0; i < 24; i++) { result.push(fetch(`/message/${i}/`)); } await Promise.all(result); }

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HTTP/1.1 場合

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HTTP/1.1 場合

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HTTP/1.1 場合

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HTTP/1.1 場合 TFDˎຊ

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HTTP/1.1 場合 TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ

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HTTP/1.1 場合 TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ

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HTTP/1.1 場合 TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ

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HTTP/1.1 場合 TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ τʔλϧTFD

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HTTP/2 場合

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HTTP/2 場合

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HTTP/2 場合 TFDˎຊ

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HTTP/2 場合 TFDˎຊ τʔλϧTFD

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HTTP/2とHTTP/１.1 性能を⽐較

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •࣮ߦ؀ڥ͸ϩʔΧϧϚγϯ •ࢦඪ͸ɺॲཧͷऴྃ·Ͱʹ͔͔ͬͨ࣌ؒʗ1ඵ͋ͨΓʹࡹ͚ΔϦΫΤετ਺ •ੑೳଌఆπʔϧͱͯ͠ɺh2load ίϚϯυΛ࢖༻͢Δ •؆୯ͳWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛHypercornͰಈ͔͢

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 αʔό HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 αʔό HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ

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ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ؀ڥ •Macbook Pro •2.6 GHz 6ίΞ Intel Core i7 •ϝϞϦ 16GB HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •h2load ίϚϯυ Φϓγϣϯ ҙຯ -n ૯ϦΫΤετ਺ -c ΫϥΠΞϯτ਺ɻಉ࣌ΞΫηε਺ -p ϓϩτίϧʢࣗಈ൑ผʣ •h2load -c 100 -n 10000 https://127.0.0.1:8000/query

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ҎԼ3ͭ৚݅ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ҎԼ3ͭ৚݅ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000 ࢦඪ •ॲཧͷऴྃ·Ͱʹ͔͔ͬͨ࣌ؒ •1ඵ͋ͨΓͷॲཧͨ͠ϦΫΤετ਺

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ҎԼ3ͭ৚݅ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000 ࢦඪ •ॲཧͷऴྃ·Ͱʹ͔͔ͬͨ࣌ؒ •1ඵ͋ͨΓͷॲཧͨ͠ϦΫΤετ਺ → ୹͍ͱྑ͍ → ଟ͍ͱྑ͍

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 ϦΫΤετ [s]

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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🤔

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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🤔

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HTTP/2 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తʹͨ͠࢓༷

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HTTP/2 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తʹͨ͠࢓༷

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •h2load — help Max concurrent streams to issue per session. When http/1.1 is used, this speci fi es the number of HTTP pipelining requests in- fl ight. ηογϣϯ͝ͱʹൃߦ͢Δ࠷େಉ࣌ετϦʔϜ਺ɻ http/1.1 Λ࢖༻͢Δ৔߹ɺ HTTP ύΠϓϥΠϯϦΫΤετ ͷ਺Λࢦఆ͠·͢ɻ -m, --max-concurrent-streams=

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5 ϦΫΤετ [s]

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5 ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000, ετϦʔϜ 5 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000, ετϦʔϜ 5 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ⽐較 ετϦʔϜͳ͠ ετϦʔϜ͋Γ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000, ετϦʔϜ 5 ετϦʔϜͳ͠ ετϦʔϜ͋Γ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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•ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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•WebαΠτ΁ͷ1ճͷΞΫηεͰɺෳ਺ճαʔό΁ϦΫΤετΛ৔߹ •ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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→ γεςϜ؂ࢹμογϡϘʔυ •WebαΠτ΁ͷ1ճͷΞΫηεͰɺෳ਺ճαʔό΁ϦΫΤετΛ৔߹ → ϦΞϧλΠϜσʔλ → νϟοτΞϓϦ •ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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→ γεςϜ؂ࢹμογϡϘʔυ •WebαΠτ΁ͷ1ճͷΞΫηεͰɺෳ਺ճαʔό΁ϦΫΤετΛ৔߹ → ϦΞϧλΠϜσʔλ → νϟοτΞϓϦ •طଘͷαΠτͰܧ͗଍͠ܧ͗଍͠ʹͳͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔ৔߹ʢ΍Ήͳ͘ʣ •ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •HTTP/2ͷWebserver Hypercorn ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ଎౓վળ͕ΈΒΕΔ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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•HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ •HTTP/2ͷWebserver Hypercorn ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ଎౓վળ͕ΈΒΕΔ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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•AWSͰσϓϩΠ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹ •ALB ʹ ಺ଆ͸HTTP/2 ະରԠͷͨΊɺHTTP/̍.1 ϒϥ΢β ALB Web Server Web FW )551 )551 84(*"4(*

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•AWSͰσϓϩΠ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹ •ALB ʹ ಺ଆ͸HTTP/2 ະରԠͷͨΊɺHTTP/̍.1 •NLB ʹ 2020೥6݄ʹ಺ଆHTTP/2ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ ϒϥ΢β Ϧόʔε ϓϩΩγ Hyper corn Web FW )551 )551 "4(* IUUQTBXTBNB[PODPNKQBCPVUBXTXIBUTOFXOFUXPSLMPBECBMBODFSOPXTVQQPSUTUMTBMQOQPMJDJFT

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２ •WSGIΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ৔߹ •HypercornʢASGI Webαʔό͸WSGIରԠ͍ͯ͠·͢ʣͰσϓϩΠՄೳ •ࢼͯ͠ΈΔՁ஋͕͋Δ͔΋ʂʁ •Django 2ܥ - wsgi.pyΛϥοϓ͢Δ͚ͩ from hypercorn.middleware import AsyncioWSGIMiddleware import sampleproject.wsgi as wsgi_app asyncio_app = AsyncioWSGIMiddleware(wsgi_app.application) https://github.com/jrfk/django2-hypercorn

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選択肢 •GunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •GunicornˎmeinheldˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •celeryˎGunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •UvicornˎASGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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選択肢 •GunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •GunicornˎmeinheldˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •celeryˎGunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •UvicornˎASGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •HypercornˎASGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ/WSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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参考資料 •How to serve HTTP/2 using Python IUUQTNFEJVNDPNQZUIPOQBOEFNPOJVNIPXUPTFSWFIUUQVTJOHQZUIPOFCCEF ff •HTTP/1 should die IUUQTNFEJVNDPN!QHKPOFTIUUQTIPVMEEJFCEF •Hypercorn IUUQTQHKPOFTHJUMBCJPIZQFSDPSOJOEFYIUNM •jrfk / fastapi-hypercorn_Performance-measurement IUUQTHJUIVCDPNKSGLGBTUBQJIZQFSDPSO@1FSGPSNBODFNFBTVSFNFOU

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HTTP/ とASGI Webサーバの関係 Junya Fukuda Python Charity Talks in Japan 2021.02 - Hypercornを例に 2

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HTTP/ とASGI Webサーバの関係 Junya Fukuda Python Charity Talks in Japan 2021.02 - Hypercornを例に 3🎉

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HTTP/3とPython

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔ HTTP/1.0 HTTP/2 1990 2000 2010 HTTP/0.9 HTTP/1.1 1997 1999 2015

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔ HTTP/1.0 HTTP/2 1990 2000 2010 2021 HTTP/0.9 HTTP/1.1 1997 1999 2015

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔ HTTP/1.0 HTTP/2 1990 2000 2010 2021 HTTP/0.9 HTTP/1.1 1997 1999 2015 HTTP/3 QUIC

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔ •ͦΕ͸΋ͪΖΜɺHTTP/2ʹ΋՝୊͕͔͋ͬͨΒ

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔ •ͦΕ͸΋ͪΖΜɺHTTP/2ʹ΋՝୊͕͔͋ͬͨΒ •՝୊…ͦΕ͸…

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔ •ͦΕ͸΋ͪΖΜɺHTTP/2ʹ΋՝୊͕͔͋ͬͨΒ •՝୊... 🙏

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HTTP/3 •HTTP/2ʹ͙࣍৽͍͠HTTPͷن֨ •TCP→UDPʹ QUIC - UDPͷసૹϓϩτίϧ •HTTP/2 ͔Β5೥ ͳͥͰͰ͖ͯͨͷ͔ •ͦΕ͸΋ͪΖΜɺHTTP/2ʹ΋՝୊͕͔͋ͬͨΒ •՝୊... 🙏 HTTP/3 explained - https://http3-explained.haxx.se/ja - ʢ೔ຊޠ 🎉ʣ

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HTTP/3 現在 •IETF QUIC WGͰٞ࿦ → ͍Α͍Α RFC ΁

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HTTP/3 現在 •IETF QUIC WGͰٞ࿦ → ͍Α͍Α RFC ΁ •ͦͯ͠…

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HTTP/3 現在 •IETF QUIC WGͰٞ࿦ → ͍Α͍Α RFC ΁ •ͦͯ͠… •2021೥2݄18೔ 16:06 (UTC)

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HTTP/3 現在 IUUQTNBJMBSDIJWFJFUGPSHBSDINTHJFUGBOOPVODFQWHCH,MX7'D-.1R-FJNC'[H

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HTTP/3 現在 IUUQTNBJMBSDIJWFJFUGPSHBSDINTHJFUGBOOPVODFQWHCH,MX7'D-.1R-FJNC'[H

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HTTP/3 現在 IETFʹঝೝ͞Ε·ͨ͠ 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉

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HTTP/3 現在 •IETF QUIC WGͰٞ࿦ → ͍Α͍Α RFC ΁ •HTTP/3 QUIC ঝೝ •RFC ൃߦ४උஈ֊ - ผͷHTTPηϚϯςΟΫε࢓༷ʹґଘ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊ •࣮ͦͯ͠૷΁…

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HTTP/3 Python •quicwg ͷ GithubϦϙδτϦ Wiki - Implementations

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HTTP/3 Python •quicwg ͷ GithubϦϙδτϦ Wiki - Implementations •aioquic - QUIC implementation using Python and asyncio.

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HTTP/3 Python •quicwg ͷ GithubϦϙδτϦ Wiki - Implementations •aioquic - QUIC implementation using Python and asyncio. •ASGI͸… HTTP/3 ʹؔͯ͠ͷϊʔλον

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HTTP/3 Python •quicwg ͷ GithubϦϙδτϦ Wiki - Implementations •aioquic - QUIC implementation using Python and asyncio. •ASGI͸… HTTP/3 ʹؔͯ͠ͷϊʔλον ͕͔ͩ͠͠…

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HTTP/3 Python •quicwg ͷ GithubϦϙδτϦ Wiki - Implementations •aioquic - QUIC implementation using Python and asyncio. •ASGI͸… HTTP/3 ʹؔͯ͠ͷϊʔλον ͕͔ͩ͠͠…

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HTTP/3 Python •quicwg ͷ GithubϦϙδτϦ Wiki - Implementations •aioquic - QUIC implementation using Python and asyncio. •ASGI͸… HTTP/3 ʹؔͯ͠ͷϊʔλον ͕͔ͩ͠͠… Hypercorn can optionally serve the current draft of the HTTP/3 speci fi cation using the aioquic library.

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Hypercorn aioquic •ಈ͔͢લʹͲ͏ಈ͍͍ͯͨΒਖ਼͍͠ͷ͔ h3spec

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Hypercorn aioquic •ಈ͔͢લʹͲ͏ಈ͍͍ͯͨΒਖ਼͍͠ͷ͔ •http/2ʹ͸ h2spec ͱ͍͏πʔϧ͕͋Γ - moto ishizawa h3spec

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Hypercorn aioquic •ಈ͔͢લʹͲ͏ಈ͍͍ͯͨΒਖ਼͍͠ͷ͔ •http/2ʹ͸ h2spec ͱ͍͏πʔϧ͕͋Γ - moto ishizawa h3spec •http/3ʹ͸ h3spec ͱ͍͏πʔϧ͕͋Γʂ

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Hypercorn aioquic •ಈ͔͢લʹͲ͏ಈ͍͍ͯͨΒਖ਼͍͠ͷ͔ •http/2ʹ͸ h2spec ͱ͍͏πʔϧ͕͋Γ - moto ishizawa h3spec •http/3ʹ͸ h3spec ͱ͍͏πʔϧ͕͋Γʂ •h3spec Ͱద߹ੑΛνΣοΫʂ

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Hypercorn aioquic •४උ 🍽 h3spec

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Hypercorn aioquic •४උ 🍽 h3spec w1ZUIPO wQJQJOTUBMM`IZQFSDPSO` w44-ূ໌ॻ wTBNQMFBQQGBTUBQJlIFMMPXPSMEz wITQFD wDISPNJVN 🌽

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Hypercorn aioquic •४උ 🍽 h3spec w1ZUIPO wQJQJOTUBMM`IZQFSDPSO` w44-ূ໌ॻ wTBNQMFBQQGBTUBQJlIFMMPXPSMEz wITQFD wDISPNJVN 🌽 ͍͍ͩͨ͜Μͳײ͡Ͱ͢ʢ֮͑ͳ͍͍ͯ͘Ͱ͢ʣ

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Hypercorn aioquic Ͱ͸࣮ࡍʹಈ͔ͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ h3spec w IZQFSDPSORVJDCJOEMPDBMIPTUDFSU fi MFDFSUQFNLFZ fi MF LFZQFNCJOEMPDBMIPTUTJNQMFGBTUBQJBQQ

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Hypercorn aioquic Ͱ͸࣮ࡍʹಈ͔ͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ h3spec w IZQFSDPSORVJDCJOEMPDBMIPTUDFSU fi MFDFSUQFNLFZ fi MF LFZQFNCJOEMPDBMIPTUTJNQMFGBTUBQJBQQ w ଓ͍ͯITQFDͰ͢

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Hypercorn aioquic Ͱ͸࣮ࡍʹಈ͔ͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ h3spec

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Hypercorn aioquic Ͱ͸࣮ࡍʹಈ͔ͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ h3spec w IZQFSDPSORVJDCJOEMPDBMIPTUDFSU fi MFDFSUQFNLFZ fi MF LFZQFNCJOEMPDBMIPTUTJNQMFGBTUBQJBQQ w ଓ͍ͯITQFDͰ͢ w ਅͬ੺Ͱͨ͠ʜ

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Hypercorn aioquic Ͱ͸࣮ࡍʹಈ͔ͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ h3spec w IZQFSDPSORVJDCJOEMPDBMIPTUDFSU fi MFDFSUQFNLFZ fi MF LFZQFNCJOEMPDBMIPTUTJNQMFGBTUBQJBQQ w ଓ͍ͯITQFDͰ͢ w ਅͬ੺Ͱͨ͠ʜ w )ZQFSDPSOͰ࢖༻͍ͯ͠ΔBJPRVJDͰ΋ಉ༷ʹਅͬ੺Ͱͨ͠

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- HTTP/3 Python実装現状 •Python HTTP/3͸͜Ε͔Βʂ

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- HTTP/3 Python実装現状 •Python HTTP/3͸͜Ε͔Βʂ •pythonͷasyncioʹ͸τϥϯεϙʔτ૚ʢUDP΋ʣΛѻ͏API͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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- HTTP/3 Python実装現状 •Python HTTP/3͸͜Ε͔Βʂ •pythonͷasyncioʹ͸τϥϯεϙʔτ૚ʢUDP΋ʣΛѻ͏API͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ •ASGIͰ͸HTTP/3 QUICͰ͸ٞ࿦͸࢝·͍ͬͯ·ͤΜ͕ɺ

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- HTTP/3 Python実装現状 •Python HTTP/3͸͜Ε͔Βʂ •pythonͷasyncioʹ͸τϥϯεϙʔτ૚ʢUDP΋ʣΛѻ͏API͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ •HTTP/3 QUICͱasyncioͰASGIΛ͞ΒʹҰาઌ΁ •ASGIͰ͸HTTP/3 QUICͰ͸ٞ࿦͸࢝·͍ͬͯ·ͤΜ͕ɺ

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- HTTP/3 Python実装現状 •Python HTTP/3͸͜Ε͔Βʂ •pythonͷasyncioʹ͸τϥϯεϙʔτ૚ʢUDP΋ʣΛѻ͏API͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ •HTTP/3 QUICͱasyncioͰASGIΛ͞ΒʹҰาઌ΁ •ASGIͰ͸HTTP/3 QUICͰ͸ٞ࿦͸࢝·͍ͬͯ·ͤΜ͕ɺ •·ͣ͸Ұาͣͭ

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- HTTP/3 Python実装現状 •Python HTTP/3͸͜Ε͔Βʂ •pythonͷasyncioʹ͸τϥϯεϙʔτ૚ʢUDP΋ʣΛѻ͏API͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ •Hypercorn΋aioquic΋։ൃ͸׆ൃ •HTTP/3 QUICͱasyncioͰASGIΛ͞ΒʹҰาઌ΁ •ASGIͰ͸HTTP/3 QUICͰ͸ٞ࿦͸࢝·͍ͬͯ·ͤΜ͕ɺ •·ͣ͸Ұาͣͭ

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参考資料 •HTTP/3 explained IUUQTIUUQFYQMBJOFEIBYYTFKB •Fastly : Making the Web faster with HTTP/3 - kazuho oku 8FCΛՃ଎͢Δ)551 •http3-note IUUQTHJUIVCDPN fl BOPZVLJIUUQOPUF •Playing with QUIC - The Chromium Projects IUUQTXXXDISPNJVNPSHRVJDQMBZJOHXJUIRVJD