IGU2013 Historical GIS Research Group 2013/08/07 Development and Improvement of Historical Agro-Environmental Browsing System （HABS） Nobusuke IWASAKI 1) 3), David S. SPRAGUE1) and Ikuhiro TERAMOTO2) 1) National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences 2) National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 3) OSGeo Foundation Japan Chapter

Outline • About Rapid Survey Maps (RSM) • Development of Historical Agro- Environmental Browsing System (HABS) – Large area georeferencing of RSM – Development of WebGIS using FOSS4G • Improvement of HABS – Data quality and License – Grid data • Conclusion 2 Agenda

IGU2013 Historical GIS Research Group 2013/08/07 What’s Rapid Survey Maps?

What’s Rapid Survey Maps • Surveyed in early Meiji Era, (1880 – 1886) – It means name of survey method (迅速測 圖法) and maps surveyed based on the method • Surveyed by regional division of Japanese Army. – Covered most of Kanto Plain • 1/20,000, 900 maps • Important material to analyses traditional land use 4 About Rapid Survey Maps (RSM)

Characteristics of the RMS • Color map – with detailed land use categories • Scenery image – it makes possible to reconstruct landscape • Few and expensive – 160 sets printed – About $ 10,000 5 About Rapid Survey Maps (RSM)

Land use change study based on RSM • Quantitative analysis of land use change – Digitizing road and land use border – Assign land use properties to each polygon • Needs effort – for input one map, one person and month – difficult vectorize of large area • Some information lost – such as contour, color and characters 6 About Rapid Survey Maps (RSM)

Object of this study • Development of WebGIS for disseminate RMS – as raster data format • Georeferencing methds for the RMS – Constructing WebGIS using FOSS4G • Improve WebGIS – Data accuracy and resolution – Additional contents – Developing GRID data 7 About Rapid Survey Maps (RSM)

IGU2013 Historical GIS Research Group 2013/08/07 Development of Historical Agro-Environment Browsing System （HABS）

Large area georeferencing • Popular georeference methods need at least 4 geographical control points both present and old maps – It may be difficult to apply RMS • Difficult to find geographical control points in each map. • Drastic land use change from Meiji Era to present – In addition, it would be very long and intensive work to carry out this method for all 900 RSM 9 Development of HABS

Mosaicing and georeferencing the RMS • Mosaic RMS image based on relative position – The survey area of the each RSM lies on a grid, 5 km north-south and 4 km east-west direction 10 Development of HABS

Mosaicing and georeferencing the RMS • The mosaiced image was georeferenced to the present coordinate system 11 Development of HABS

Mosaicing and georeferencing the RMS • There are misalignments between grid – 150 m in worst case 12 Development of HABS

Schematic diagram of WebGIS • Developed WebGIS using FOSS4G 13 Development of HABS Request Data Request Data Request Data Request Data Request Data Request Data Rendering Request Data Rendering Sending Data Sending Data Sending Data Sending Data Sending Data Sending Data Sending Data Render data for display Render data for display GDAL2Tiles GIS Data GIS client with WMS

What’s FOSS4G • Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial – The source code is made available under a license that allows the modification, and re- distribution of the software. – Of course, free charge 14 Development of HABS http://www.opensource.org/docs/osd

Historical Agro-Environmental Browsing System 15 Development of HABS • Historical Agro-Environmental Browsing System was released Apr. 21, 2008 – http://habs.dc.affrc.go.jp/index_e.html • Now, stoped  • Search “HABS” • Two interface – Web Browser – Google Earth

IGU2013 Historical GIS Research Group 2013/08/07 Improvement of HABS and father works

Add landscape image • Provide landscape image as KML – http://habs.dc.affrc.go.jp/kml/shizu.kml 17 Improvement of HABS and father works

Provide GIS data by WMS • HABS is available through WMS. – http://www.finds.jp/wsdocs/hawms/index.html.en 18 Improvement of HABS and father works

Available on Android • Tokyo Old Map – 東京古い地図 19 Improvement of HABS and father works

Improve data quality and accuracy • Scan map by 300dpi – marge among matched maps – georeferencing using QGIS 20 Improvement of HABS and father works

Review of system • Using Tile Map Service – Improve compatibility with an other service, such as Digital Japan • and consider security of system 21 Improvement of HABS and father works

License of Data • Adopt Open License – not only academic, but also the public • Creative Commons 2.1 BY Japan 22 Improvement of HABS and father works or

IGU2013 Historical GIS Research Group 2013/08/07 Demonstration

Development of GRID data • GRID data input system using FOSS4G – GUI:QGIS，Database:PostGIS • Speed up input data（1map /1 week) • working with many people 24 Improvement of HABS and father works

Accuracy assessment of GRID data • Relatively, large error in liner feature, such as paddy field – caused by input method 25 Improvement of HABS and father works Area（％） Point Grid Polygon Paddy 14.17 14.43 13.56 Upland field 18.39 18.80 19.11 Tea, orchard 0.14 0.14 0.00 Wood 40.11 40.91 40.24 Grass 18.64 18.77 18.48 Village, road 2.80 2.95 2.59 Marsh 0.77 0.79 1.02 Water 4.99 5.39 5.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 Land use ratio (point, grid) Land use ratio (polygon) point grid

Conclusion • We developed HABS using FOSS4G – It makes easy to disseminate the RMS • Additional contents and High resolution data are also available. • Adopt an open license – not only for academy, but also public, include commercial use • Now, developing GRID data – quantitative analysis of land use change 26 Conclusion

IGU2013 Historical GIS Research Group 2013/08/07 Thank you for your attention!! e-mail: niwasaki@affrc.go.jp