OSCON - Scaling PHP in the real world!

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Scaling PHP in the real world Dustin Whittle - @dustinwhittle

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PHP IS USED BY THE LIKES OF FACEBOOK, YAHOO, ZYNGA, TUMBLR, ETSY, AND WIKIPEDIA. HOW DO THE LARGEST INTERNET COMPANIES SCALE PHP TO MEET THEIR DEMAND? ! JOIN THIS SESSION AND FIND OUT HOW TO USE THE LATEST TOOLS IN PHP FOR DEVELOPING HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS. WE’LL TAKE A LOOK AT COMMON TECHNIQUES FOR SCALING PHP APPLICATIONS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PROFILING AND OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE. AFTER THIS SESSION, YOU’LL LEAVE PREPARED TO TACKLE YOUR NEXT ENTERPRISE PHP PROJECT.

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AGENDA • Why performance matters? • The problems with PHP • Best practice designs • Distributed data caches with Redis and Memcached • Doing work in the background with queues • Http caching and a reverse proxy with Varnish • Using the right tool for the job • Tools of the trade • Xdebug + WebGrind • XHProf + XHProf GUI • AppDynamics • Google PageSpeed • Architecture not applications

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DUSTIN WHITTLE • dustinwhittle.com • @dustinwhittle • Technologist, Pilot, Skier, Diver, Sailor, Golfer

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WHAT I HAVE WORKED ON • Developer Evangelist @ • Consultant & Trainer @ • Developer Evangelist @

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DID YOU KNOW FACEBOOK, YAHOO, ZYNGA, TUMBLR, ETSY, AND WIKIPEDIA WERE ALL STARTED ON PHP?

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WHY DOES PERFORMANCE MATTER?

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WHEN MOZILLA SHAVED 2.2 SECONDS OFF THEIR LANDING PAGE, FIREFOX DOWNLOADS INCREASED 15.4%

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MAKING BARACK OBAMA’S WEBSITE 60% FASTER INCREASED DONATION CONVERSIONS BY 14%

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AMAZON AND WALMART INCREASED REVENUE 1% FOR EVERY 100MS OF IMPROVEMENT

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PERFORMANCE DIRECTLY IMPACTS THE BOTTOM LINE

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PHP IS SLOWER THAN JAVA, C++, ERLANG, SCALA, AND GO!

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HTTP://PHPSADNESS.COM/

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...AND PHP HAS SOME SERIOUS DESIGN ISSUES AND INCONSISTENCIES!

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...BUT THERE ARE WAYS TO SCALE TO HANDLE HIGH TRAFFIC APPLICATIONS

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PHP IS NOT YOUR PROBLEM!

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WHAT VERSION OF PHP DO YOU RUN?

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UPGRADE YOUR PHP ENVIRONMENT TO 2014!

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NGINX + PHP-FPM

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USE AN OPCODE CACHE!

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PHP 5.5 HAS ZEND OPCACHE

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APC

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USE AUTOLOADING AND PSR-0

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SYMFONY2 CLASSLOADER COMPONENT WITH APC CACHING

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SCALING BEYOND A SINGLE SERVER IN PHP

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OPTIMIZE YOUR SESSIONS!

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THE DEFAULT IN PHP IS TO PERSIST SESSIONS TO DISK

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IT IS BETTER TO STORE SESSIONS IN A DATABASE

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EVEN BETTER IS TO STORE IN A DATABASE WITH A SHARED CACHE IN FRONT

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PECL INSTALL MEMCACHED

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session.save_handler = memcached session.save_path = "10.0.0.10:11211,10.0.0.11:11211,10.0.0.12:11211" memcached.sess_preﬁx = “session.” memcached.sess_consistent_hash = On memcached.sess_remove_failed = 1 memcached.sess_number_of_replicas = 2 memcached.sess_binary = On memcached.sess_randomize_replica_read = On memcached.sess_locking = On memcached.sess_connect_timeout = 200 memcached.serializer = “igbinary”

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THE BEST SOLUTION IS TO LIMIT SESSION SIZE AND STORE ALL DATA IN A SIGNED OR ENCRYPTED COOKIE

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LEVERAGE AN IN-MEMORY DATA CACHE

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MEMCACHED.ORG

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REDIS.IO

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• Any data that is expensive to generate/query and long lived should be cached • Web Service Responses • HTTP Responses • Database Result Sets • Conﬁguration Data

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GUZZLE HTTP CLIENT HAS BUILT-IN SUPPORT FOR CACHING WEB SERVICE REQUESTS

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$memcache = new Memcache(); $memcache->connect('localhost', 11211); ! $memcacheDriver = new Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache(); $memcacheDriver->setMemcache($memcache); ! $client = new Guzzle\HttpClient(‘http://www.test.com/’); ! $cachePlugin = new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\CachePlugin(array( ‘storage’ => new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\DefaultCacheStorage( new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\DoctrineCacheAdapter($memcacheDriver) ) )); $client->addSubscriber($cachePlugin); ! $response = $client->get(‘http://www.wikipedia.org/’)->send(); ! $response = $client->get(‘http://www.wikipedia.org/’)->send();

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DOCTRINE ORM FOR PHP HAS BUILT-IN CACHING SUPPORT FOR MEMCACHED AND REDIS

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$memcache = new Memcache(); $memcache->connect('localhost', 11211); ! $memcacheDriver = new Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache(); $memcacheDriver->setMemcache($memcache); ! $config = new Doctrine\ORM\Configuration(); $config->setQueryCacheImpl($memcacheDriver); $config->setMetadataCacheImpl($memcacheDriver); $config->setResultCacheImpl($memcacheDriver); ! $entityManager = Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager::create(array(‘driver’ => ‘pdo_sqlite’, ‘path’ => __DIR__ . ‘/db.sqlite’), $config); ! $query = $em->createQuery(‘select u from EntitiesUser u’); $query->useResultCache(true, 60); ! $users = $query->getResult();

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DO BLOCKING WORK IN BACKGROUND TASKS VIA QUEUES

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• Resque • Gearman • RabbitMQ • Kafka • Beanstalkd • ZeroMQ • ActiveMQ

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RESQUE

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• Any process that is slow and not important for the http response should be queued • Sending notiﬁcations + posting to social accounts • Analytics + Instrumentation • Updating proﬁles and discovering friends from social accounts • Consuming web services like Twitter Streaming API

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LEVERAGE HTTP CACHING

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EXPIRES OR INVALIDATION

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EXPIRATION

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VALIDATION

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EXPIRATION AND INVALIDATION

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SYMFONY2 HTTPFOUNDATION COMPONENT WITH HTTP CACHING

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use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; ! $response = new Response(‘Hello World!’, 200, array(‘content-type’ => ‘text/html’)); ! $response->setCache(array( ‘etag’ => ‘a_unique_id_for_this_resource’, ‘last_modiﬁed’ => new DateTime(), ‘max_age’ => 600, ‘s_maxage’ => 600, ‘private’ => false, ‘public’ => true, ));

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use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; ! $request = Request::createFromGlobals(); ! $response = new Response(‘Hello World!’, 200, array(‘content-type’ => ‘text/html’)); ! if ($response->isNotModiﬁed($request)) { $response->send(); }

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• Varnish • Squid • Nginx Proxy Cache • Apache Proxy Cache

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USE VARNISH AS A REVERSE PROXY CACHE TO ALLEVIATE LOAD ON YOUR APP SERVERS

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OPTIMIZE YOUR FRAMEWORK!

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• Stay up-to-date with the latest stable version of your favorite framework • Disable features you are not using (I18N, Security, etc) • Always use a data cache like Memcached/Redis • Enable caching features for views and database result sets • Always use a HTTP cache like Varnish

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LEARN TO HOW TO PROFILE CODE FOR PHP PERFORMANCE

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XDEBUG + WEBGRIND

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XHPROF + XHPROF GUI

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PHP AS GLUE

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BACKEND = JAVA/SCALA/ ERLANG/GO/NODE ! FRONTEND = PHP OR JAVASCRIPT

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YAHOO! & YPHP Move slow code to PHP extensions

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FACEBOOK & HHVM A drop-in replacement for PHP (mostly)

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• Upgrade to PHP 5.5 with Zend OpCache using PHP-PFM + Nginx • Stay up to date with your framework + dependencies (using Composer) • Optimize your session store to use signed cookies or database with caching • Cache your database and web service access with Memcache or Redis • Do blocking work in the background with queues and tasks using Resque • Use HTTP caching and a reverse proxy cache like Varnish • Proﬁle code with Xdebug + Webgrind and monitor production performance

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DON’T FORGET TO OPTIMIZE THE CLIENT SIDE

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IN MODERN WEB APPLICATIONS MOST OF THE LATENCY COMES FROM THE CLIENT SIDE

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USE ASSETIC TO OPTIMIZE CLIENT-SIDE ASSETS

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GOOGLE PAGESPEED

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GOOGLE PAGESPEED INSIGHTS

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GOOGLE PAGESPEED API

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CURL "HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLEAPIS.COM/ PAGESPEEDONLINE/V1/RUNPAGESPEED? URL=HTTP://DUSTINWHITTLE.COM/ &KEY=XXX"

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SCALABILITY IS ABOUT THE ENTIRE ARCHITECTURE, NOT SOME MINOR CODE OPTIMIZATIONS.