Rubyのハッシュとパスワードのハッシュ化、まったく別物だと思っていませんか？

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גࣜձࣾiCARE αʔόʔαΠυΤϯδχΞ ࣉҪ লޗ(@krpk1900_dev) Rubyͷϋογϡͱ   ύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽɺ   ·ͬͨ͘ผ෺ͩͱࢥ͍ͬͯ·ͤΜ͔ʁ

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2 גࣜձࣾiCARE αʔόʔαΠυΤϯδχΞ ࣉҪ লޗ 2021೥8݄ʹגࣜձࣾiCAREʹೖࣾɻ  2022೥8݄ΑΓԠ༻తೝՄػೳPJ։ൃϦʔμʔɺ  2022೥10݄͔Β͸৽ن։ൃνʔϜͷϦʔμʔΛ݉೚ɻ RailsͱGraphQLΛ༻͍ͨ։ൃΛओʹ୲౰͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ ࣗݾ঺հ @krpk1900_dev

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3 ࠓ೔ͷൃද಺༰͸ɺ RubyKaigi 2022ʹఏग़ͨ͠CFPΛ վมͨ͠΋ͷͰ͢ ͓͜ͱΘΓ

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4 ఻͍͑ͨ͜ͱ ᶃ Rubyͷϋογϡʹؔ͢Δ஌ࣝ ᶄ Rubyͷൃలͷཪʹ͋ͬͨࢲ͕ײಈͨ͠Τϐιʔυ ᶅ ॳ৺ऀͰ΋CFPΛग़ͯ͠ྑ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱ

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5 ᶃ Rubyͷϋογϡʹ͍ͭͯ

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6 Rubyͷϋογϡͬͯ ͝ଘ஌Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ Rubyͷϋογϡ

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7 {key: value} Rubyͷϋογϡ

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8 ύεϫʔυͷอଘͳͲͰग़ͯ͘Δ ϋογϡԽͬͯ ͝ଘ஌Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ ύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽ

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9 ϋογϡؔ਺ ύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽ password d39a9902c2

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10 Rubyͷϋογϡͱ   ύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽɺ શ͘ผ෺ͩͱࢥ͍ͬͯ·ͤΜ͔ʁ RubyͷϋογϡͱύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽ

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11 ࣮͸ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͢ RubyͷϋογϡͱύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽ

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12 Rubyͷϋογϡͱ   ύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽɺ ͲͪΒ΋ϋογϡؔ਺͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔ RubyͷϋογϡͱύεϫʔυͷϋογϡԽ

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13 • RubyͷHashͰ͸ɺkeyΛ୳ࡧ͢Δͱ͖ʹϋογϡؔ਺͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔ • ԿͷͨΊʹʁ ԿͷͨΊʹϋογϡؔ਺͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔͷ͔

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14 • ޮ཰ͷྑ͍୳ࡧΛߦ͏ͨΊ • ϋογϡ୳ࡧͰ͸ɺ୳ࡧʹ͔͔Δܭࢉྔ͸O(1)ͱઆ໌͞ΕΔ ϋογϡ୳ࡧ ྫɿϋογϡͷཁૉ਺͕1000000Ͱ΋ ɹɹkey͕ teraiͰ͋Δσʔλͷ୳ࡧʹ͸   ɹɹཁૉ਺ʹൺྫͤͣɺҰఆͷ࣌ؒͰ୳ࡧՄೳ 1000000ݸ {terai: 178, … , endo: 196} key value ộ ộ ito 113 shiga 64 terai 178 ộ ộ

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15 • ཁૉ਺͕๲େͰ΋Ұఆͷ࣌ؒͰܭࢉͰ͖Δͱ͍͏ͷ͸ຊ౰ͳͷ͔ʁ • ୯७ʹߟ͑Δͱɺ্͔ΒॱʹҰக͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λݟ͍ͯ͘ඞཁ͕   ͋ΔͨΊɺཁૉ਺ n ʹൺྫͦ͠͏   ϋογϡ୳ࡧ key value ộ ộ ito 113 shiga 64 terai 178 ộ ộ n ݸ ộ terai Ұக͍ͯ͠Δ͔ʁ Ұக͍ͯ͠Δ͔ʁ Ұக͍ͯ͠Δ͔ʁ ộ terai terai

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16 • ͔ͨ͠ʹ্͔Βॱʹ֬ೝ͍ͯ͘͠৔߹͸ O(n)ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏ • ͜͜Ͱ༻͍ΒΕΔ޻෉͕ϋογϡςʔϒϧ ϋογϡ୳ࡧ

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17 • ϋογϡςʔϒϧͰ͸ɺkeyͱvalueΛϝϞϦʹ֨ೲ͢Δͱ͖ʹ   ϝϞϦͷͲ͜ʹ֨ೲ͢Δ͔ʹنଇ͕͋Δ ϋογϡ୳ࡧ ϝϞϦ൪஍ key value ộ ộ ộ 0x1020 0x1024 0x1028 ộ ộ ộ 1000000ݸ {terai: 178} ೖΕΔͳΒ͔͜͜͠ͳ͍

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18 • نଇʹैͬͯ֨ೲ͢Δͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ɺ୳ࡧ͢΂͖৔ॴΛಛఆͰ͖Δ • ͜Ε͕O(1)ͱͳΔཧ༝ • نଇ͕ͳ͍ͱɺઌ΄ͲͷΑ͏ʹ্͔Βॱʹ֬ೝ͢Δ͔͠ͳ͍ ϋογϡ୳ࡧ ϝϞϦ൪஍ key value ộ ộ ộ 0x1020 ito 113 0x1024 shiga 64 0x1028 terai 178 ộ ộ ộ 1000000ݸ ೖ͍ͬͯΔͳΒ͔͜͜͠ͳ͍ {terai: 178}

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19 • Ͱ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳنଇʹैͬͯ֨ೲ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ 1. ҰఆͷϝϞϦྖҬΛ֬อ͢ΔʢςʔϒϧαΠζʣ 2. key͔Βϋογϡ஋ΛٻΊΔ 3. ϋογϡ஋ΛςʔϒϧαΠζͰׂͬͨ༨ΓΛٻΊΔ 4. ͦͷ஋ΛΦϑηοτͱͯ֨͠ೲ͢ΔϝϞϦ൪஍Λܾఆ͢Δ ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷنଇ

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20 • Ͱ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳنଇʹैͬͯ֨ೲ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ 1. ҰఆͷϝϞϦྖҬΛ֬อ͢ΔʢςʔϒϧαΠζʣ 2. key͔Βϋογϡ஋ΛٻΊΔ 3. ϋογϡ஋ΛςʔϒϧαΠζͰׂͬͨ༨ΓΛٻΊΔ 4. ͦͷ஋ΛΦϑηοτͱͯ֨͠ೲ͢ΔϝϞϦ൪஍Λܾఆ͢Δ ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷنଇ ϝϞϦ൪஍ key value ộ ộ ộ 0x1020 0x1024 0x1028 ộ 0x1408 ộ ộ ộ ςʔϒϧαΠζ͸1000

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21 • Ͱ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳنଇʹैͬͯ֨ೲ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ 1. ҰఆͷϝϞϦྖҬΛ֬อ͢ΔʢςʔϒϧαΠζʣ 2. key͔Βϋογϡ஋ΛٻΊΔ 3. ϋογϡ஋ΛςʔϒϧαΠζͰׂͬͨ༨ΓΛٻΊΔ 4. ͦͷ஋ΛΦϑηοτͱͯ֨͠ೲ͢ΔϝϞϦ൪஍Λܾఆ͢Δ ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷنଇ ϋογϡؔ਺ terai d39a9902c2

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22 • Ͱ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳنଇʹैͬͯ֨ೲ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ 1. ҰఆͷϝϞϦྖҬΛ֬อ͢ΔʢςʔϒϧαΠζʣ 2. key͔Βϋογϡ஋ΛٻΊΔ 3. ϋογϡ஋ΛςʔϒϧαΠζͰׂͬͨ༨ΓΛٻΊΔ 4. ͦͷ஋ΛΦϑηοτͱͯ֨͠ೲ͢ΔϝϞϦ൪஍Λܾఆ͢Δ ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷنଇ ϋογϡؔ਺ terai d39a9902c2 ςʔϒϧαΠζ1000Ͱ   ׂͬͨ༨Γ 162

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23 • Ͱ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳنଇʹैͬͯ֨ೲ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ 1. ҰఆͷϝϞϦྖҬΛ֬อ͢ΔʢςʔϒϧαΠζʣ 2. key͔Βϋογϡ஋ΛٻΊΔ 3. ϋογϡ஋ΛςʔϒϧαΠζͰׂͬͨ༨ΓΛٻΊΔ 4. ͦͷ஋ΛΦϑηοτͱͯ֨͠ೲ͢ΔϝϞϦ൪஍Λܾఆ͢Δ ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷنଇ 162 ϝϞϦ൪஍ key value ộ ộ ộ 0x1024 ộ 0x10C6 terai 178 ộ 0x1408 ộ ộ ộ ೖΕΔͳΒ͔͜͜͠ͳ͍ {terai: 178}

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24 ϋογϡςʔϒϧ͔Β୳ࡧ͢Δͱ͖ 162 ϝϞϦ൪஍ key value ộ ộ ộ 0x1024 ito 113 ộ 0x10C6 terai 178 ộ 0x1408 shiga 64 ộ ộ ộ ೖ͍ͬͯΔͳΒ͔͜͜͠ͳ͍ ্͔Βશ෦֬ೝ͠ͳͯ͘΋1ճͰ͍͚Δ • ಉ༷ͷखॱͰkey͔ΒΦϑηοτΛܭࢉ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ   ϋογϡςʔϒϧ಺ͷ֬ೝ͢Ε͹ྑ͍ϝϞϦ൪஍ΛಛఆͰ͖Δ terai

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25 ͨͩ͠1ͭ໰୊͕͋Δ ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷ໰୊఺

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26 • িಥ ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷ໰୊఺ ϋογϡؔ਺ terai 10162 ςʔϒϧαΠζ1000Ͱ   ׂͬͨ༨Γ 162 niwa 20162 ςʔϒϧαΠζ1000Ͱ   ׂͬͨ༨Γ 162 takei 30162 ςʔϒϧαΠζ1000Ͱ   ׂͬͨ༨Γ 162 ςʔϒϧαΠζͰׂΔ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ   ςʔϒϧαΠζະຬʹม׵ͨ݁͠Ռ   ಉ͡஋ʹͳͬͯ͠·͏৔߹

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27 ϋογϡςʔϒϧͷ໰୊఺ 162 ϝϞϦ൪஍ key value ộ ộ ộ 0x1024 ito 113 ộ 0x10C6 ? ? ộ 0x1408 shiga 64 ộ ộ ộ ೖΕΔͳΒ͔͜͜͠ͳ͍ • িಥ͕ى͖Δͱ… {terai: 178} ೖΕΔͳΒ͔͜͜͠ͳ͍ {niwa: 211} ೖΕΔͳΒ͔͜͜͠ͳ͍ {takei: 362}

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28 ༗໊ͳղܾ๏ • νΣΠϯ๏ • ΦʔϓϯΞυϨε๏ ϝϞϦ൪஍ ஋ ộ ộ 0x1024 {ito: 113} ộ 0x10C6 ộ ộ {terai: 178} {niwa: 211} {takei: 362} ϝϞϦ൪஍ ஋ ộ ộ 0x1024 {ito: 113} ộ 0x10C6 {terai: 178} 0x10CA {niwa: 211} 0x10CE {takei: 362} ộ 0x1408 {shiga: 64} ộ ộ ͕࣌ؒͳ͍ͨΊ   ΞϧΰϦζϜͷઆ໌͸ׂѪ

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29 • ͪͳΈʹRubyͷHashͷ༝དྷ͸ɺPerlͷHash Table͕͢ͰʹHashͱ   ݺ͹Ε͍͔ͯͨΒʢMatzʹ֬ೝࡁΈʣ • ࿈૝഑ྻͱ͸ɺ਺஋Ҏ֎Λఴࣈʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ഑ྻͷ͜ͱ • ࿈૝഑ྻ͸ଞͷݴޠͰ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹݺ͹ΕΔ • Ϛοϓ • ࣙॻʢσΟΫγϣφϦʣ • ࿈૝Ϧετ ༨ஊɿRubyͷϋογϡͷ༝དྷ

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30 ᶄ Rubyͷൃలͷཪʹ͋ͬͨ   ɹ ࢲ͕ײಈͨ͠Τϐιʔυ

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31 • RubyͰ͸ɺνΣΠϯ๏͔ΒΦʔϓϯΞυϨε๏ʹมߋ͢ΔఏҊ͕   2016೥ʹMakarov͞ΜʹΑͬͯߦΘΕͨ • CPUͷਐԽʹ൐͍ɺΦʔϓϯΞυϨε๏ͷํ͕   ޮ཰͕ྑ͘ͳ͖ͬͯͨͨΊ • Python΍PHPͰ΋ಉ༷ͷมߋ͕ߦΘΕͨͨΊ RubyͷมߋͷఏҊ RubyKaigi 2022Ͱ΋ൃද͞Ε͍ͯͨ   Makarov͞Μ

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32 • νΣΠϯ๏͔ΒΦʔϓϯΞυϨε๏΁ͷมߋʹ͍ͭͯɺ   Martin͞Μ͕ผͷ࣮૷ΛఏҊ͞Εͨ • ͲͪΒ͕RubyʹऔΓࠐ·ΕΔ͔ɺͱͯ΋೤͍   ٞ࿦͕ߦΘΕͨ RubyͷมߋͷఏҊ Martin͞Μ͸RubyKaigi 2021Ͱ   ൃද͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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33 • ύϑΥʔϚϯεʹେ͖ͳࠩ͸ͳ͔͕ͬͨ   Makarov͞Μͷ࣮૷ͷํ͕গ͚ͩ͠γϯϓϧͰ͋Δͱ൑அ͠ɺ   Matz ͸Makarov͞Μͷ࣮૷ΛRubyʹऔΓࠐΜͩ • ന೤͍ͯͨٞ͠࿦ΛݟΔͱɺ͓ͦΒ͘Martin͞Μͷதʹ͸   չ͠͞΍൵͠͞ͷΑ͏ͳؾ࣋ͪ΋͋ͬͨͱࢲ͸ࢥ͍·͢ RubyͷมߋͷఏҊ

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34 • ͔͠͠ɺٞ࿦ͷ࠷ޙʹMartin͞Μ͕࢒͞Ε͍ͯͨݴ༿Λ   ݟͨͱ͖ɺࢲ͸͘͢͝ײಈ͠·ͨ͠ Martin͞Μͷݴ༿

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35 Φʔϓϯιʔειϑτ΢ΣΞ͸θϩαϜήʔϜͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ   ࠓRubyͷτϥϯΫʹ͋ΔύονΛ΋ͬͯ͢Ε͹ɺશһ͕ಘΛ͢Δͱ   ࢲ͸ߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ   ͋ͳͨ΋ಘΛͯ͠ɺMakarov͞Μ΋ಘΛͯ͠ɺ   ଞͷΈͳ͞Μ΋ಘΛͯ͠ɺͦͯ͠Ruby΋ಘΛ͢ΔͷͰ͢ʂ   Έͳ͞Μɺຊ౰ʹ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·͢ɻ Martin͞Μͷݴ༿

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36 Martin͞Μͷݴ༿ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ͜ͱΛॻ͘͜ͱࣗମ͕ࣦྱʹ͋ͨΔ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ͕ɺ   ࣗ෼ͷ࣮૷͕औΓࠐ·ΕΔ͜ͱʹΑͬͯಘΒΕΔ໊༪ͳΜ͔Ͱ͸   ͳ͘ɺਅʹRubyͷൃలΛئ͍ͬͯΔਓ͔Β͔͠ग़ͯ͜ͳ͍ݴ༿   ͩͱɺࢲ͸͜ΕΛݟͨͱ͖ʹײ͡·ͨ͠ • Έͳ͞Μʹ΋஌ͬͯ΋Β͍͍ͨͱࢥͬͯࠓ೔঺հ͠·ͨ͠

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37 ᶅ ॳ৺ऀͰ΋CFPΛग़ͯ͠   ɹ ྑ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱ

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38 • ࢲ͸ΤϯδχΞʹͳ͔ͬͯΒ·ͩ໿1೥ͰɺԿΛͱͬͯ΋   ࣗ৴͕͋Δͱ͸ݴ͑·ͤΜ • ͔͠͠ɺRubyKaigiͱKaigi on RailsʹCFPΛग़ͯ͠Έ·ͨ͠ • CFPͷaccept / reject ΛܾΊΔͷ͸ӡӦଆͳͷͰɺ   ॳ৺ऀ͕ʢ΋͔ͨ͠͠ΒϨϕϧͷ௿͍ʣCFPΛఏग़ͯ͠΋   ୭ʹ΋໎࿭͸͔͔Βͳ͍ͱࢥ͍·͢ • ࠷ॳ͸ΈΜͳॳ৺ऀͩͬͨ͸ͣ • Ή͠Ζॳ৺ऀͷൃද಺༰͕͞͞Δ૚΋͖ͬͱ͍Δ͸ͣ ॳ৺ऀͰ΋CFPΛग़ͯ͠ྑ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱ

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39 • CFPΛఏग़͢Δͱ͍͏ߦಈΛͨ͜͠ͱʹΑͬͯಘΒΕΔ   ஌ࣝ΍ܦݧɺਓͱͷग़ձ͍͕͋Δͱࢥ͍·͢ • ࠷ॳ͸ؾ͕Ҿ͚ͨΓͳ͔ͳ͔༐ؾ͕ग़ͳ͍͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ͕ɺ   ࢲͷΑ͏ʹ஌ࣝ΍ܦݧ͕গͳ͍ਓ͕CFPΛग़ͯ͠΋   ໎࿭͸͔͔͍ͬͯ·ͤΜ͠ɺग़ͯ͠Έͯྑ͔ͬͨͳͱײ͍ͯ͡·͢ • ΋͠໎͍ͬͯΔํ͕͓ΒΕͨΒɺ͜ͷ࿩͕ͦͷਓͷഎதΛԡ͢   ͖͔͚ͬʹͳΔ͜ͱΛئ͍ͬͯ·͢ ॳ৺ऀͰ΋CFPΛग़ͯ͠ྑ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱ

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40 • Ruby master Feature #12142   ʢνΣΠϯ๏͔ΒΦʔϓϯΞυϨε๏΁ͷมߋͷఏҊ͕ߦΘΕͨ   ɹεϨουʣ • Rubyͷ഑ྻ(Array)Λຐվ଄ͯ͠ɺ࿈૝഑ྻͱͯ͠࢖ͬͯΈͨ   ʢϋογϡςʔϒϧͷنଇΛࢀߟʹͨ͠هࣄʣ ࢀߟʹͨ͠هࣄ